Текст книги "Анастасия или Анна? Величайшая загадка дома Романовых"

25. Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, affidavit of August 1, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 132.

26. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 101.

27. Lord Mountbatten to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

28. Summers and Mangold, 192.

29. Thornton, 39.

30. Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, affidavit of August 1, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 132.

31. Charles Sidney Gibbes to Alexandra Gilliard, letter of September 17, 1926, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

32 Charles Sidney Gibbes to Alexander Mikhailovich, letter of December 1, 1928, in Hamburg, XXIII, 4403–4404.

33. Charles Sidney Gibbes, affidavit of April 17, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 495–497.

34. Ibid.

35. Rathlef-Keilmann, 70.

36. Welch, 220; AA to Alexei Miliukov, August 14, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

37. Trewin, 134.

38. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 102, 122.

39. Lili Dehn, affidavit of November 5, 1957, in Hamburg, I, 28–35.

40. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 125.

41. Ibid., 125–126; Lili Dehn, affidavit of November 5, 1957, in Hamburg, I, 28–35.

42. Cited in Kurth, 288.

43. Dehn, 152 passim.

44. Lili Dehn, affidavit of November 5, 1957, in Hamburg, I, 28–35; see Dehn, 77–78, and Vyrubova, 62–63, on Tiutcheva, and Rathlef-Keilmann, 167–168, on AA’s previous discussion of this fact.

45. Lili Dehn, affidavit of November 5, 1957, in Hamburg, I, 28–35.

46. Ibid.

47. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 122.

48. Michael Fulda, grandson of Lili Dehn, to Greg King.

49. Lord Mountbatten to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

50. Tatiana Botkin to Brien Horan, quoted in Horan, appendix, n.p.

51. Information culled from several letters among Lord Mountbatten; Prince Ludwig of Hesse; and Ludwig’s wife, Princess Margaret of Hesse, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

16. Судебные процессы

1. Copy of Certificate of Inheritance, September 8, 1933, issued by the Central District Court (Amtsgericht) in Berlin, in Hamburg, I, 1–10.

2. Johann Meyer, testimony of December 13, 1956, in Hamburg, XIV, 2349–2354.

3. Decision of the High Court (Landesgericht), Berlin, February 2, 1957; Time, February 11, 1957; see also Summers and Mangold, 228–230; Kurth, 294.

4. Kurth, 295.

5. Private information to the authors.

6. Lord Mountbatten to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

7. Summers and Mangold, 213.

8. Ian Lilburn to Gleb Botkin, letter of May 1, 1965, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

9. Thornton, 38.

10. Godl.

11. Verdict of the Hanseatic High Court (Landesgericht), Hamburg, issued May 16, 1961, and appended to Hamburg, XXIV loose.

12. Kurth, 319–320, 323.

13. Cited in Horan, 5.

14. Summers and Mangold, 256.

15. Gertrude Lamedin, quoted in «Eine Rettung, die Mutterchen Russlands gelang?» by Gerhard Mauz, in Der Spiegel, March 6, 1967.

16. Ian Lilburn to Gleb Botkin, letter of May 1, 1965, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

17. Kurth, 322.

18. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

19. Receipt for nine exercise books, Hanseatic Court of Appeals (Oberlandesgericht), received into evidence April 22, 1964, in Hamburg, XX, 3834; Kurth, 340; Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

20. See Auclères, 240; Ian Lilburn to Alexander Nikitich, letter of October 10, 1965, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

21. Opinion of Georg Dulckheit, in Hamburg, XIII, 2068–2069.

22. See Item 7, «Book for Instruction in the Russian Language, Anastasia Nikolaievna, 1913,» with corrections by tutor Peter Petrov, entered into evidence April 22, 1964, in Hamburg XX, 3834.

23. Agnes Gallagher, affidavit of December 22, 1930, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4481–4493.

24. Auclères, 249.

25. Vorres, 174.

26. Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden, statement of March 12, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 34–36.

27. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 156.

28. Telberg and Wilton, 57; Gibbes, statement of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov archive, vol. 5, doc, 31.

29. Charles Sidney Gibbes, statement of April 17, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 495–497.

30. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 70.

31. Gilliard and Savitch, 18, 70–71.

32. Gilliard, in The Illustrated London News, July 16, 1927, 102–103; Castelot, 416.

33. Item 8, exercise book «A. Romanova, February 16, 1916, Tsarskoye Selo,» receipt dated April 22, 1964, in Hamburg, XX, 3834.

34. Timetables for lessons, 1917–1918, from Pierre Gilliard papers, in Hamburg, XXI, 3966.

35. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of November 10, 1963, in authors’ collection.

36. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of September 3, 1964, in authors’ collection.

37. Rathlef-Keilmann, 41.

38. Ibid.

39. Rathlef-Keilmann, 103; report of Dr. Serge Rudnev, March 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit of July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138.

40. Cohen, in New York Times, March 28, 1926; Rathlef-Keilmann, 103.

41. Rathlef-Keilmann, 104.

42. AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, June 29, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

43. Rathlef-Keilmann, 78; Cohen, in New York Times, March 28, 1926.

44. See, for example, Rathlef-Keilmann, 210; Karl Wagner, statement of October 3, 1957, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6382.

45. Olga Alexandrovna to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of December 22, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, 181–182.

46. F. van der Hoeven, statement of October 3, 1927, in Hamburg, Bln III, 78–80; Vorres, 176.

47. See Auclères in Le Figaro, February 5, 1965, and Le Figaro, September 24, 1969; Kurth, 330–331.

48. Kurth, 331.

49. See, for example, Dr. Serge Rudnev, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit of July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; diary of Faith Lavington, entry of November 21, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

50. Rathlef-Keilmann, 111.

51. Ibid., 157.

52. See statement of Dr. Serge Kastritsky, February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, X, 1868; Grey, 190.

53. Auclères, 130.

54. Victoria, marchioness of Milford Haven, to Princess Xenia Georgievna, letter of July 23, 1930, in Hamburg, XXXII, 3276.

55. Report of Dr. Volker Kruger, January 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIII, 4294–4312. These plaster casts were admitted into evidence by the Hamburg High Court and are now in the court records holdings in the Staatsarchiv, Hamburg. They can be seen in the 1995 German documentary Anastasia: Zarentochter oder Hochstaplerin? (Anastasia: Tsar’s Daughter or Imposter?) by Maurice Philip Remy, an MPR Film und Fernsen Produktion GmbH, in cooperation with NDR Norddeutscher Rundfunk, 1995.

56. Professor Marc Bischoff, Report on the Tchaikovsky Matter, March 9, 1927, in Gillaird and Savitch, 153–157, and in Hamburg, Kurzbericht Archiv fur Kriminologie Band 88 S., 138–141; also Bischoff study, March 9, 1927, in Hamburg, Bln III, 207 loose.

57. Gilliard and Savitch, 159–161.

58. Rathlef-Keilmann, 173–174; In «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/38», pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln, 53; and Rathlef-Keilmann articles in Tägliche Rundschau, October 1927, in Hamburg, XVII, 3165–3188.

59. Gilliard and Savitch, 142.

60. Ibid.

61. Victoria, marchioness of Milford Haven, to Princess Xenia Georgievna, letter of July 23, 1930, in Hamburg, XXXII, 3276.

62. Gilliard and Savitch, 78.

63. Sergeant Riesling, Report on Comparison of Ears in the Matter of the Identity of Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia, Darmstadt, April 26, 1927, quoted in Gilliard and Savitch, 164–165, and submitted to Hamburg, in Hamburg, XXIV, 6438–6442.

64. «Study M» by Professor Dr. V. Müller-Hess and Professor Dr. F. Curtius, March 2, 1940, in Hamburg, XIII, 2104–2126.

65. «Study F,» report of Dr. Eugen Fischer, June 10, 1941, in Hamburg, XIII, 2175–2203.

66. «Study C,» Professor Dr. Karl Clauberg, report of December 29, 1955, in Hamburg, XIII, 2231–2256; also additional report and photo analysis submitted January 30, 1958, in Hamburg, I, 130–133.

67. Report by Eickstadt and Klenke, submitted to Hamburg, July 26, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 710a; supplemental report, August 7, 1959, by Eickstadt and Klenke, in Hamburg, IX, 1616.

68. Kurth, 314.

69. Report of Professor Otto Reche, May 12, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1648–1724. Modern critics have pointed out that Reche was a former Nazi whose discredited racial blood theories had supported the Third Reich’s anti-Semitic policies; similar charges, though, could be leveled at many of the other German experts involved in both sides of Anderson’s case. Reche’s anthropological work in Anderson’s case was unrelated to his serology work with the Nazi regime and, as with the opinions of similar colleagues who testified for and against her claim, must stand or fall on its own merits.

70. Dr. Karl Clauberg, report of May 15, 1959, in Hamburg, VI, 37–42.

71. Lucy Weiszäcker, report of August 11, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXI, 5827.

72. Maurice Delmain, study dated May 16, 1957, in Hamburg, VII, 1–7; Delmain study and comments, June 5, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 598–602; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 148.

73. Minna Becker, report of September 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XI, 1909–1950.

74. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 154; Rathlef-Keilmann notes, June 21, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose; AA, dictated replies to questions, May 8, 1929, 3, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

75. Amy Smith, testimony of December 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5397–5409.

76. Prince Dimitri Golitsyn, testimony of September 24, 1965, Hamburg, XXXVII, 6595.

77. See Colonel Dimitri von Wonlar-Larsky to Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, letter of April 19, 1949, in Hamburg, VIII, 1584–1585; Baroness Marie Pilar von Pilchau, testimony of January 20, 1957, in Hamburg, VII, 299; Elisabeth, infanta of Portugal, Princess Thurn und Taxis, testimony of June 21, 1963, in Hamburg, XVIII, 3658–3660.

78. Crown Princess Cecilie of Prussia, statement of October 2, 1953, in Hamburg XXIV, 4696–4699; Prince Friedrich of Schoenaich-Carolath, testimony of January 11, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXI, 5826–5827, and testimony of November 18, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXII, 5878–5883.

79. Fritz von Unruh, testimony of April 7, 1963, in Hamburg, XX, 3932.

80. Lord Mountbatten to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

81. Baron Fabian von Massenbach, affidavit of April 21, 1939, in Hamburg, Bln III, 199–200; Viktoria Luise, 101.

82. «Aus Hessen Haus,» in Der Spiegel, August 2, 1961; see Kurth, 346–348; diaries of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig, February 18–March 6, 1916, in Hamburg, XIX, 3735; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig to Grand Duchess Eleonore, letters of February 18–March 4, 1916, in Hamburg, XIX/3735; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig to Grand Duchess Eleonore, field postcard of March 12, 1916, in Hamburg, XXXIII, 6061; diaries of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig, March 5–April 2, 1916, in Hamburg, XXXIII, 6063–6076; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig to Grand Duchess Eleonore, letters of March 5–April 7, 1916, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6399.

83. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 254.

84. Первое упоминание о возможной поездке появилось в номере немецкой газеты Königsberger Allgemaine Zeitung от 7 марта 1927 года, через два года после того, как Андерсон сделала свое полемическое заявление. О поездке также упоминалось в двух советских изданиях: «Монархия перед крушением: бумаги Николая II и другие документы, 1914–1917», Москва/Ленинград: Государственное издательство, 1927 год; и «Романовы и германское влияние во время мировой войны», Ленинград: издательство «Красная газета», 1929 год, обе книги выпущены под редакцией В.П. Семенникова. Утверждалось также, что об этой поездке говорилось в третьей книге, которая предположительно была издана в 1921 году, до заявления Андерсон. Фактически же настойчивые исследования доктора Ричарда Дэйвиса, куратора Русского архива Университета в Лидсе, Великобритания, а также работы проведенные в Марбургском университете с включением всестороннего исследования национальной библиографии Германии, показали, что в период между 1921 и 1925 годом ни одной такой книги не издавалось в Германии. Письмо доктора Ричарда Дейвиса от 11 октября 2008 года, посланное электронной почтой Дэйвиду Вернолл-Даунсу, было передано авторам настоящей книги самим получателем письма.

85. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 281.

86. Report by Eickstadt and Klenke, July 26, 1958, in Hamburg, XIII, 2302–2344.

87. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 148, 294–295.

88. Maurice Delmain, study dated May 16, 1957, in Hamburg, VII, 1–7; Delmain study and comments, June 5, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 598–602; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 148.

89. Verdict of the Bundesgerichthof (West German Federal Supreme Court), Karlsruhe, February 17, 1970, appended to Hamburg, loose.

17. «Как я скажу вам, кто я такая?»

1. «The Case of a New Anastasia,» Life, October 18, 1963, 111–112.

2. AA to Alexei Miliukov, August 5, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

3. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of October 22, 1963, in authors’ collection.

4. AA to Alexei Miliukov, February 7, 1968, in Miliukov tapes.

5. Horan, 63–63; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

6. Le Figaro, September 21, 1967.

7. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 11, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

8. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 12, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

9. AA to Alexei Miliukov, November 21, 1965, in Miliukov tapes; AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 26, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

10. AA to Alexei Miliukov, August 15, 1965, in Miliukov tapes; AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 26, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

11. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 12, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

12. AA to Alexei Miliukov, June 17, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

13. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 12, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

14. Welch, 93–94.

15. Botkin, Anastasia, 264–265.

16. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of July 12, 1963, in authors’ collection.

17. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of June 13, 1964, in authors’ collection.

18. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of June 12, 1965, in authors’ collection.

19. AA to Alexei Miliukov, April 15, 1967, in Miliukov tapes.

20. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors. The chalet is still standing in Unterlengenhardt, and it is privately occupied.

21. Horan, 160; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

22. AA to Alexei Miliukov, June 17, 1966, in Miliukov tapes.

23. Information from Patte Barham to Greg King.

24. Ibid.; Charlottesville Daily Progress, January 20, 1970; Kurth, 375.

25. Charlottesville Daily Progress, January 12, 1968.

26. Ruffin, 64–66.

27. Peter Kurth to Greg King, e-mail of July 16, 2009.

28. Ruffin, 64, 67.

29. Ibid., 68.

30. Ibid.

31. Ibid., 65.

32. Kurth, 379.

33. Chavchavadze, 239.

34. Horan, 141; Chavchavadze, 239.

35. Tucker, 43.

36. Lovell, 333–334.

37. Richmond Times Dispatch, September 2, 1978.

38. Summers and Mangold, 198–199.

39. Richmond Times Dispatch, September 2, 1978.

40. Charlottesville Daily Progress, August 30, 1978.

41. Richmond Times Dispatch, September 2, 1978; Charlottesville Daily Progress, September 2, 1978.

42. Charlottesville Daily Progress, February 28, 1977.

43. In Search of. . Anastasia, Alan Landsberg Productions, syndicated for North American television, 1976.

44. Summers and Mangold, 239.

45. Charlottesville Daily Progress, October 28, 1976.

46. She gave this version to her onetime British legal representative Michael Thornton, and to author James Blair Lovell. See Michael Thornton in London Sunday Express, «Anastasia: Mystery Remains Unsolved,» May 17, 1992; Lovell, 352–355.

47. Charlottesvile Daily Progress, October 28, 1976.

48. Ibid., August 6, 1979.

49. Ibid., August 7, 1979.

50. Ibid., August 7, 1979, and June 18, 1981.

51. Rives, 34.

52. Ruffin, 66.

53. Ibid., 69.

54. Charlottesville Weekly 6, no. 21 (October 4–10, 1994): 10.

55. Kurth, 389.

56. Charlottesville Daily Progress, October 13, 1976.

57. Ruffin, 73.

58. Kurth, 453, 1984 paperback version.

59. Kurth, 453–454, 1984 paperback version; Charlottesville Daily Progress, December 3, 1983.

60. Lovell, 370.

61. Lovell, 368–370; Kurth, 455, 1984 paperback version.

62. Information from James Blair Lovell to Greg King; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors; London Daily Express, July 29, 1988.

63. Death certificate of Anastasia Nicholaievna Manahan, February 12, 1984, commonwealth of Virginia, certificate of death 203–256.

64. Charlottesville Daily Progress, February 15, 1984.

65. Private information to the authors; Lovell, 374.

66. Lovell, 374–375.

67. Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, sworn statement of March 12, 1984, notarized by Brien Horan, chief of the Legal Section of Defense Attaché Office at the United States Embassy, Paris, France, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

68. Brien Horan to the authors.

18. Крушение сказки

1. Kurth, 455, 1984 paperback version.

2. Gill, Ivanov, Kimpton, Piercy, Benson, Tully, Evett, Hagelberg, and Sullivan, 130–135; P. Ivanov et al., 417–420.

3. Syd Mandelbaum to Greg King, e-mail of May 29, 2009.

4. Massie, 194–197.

5. Information from James Blair Lovell to Greg King; Massie, 196.

6. Information from Maurice Philip Remy to the authors.

7. Massie, 197; Charlottesville Daily Progress, November 16, 1993.

8. London Daily Mail, June 24, 1994.

9. Marina Botkin Schweitzer, Petitioner v. Martha Jefferson Hospital, Case No. 8021, Sixteenth Judicial Circuit Court of Virginia in the city of Charlottesville, September 30, 1993.

10. Charlottesville Daily Progress, November 11, 1993; Massie, 210.

11. Charlottesville Daily Progress, June 20, 1994; London Daily Mail, June 24, 1994.

12. Information from Peter Kurth to the authors; Charlottesville Daily Progress, July 30, 1993; Syd Mandelbaum to Greg King, e-mail of May 29, 2009; Susan Grindstaff Burkhart to Greg King, e-mail of June 14, 2009.

13. Susan Grindstaff Burkhart to Greg King, e-mail of June 14, 2009.

14. Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.

15. Ibid.

16. Syd Mandelbaum to Greg King, e-mail of May 29, 2009; Terry Melton to Greg King, e-mail of June 1, 2009.

17. Terry Melton to Greg King, e-mail of June 1, 2009; Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.

18. Ibid.

19. Kurth, 217.

20. Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.

21. Information from Maurice Philip Remy to the authors; Dietmar Wulff to Greg King, e-mail of May 10, 2001; Dr. Charles Ginther to Maurice Philip Remy, letter of September 30, 1994, quoted in Ginther, e-mail to J. A. Hubert, July 6, 2005, posted on the Alexander Palace Time Machine Discussion Forum, at www.alexanderpalace.org, July 9, 2005; Sunday Times of London, October 2, 1994.

22. Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.

23. Susan Grindstaff Burkhart to Greg King, e-mail of June 14, 2009.

19. Девушка из провинции

1. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 24–27.

2. Details of 1900 census, at http://pom-wpru.kerntopf.com/ortedetails/ort_borreck.htm; Willi Heidn, Die Ortschaften des Kreises Karthaus/Westpr., at www.westpreussen.de.

3. Charlotte Meyer to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, letter of February 14, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

4. Davies, 112; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, vii, 4.

5. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 70–71, 88–89, 109–113.

6. Ibid., 70–71.

7. Registry of baptism, entry 196-A, December 24, 1896, Kreis Karthaus, Sullenschin, West Prussia, District Records Office.

8. Davies, 112; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, vii, 4.

9. The drobna szlachta or petty nobility was the lowest of three aristocratic levels in the Polish szlachta, or national nobility; the Czenstkowskis were designated as szlachta zagonowa, the fourth of eight ranks in the petty nobility, indicating that they had received land from the sovereign. Information from Massie; Brzezinski, 1:6–11; Zamoyski, 1–3; www.ka-na.org; Manteuffel, 963–1194; Zajaczkowski, chap.1.

10. Manteuffel, 963–1194; Zajaczkowski, chap. 1.

11. Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

12. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors; Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

13. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177–178. As with her husband’s surname, Marianna’s maiden name has been variously rendered in official documents as «Wilzke.»

14. Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, letter of July 16, 1958, quoting Richard Meyer, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

15. See Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70.

16. Dawson, 86–87.

17. Details of the family’s movements found in census records of 1900, 1905, and 1910, and in birth certificate of Felix Schanzkowsky, dated February 17, 1903, Glischnitz, Kreis Stolp, register entry C-1844, District Record Office; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; testimony of Frau Margarethe Kothe, February 18, 1958, quoting her mother, Frau Martha Borkowski, previously Reetz, née Schrock, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; statement of Anna Thrun, née Kruger, May 30, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

18. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

19. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 31–32, 49–61.

20. Davies, 189; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinksi, 19–22, 74, 99–101; Dawson, 77.

21. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

22. Otto Meyer, statement of April 22, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

23. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

24. Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

25. Charlotte Meyer to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, letter of February 14, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

26. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of November 10, 1937, in Hamburg., XXIV, 74–76; Valerian Schanzkowsky, statement of October 11, 1937, in Hamburg, XXV, 19–21; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 92. A 1910 census of Borowilhas and Borok recorded that of the 611 residents in the area, 527 declared Kashubian to be their primary language, while only 84 listed German as their principal tongue. See http://pom-wpru.kerntopf.com/ortdetails/ort_borreck.htm.

27. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 3–11, 351–353.

28. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

29. http://pom-wpru.kerntopf.com/ortdetails/ort_borreck.htm.

30. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 3–11, 187–190, 339–345; www.ka-na-org.

31. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289.

32. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 187; Fritz Schuricht, testimony of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

33. Testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

34. Gilliard and Savitch, 38.

35. See Massie, 250.

36. Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289; Rathlef-Keilmann, 232–233; Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

37. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

38. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

39. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

40. Richard Meyer, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

41. Franziska Schanzkowski und ihr Leben, 4.

42. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

43. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

44. Herman, 267–282; also see Russell for further discussion.

45. Herman, 272–279; Courtois, 203–208; Herman, Perry, and van der Kolk, 492–494; also see Wyatt and Johnson Powell for further discussion.

46. Martha Borkowski, née Schrock, testimony of May 23, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 563–564; also see testimony of Frau Margarethe Kothe, February 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darm-stadt.

47. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

48. Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

49. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 184.

50. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

51. Heinrich Trapp, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

52. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177.

53. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

54. Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

55. Fritz Schuricht, testimony of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

56. Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

57. These rumors about incest and Marianna’s worries over Franziska came to the attention of Anna Anderson’s legal team during the Hamburg trials, according to Ian Lilburn, but were never explored or introduced into evidence. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

58. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178.

20. Работа на заводе

1. Davis, 2.

2. Dawson, 59–60; Masur, 133.

3. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 16, 1927; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary prepared by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darm-stadt.

4. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

5. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

6. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178.

7. Davis, 34.

8. Ibid., 175.

9. Rosenberg, 91; Davis, 164–165, 170.

10. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Masur, 218.

11. Masur, 272.

12. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Davis, 179.

13. Blucher, 133.

14. London Sunday Times, October 2, 1994; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8 and April 16, 1927.

15. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

16. Robert Crouch to Greg King, e-mail of March 10, 2000.

17. Doris Wingender in Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8 and April 16, 1927; statements of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, and Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

18. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.