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|  Äåíèñ Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ Øåâ÷óê
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|  Àíãëèéñêèé ñëîâàðü ãàçåòíûé äëÿ óñêîðåííîãî èçó÷åíèÿ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà. ×àñòü 2 (2800 ñëîâ)
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   Äåíèñ Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ Øåâ÷óê
   Àíãëèéñêèé ñëîâàðü ãàçåòíûé äëÿ óñêîðåííîãî èçó÷åíèÿ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà. ×àñòü 2 (2800 ñëîâ)


   Îá àâòîðå

   Øåâ÷óê Äåíèñ Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷
   Îïûò ïðåïîäàâàíèÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ äèñöèïëèí â âåäóùèõ ÂÓÇàõ Ìîñêâû (ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå, þðèäè÷åñêèå, òåõíè÷åñêèå, ãóìàíèòàðíûå), äâà âûñøèõ îáðàçîâàíèÿ (ýêîíîìè÷åñêîå è þðèäè÷åñêîå), áîëåå 50 ïóáëèêàöèé (ñòàòüè è êíèãè), ×ëåí Ñîþçà Þðèñòîâ Ìîñêâû, ×ëåí Ñîþçà Æóðíàëèñòîâ Ðîññèè, ×ëåí Ñîþçà Æóðíàëèñòîâ Ìîñêâû, Ñòèïåíäèàò Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÐÔ, îïûò ðàáîòû â áàíêàõ, êîììåð÷åñêèõ è ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ñòðóêòóðàõ (â ò. ÷. íà ðóêîâîäÿùèõ äîëæíîñòÿõ), Çàìåñòèòåëü ãåíåðàëüíîãî äèðåêòîðà INTERFINANCE (êðåäèòíûé áðîêåð, ãðóïïà êîìïàíèé, www.deniskredit.ru).
   Çàêîí÷èë Ìîñêîâñêèé Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé Óíèâåðñèòåò Ãåîäåçèè è Êàðòîãðàôèè (ÌÈÈÃÀèÊ), Ôàêóëüòåò Ýêîíîìèêè è Óïðàâëåíèÿ Òåððèòîðèÿìè (ÔÝÓÒ), Ìåíåäæåð (ìåíåäæìåíò îðãàíèçàöèè) è ÌÃÓ èì. Ì.Â. Ëîìîíîñîâà, Ôðàíöóçñêèé Óíèâåðñèòåòñêèé Êîëëåäæ (Ïðàâî), Êàíäèäàòñêèé ìèíèìóì ïî ñïåöèàëüíîñòè «Ôèíàíñû, äåíåæíîå îáðàùåíèå è êðåäèò», ðÿä ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ êóðñîâ ïî ðàçëè÷íûì îòðàñëÿì çíàíèé, ïîñòîÿííî ïîâûøàåò îáðàçîâàòåëüíûé óðîâåíü â ðàçíûõ ñôåðàõ æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè, óâëåêàåòñÿ õàòõà-éîãîé è ðàçëè÷íûìè âèäàìè ñïîðòà.
   Àâòîð ñîâðåìåííûõ ïðèíöèïîâ óñêîðåííîãî êà÷åñòâåííîãî èçó÷åíèÿ è çàïîìèíàíèÿ ëþáûõ ïðåäìåòîâ.
   Ïðè íàïèñàíèè ðàáîòû àâòîðó îêàçàëè íåîöåíèìóþ ïîìîùü: Øåâ÷óê Âëàäèìèð Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷ (òðè âûñøèõ îáðàçîâàíèÿ, îïûò ðóêîâîäÿùåé ðàáîòû â áàíêàõ, êîììåð÷åñêèõ è ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ñòðóêòóðàõ), Øåâ÷óê Íèíà Ìèõàéëîâíà (äâà âûñøèõ îáðàçîâàíèÿ, îïûò ðóêîâîäÿùåé ðàáîòû â êîììåð÷åñêèõ è ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ ñòðóêòóðàõ), Øåâ÷óê Àëåêñàíäð Ëüâîâè÷ (äâà âûñøèõ îáðàçîâàíèÿ, èìååò áîëüøèå äîñòèæåíèÿ â íàó÷íîé è ïðàêòè÷åñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè).
   Àâòîð òàêæå ïîëüçîâàëñÿ êîíñóëüòàöèÿìè ñîòðóäíèêîâ âåäóùèõ ÂÓÇîâ è îðãàíèçàöèé ã. Ìîñêâû è ã. Æåëåçíîäîðîæíûé Ìîñêîâñêîé îáë. (â ò. ÷. ìèêðîðàéîí Ïàâëèíî).


   Ïðåäèñëîâèå
   Êàê çàãîâîðèòü íà àíãëèéñêîì

   ß âñïîìèíàþ, êàê ìíîãî ëåò íàçàä â Ìîñêâå â ñðåäå ëþäåé, óâëåêàâøèõñÿ èçó÷åíèåì àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà, ïîñòîÿííî ñëûøàëèñü æàëîáû íà îòñóòñòâèå ïðàêòèêè. Êòî áû ìîã òîãäà ïðåäñòàâèòü ñåáå, ÷òî äëÿ äåñÿòêîâ òûñÿ÷ ëþäåé, è íå ãîä è íå äâà óæå ïðîæèâøèõ â Àìåðèêå, âîçìîæíîñòü ñâîáîäíî èçúÿñíÿòüñÿ ïî-àíãëèéñêè îñòàíåòñÿ êàìíåì ïðåòêíîâåíèÿ. È êîãäà ìû íà÷èíàåì ðàçìûøëÿòü, êàê ðàçâèòü ðàçãîâîðíûå íàâûêè, ïåðåä íàìè, êàê âîäèòñÿ, ñòîÿò äâà èçâå÷íûõ ðîññèéñêèõ âîïðîñà (íà íîâûé ëàä): «×òî ó÷èòü?» è «Êàê çàïîìíèòü?»
   Íà÷íåì ñ ïåðâîãî èç íèõ. Ìíå óæå ïðèõîäèëîñü ïèñàòü, ÷òî ÷àñòî âûñêà-çûâàåìîå îáèõîäíîå ìíåíèå – «ãðàììàòèêà, ñåðüåçíàÿ ðàáîòà íàä ñëîâàðíûì çàïàñîì – ýòî ãëóáèíû ÿçûêà, à äëÿ ðàçãîâîðà õâàòèò òîãî, ÷òî ïîïðîùå» – â êîðíå íåâåðíî. Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî îòäåëüíûå ýëåìåíòû áûòîâûõ äèàëîãîâ ìîãóò áûòü âåñüìà ïðîñòû, ðåàëüíûé ðàçãîâîð ñ åãî íåïðåäñêàçóåìîñòüþ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñàìûì ñëîæíûì ÿçûêîâûì óìåíèåì, ò. ê. îí òðåáóåò ñèíòåçà âñåõ ïðî÷èõ çíàíèé è íàâûêîâ. Ïîíèìàíèå íà ñëóõ, ðåàëüíîå óñâîåíèå ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ ñòðóêòóð (áîëüøèíñòâî ëþäåé íå ïîìíèò ïðàâèë ðîäíîãî ÿçûêà, íî ìãíîâåííî îòëè÷àåò âåðíóþ êîíñòðóêöèþ îò íåâåðíîé), óìåíèå óïîòðåáèòü íóæíîå ñëîâî – âñå ýòî êèðïè÷èêè, êîòîðûå ñîñòàâëÿþò ôóíäàìåíò ïîëíîöåííîé ðå÷è.
   Äîïóñòèì, âàì íàäî ñêàçàòü ïî-àíãëèéñêè òàêîå ïðåäëîæåíèå: «Âû äîëæíû óìåòü ïðî÷åñòü ýòîò òåêñò». Åñëè âû íå çíàêîìû ñ ïðîñòûì ïðàâèëîì àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêè – äâà ìîäàëüíûõ ãëàãîëà íå ìîãóò ñòîÿòü â îäíîé ôðàçå (ò. å. îäèí èç íèõ äîëæåí áûòü çàìåíåí ñâîèì ýêâèâàëåíòîì) – òðóäíî ïðåäñòàâèòü, êàê âû ïðàâèëüíî ñêàæåòå «You must be able to read this text». Àíàëîãè÷íûé ïðèìåð: «I won’t be able to do it». – «ß íå ñìîãó ñäåëàòü ýòî». Êîíå÷íî, â ãðàììàòèêå åñòü è âòîðîñòåïåííûå äåòàëè, åñòü ñëîæíûå ëèòåðàòóðíûå êîí-ñòðóêöèè, êîòîðûå íå âñåì íóæíû, íî áåç áàçû, «êîñòÿêà» ãðàììàòèêè ñàìûå ïðîñòûå ôðàçû ïðåâðàùàþòñÿ â «êàøó», íàáîð ñëîâ. Êñòàòè, ýòà áàçà íå òàê óæ âåëèêà è ñëîæíà, êàê ýòî èíîãäà ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ.
   Ïåðåéäåì òåïåðü êî âòîðîé ñîñòàâëÿþùåé ðå÷è – ñëîâàðíîìó çàïàñó. Ïîâñåäíåâíûå ðàçãîâîðû (íà ëþáîì ÿçûêå) îáõîäÿòñÿ âåñüìà îãðàíè÷åííûì çàïàñîì ñëîâ (ìíîãèå èñòî÷íèêè ïðèâîäÿò öèôðû îêîëî ïîëóòîðà-äâóõ òûñÿ÷ ñëîâ). Äàæå òûñÿ÷à âàæíåéøèõ ñëîâ, åñëè âû èìè âëàäååòå ïîëíîöåííî, äàñò âàì øèðîêèå âîçìîæíîñòè â ðàçãîâîðå. Îäíàêî äàâàéòå ïîñìîòðèì, ÷òî îçíà÷àåò «âûó÷èòü ñëîâî».
   Âîò êàçàëîñü áû ñîâñåì ïðîñòîå ñëîâî: care – çàáîòà; óõîä; âíèìàíèå;â ðîññèéñêîé øêîëå åãî ó÷èëè íà ïåðâîì ãîäó îáó÷åíèÿ, îäíàêî óïîòðåáëåíèå åãî äëÿ íàñ ñîâåðøåííî íåïðèâû÷íî. Ïðèâåäåì ïðèìåðû:
   He is under the care of a physician. – Îí íàõîäèòñÿ ïîä íàáëþäåíèåì âðà÷à.
   Take care when you cross the street. – Áóäüòå îñòîðîæíû, êîãäà ïåðåõîäèòå óëèöó.
   Mr. Smith, care of Mr. Jones. – (íà ïèñüìå) Ì-ðó Ñìèòó, íà àäðåñ ì-ðà Äæîíñà.
   Ãëàãîë care, êàê ÷àñòî áûâàåò, ïðèâíîñèò äîïîëíèòåëüíûå òðóäíîñòè:
   She cares for her brother. – Îíà óõàæèâàåò çà ñâîèì áðàòîì.
   She cares about her sister. – Îíà ïåðåæèâàåò î ñâîåé ñåñòðå.
   I don’t care what they say. – Ìíå âñå ðàâíî, ÷òî îíè ãîâîðÿò.
   Will he come? – Who cares? – Îí ïðèäåò? – Êîãî ýòî âîëíóåò?
   Åñëè âû çíàåòå òîëüêî «ïðîñòîé» ïåðåâîä ñëîâà, îí ìîæåò ïîìî÷ü âàì ïðè ÷òåíèè, êîãäà ó âàñ åñòü âðåìÿ ðàçäóìûâàòü è ñòðîèòü äîãàäêè; â ñïåøêå æå ðàçãîâîðíîé ðå÷è îí ïðàêòè÷åñêè áåñïîëåçåí.  ðàçãîâîðå òðåáóåòñÿ çíàòü îáðàçåö óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ñëîâà – êàê è ñ êàêèìè ñëîâàìè îíî ñî÷åòàåòñÿ. Ýòîò âûâîä î÷åíü âàæåí ïðàêòè÷åñêè; îí îáúÿñíÿåò, ïî÷åìó ÷àùå âñåãî «ãîëàÿ çóáðåæêà» ñëîâ (òðàäèöèîííûìè èëè íîâîìîäíûìè ñïîñîáàìè) ìàëî ïðîäâèãàåò ðàçãîâîðíóþ ðå÷ü.
   Â äàëüíåéøåì, íà ïðîäâèíóòîì ýòàïå èçó÷åíèÿ ÿçûêà ìû ïîíèìàåì, ÷òî ðå÷è íåîáõîäèì ýëåìåíò îáðàçíîñòè (èäèîìû, ñðàâíåíèÿ è ò. ä.), èíà÷å îíà ïîëó÷àåòñÿ íåâûðàçèòåëüíîé, îäíîîáðàçíîé. Ðàñøèðÿåòñÿ ñïèñîê íåîáõîäèìûõ ñëîâ è êîíñòðóêöèé. Èíòåðåñíî, ÷òî èìåííî íà ïðîäâèíóòîì ýòàïå â ïîëíîé ìåðå îñîçíàåòñÿ ïðîáëåìà óïîòðåáëåíèÿ ïðåäëîãîâ. Âàæíà òàêæå, õîòÿ áû â ìèíèìàëüíûõ îáúåìàõ, ñèíîíèìèÿ ñëîâ – óìåíèå â íóæíûé ìîìåíò çàìåíèòü ñëîâî íà ðàâíîçíà÷íîå – â ðîäíîì ÿçûêå ìû ýòî äåëàåì ïîñòîÿííî è ñ ëåãêîñòüþ.
   Íî êàê æå âñå ýòî çàïîìíèòü âçðîñëîìó ÷åëîâåêó? Ïî÷åìó ðàçâèòèå ðàçãîâîðíûõ íàâûêîâ, êîòîðîå ëåãêî è åñòåñòâåííî ïðîèñõîäèò ó äåòåé, âûçûâàåò òàêèå òðóäíîñòè ó âçðîñëûõ? Îäíà èç ïðè÷èí, íà ìîé âçãëÿä, çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â òîì, ÷òî ñ âîçðàñòîì ðåçêî óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ ðàçðûâ ìåæäó ïàññèâíûì è àêòèâíûì çàïîìèíàíèåì ÿçûêîâîãî ìàòåðèàëà. Æèâàÿ ðå÷ü òðåáóåò àêòèâíî óñâîåííûõ êîíñòðóêöèé, êîòîðûå ëåãêî âûçûâàþòñÿ èç ïàìÿòè, êàê áû ñàìè «ïðèõîäÿò íà óì». À òî, ÷òî âû ÷èòàåòå èëè ñëûøèòå, ëîæèòñÿ â «ïàññèâíûé îòñåê» âàøåé ïàìÿòè. ×òî æå èç ýòîãî ñëåäóåò?
   Ïñèõîëîãàì õîðîøî èçâåñòíî, äà è æèçíåííûé îïûò ýòî ïîäòâåðæäàåò, ÷òî ëó÷øå óñâàèâàåòñÿ òà èíôîðìàöèÿ, êîòîðàÿ ýìîöèîíàëüíî çíà÷èìà äëÿ íàñ, îñíîâàíà íà âàøèõ ñîáñòâåííûõ ïðîáàõ è îøèáêàõ. Âñïîìíèòå, êàê âû ó÷èëè àðèôìåòèêó. Ïî÷åìó âî âñåõ çàäà÷íèêàõ îòâåòû «ñïðÿòàíû» â êîíöå? Ïîòîìó ÷òî îòâåò, ïîëó÷åííûé ñðàçó, áåç ñîáñòâåííûõ óñèëèé, íå çàïîìèíàåòñÿ äàæå ðåáåíêîì.  ïàìÿòè çàêðåïëÿåòñÿ òîëüêî òîò îòâåò, êîòîðûé ÿâèëñÿ ðåçóëüòàòîì âàøåãî ñîáñòâåííîãî ïîèñêà. ÏÎÈÑÊ – âîò êëþ÷ ê çàïîìèíàíèþ. Çà íèì äîëæíà ñëåäîâàòü ÏÐÎÂÅÐÊÀ îòâåòà. Çäåñü-òî è âêëþ÷àþòñÿ âàøè ýìîöèè.
   Â èçó÷åíèè ÿçûêà ýòîò ïðèíöèï íåÿâíî èñïîëüçîâàëñÿ â ìåòîäå îáðàòíîãî ïåðåâîäà. Èìåííî ïî ýòîìó ìåòîäó Øëèìàí âûó÷èë ïÿòü ÿçûêîâ, òàê ó÷èë ÿçûêè Ëóíà÷àðñêèé è ìíîãèå äðóãèå èçâåñòíûå ëþäè. Îá ýòîì ìåòîäå õîäèëè ëåãåíäû.  ÇÎ-å ãîäû îí áûë ïîñòàâëåí íà ñîâðåìåííóþ îñíîâó àíãëèéñêèìè ëèíãâèñòàìè, è ñ òåõ ïîð ïîêàçûâàë áëåñòÿùèå ðåçóëüòàòû. Âàæíî ïîä÷åðêíóòü, ÷òî ýòîò ìåòîä ýôôåêòèâåí èìåííî äëÿ âçðîñëûõ ëþäåé, äëÿ êîòîðûõ íåîáõîäèìà «ïðèâÿçêà» ê ëîãèêå ðîäíîãî ÿçûêà. Òå îñîáûå ñïîñîáíîñòè, êîòîðûìè îáëàäàþò äåòè â óñâîåíèè ðîäíîãî ÿçûêà, ïîñòåïåííî è áåçâîçâðàòíî òåðÿþòñÿ â ïîäðîñòêîâîì âîçðàñòå, ïîýòîìó ïîïûòêè «ñêîïèðîâàòü äåòñêîå îáó÷åíèå» ó âçðîñëûõ, íåñìîòðÿ íà âñå òåîðåòè÷åñêèå äîâîäû, ïðèâîäÿò íà ïðàêòèêå òîëüêî ê ïîòåðå âðåìåíè.
   Ìîäèôèêàöèþ ìåòîäà îáðàòíîãî ïåðåâîäà, ñïåöèàëüíî ñîçäàííóþ äëÿ ðàçâèòèÿ ðàçãîâîðíûõ íàâûêîâ ðóññêîÿçû÷íûõ ó÷åíèêîâ, ñ èõ îñîáåííîñòÿìè ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêîãî è ñëóõîâîãî âîñïðèÿòèÿ, ÿ íàçâàë ìåòîäèêîé «Èíäóêöèè ðå÷è».
   Ñóòü åå – â ñëåäóþùåì. Ìàòåðèàëû, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå äëÿ óñâîåíèÿ (ðàçãîâîðíûå êîíñòðóêöèè, çàïèñàííûå íà ïëåíêó äèàëîãè, êîíòðîëüíûå ðàáîòû) ñîçäàíû ñîâìåñòíî ñ àìåðèêàíñêèìè ñïåöèàëèñòàìè. Ñòóäåíò ïîëó÷àåò ýòàï ÏÎÈÑÊÀ (çäåñü ìîæíî). È, íàêîíåö, òðåòèé ýòàï – ÏÐÎÂÅÐÊÀ – ñòóäåíò ñâåðÿåò ñâîé òåêñò ñ îðèãèíàëîì. Ýòî – î÷åíü âàæíûé ìîìåíò, îí ïðîâåðÿåò íå ÷óæîé òåêñò, à ñâîè äîãàäêè è ïðåäïîëîæåíèÿ; à ýòî óæå ýìîöèîíàëüíûé ïðîöåññ. Ýòè ýìîöèè ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê êàæäîé ïðîðàáîòàííîé ôðàçå è åñòü êëþ÷ ê çàïîìèíàíèþ ó âçðîñëîãî ÷åëîâåêà.
   Ðåçóëüòàò – ðàçãîâîðíûå êîíñòðóêöèè ëîæàòñÿ â àêòèâíóþ ïàìÿòü; èíäóöèðóþò (ò. å. âûçûâàþò) ïðàâèëüíóþ ðå÷ü. Ïðîöåññ âûðàáîòêè ðàçãîâîðíûõ íàâûêîâ êàê áû «ïðîêðó÷èâàåòñÿ íà ìàëîé ñêîðîñòè» ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì àíàëèçîì è êîððåêöèåé îøèáîê, ÷òî î÷åíü ðåäêî óäàåòñÿ â ðåàëüíîì îáùåíèè. Çàòåì ñòóäåíò ïðîñëóøèâàåò çâóêîçàïèñü èñõîäíîãî àíãëèéñêîãî òåêñòà, çàêðåïëÿÿ ïðè ýòîì ïðîéäåííûé ìàòåðèàë â ñëóõîâîé ïàìÿòè.
   Çäåñü ÿ ïðåäâèæó ñêåïòè÷åñêèé âîïðîñ: ðàçâå ìîæíî ó÷èòüñÿ ðàçãîâîðó çà ïèñüìåííûì ñòîëîì? Íå ñïåøèòå ñ îòâåòîì – íå òîëüêî ìîæíî, íî è íóæíî. Íàäî òîëüêî íå ïóòàòü äâà ïðîöåññà – ó÷åíèå è ïðàêòèêó. Êàê ðàç ïðàêòèêà ìîæåò áûòü òîëüêî «æèâîé», íàñòîÿùåé. Çàíÿòèÿ ñ ó÷èòåëåì, òðåíèðîâêà ñ äðóçüÿìè, ëþáîé ðàçãîâîð «ïîíàðîøêó» – ýòî íå åñòü ïðàêòèêà, ýòî âñå ðàâíî ó÷åíèå, õîòÿ è íå âñåãäà ïðîäóìàííîå. Äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû áûòü óñïåøíîé, ïðàêòèêà äîëæíà áûòü õîðîøî ïîäãîòîâëåíà, èíà÷å ïàíèêà è ñòðàõ, êàê ÷åðíîé êðàñêîé, çàìàçûâàþò âñþ ýìîöèîíàëüíóþ êàðòèíó æèâîãî ðàçãîâîðà.
   Îïèñàííûé âûøå ìåòîä ðàçâèòèÿ ðàçãîâîðíûõ íàâûêîâ â 3–4 ðàçà óñêîðÿåò ïðîöåññ ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêîé ðàçãîâîðíîé ðå÷è. Áåçóñëîâíî, êàæäûé óðîâåíü èçó÷åíèÿ ÿçûêà èìååò ñâîè îñîáåííîñòè. Çàäà÷à íà÷àëüíîãî êóðñà – ñäåëàòü ðå÷ü ãðàìîòíîé, ïðàâèëüíîé íà ìàòåðèàëå äèàëîãîâ «íà âñå ñëó÷àè æèçíè». Çàäà÷à æå ïðîäîëæåííîãî êóðñà – ñäåëàòü ðå÷ü ïîëíîöåííîé, ðàçâèòü âîçìîæíîñòü óâåðåííî âûðàæàòü ñâîè ìûñëè. Ó âçðîñëîãî ÷åëîâåêà ñêîðîñòü îñâîåíèÿ ðàçãîâîðíîé ðå÷è âïðÿìóþ çàâèñèò îò ýôôåêòèâíîñòè èçáðàííîé ñèñòåìû îáó÷åíèÿ. Íè÷åãî èíîãî íå äàíî. Íà ÷óäåñà íàäåÿòüñÿ íå ñòîèò.
   Îäèí èç ñïîñîáîâ òðåíèðîâàòü èí. ÿçûê – îáó÷àòü èíîñòðàíöåâ ðóññêîìó ÿçûêó, ðóññêîé ëèòåðàòóðå, ôèëîñîôèè è èñòîðèè Ðîññèè (äëÿ ÷åãî ñòîèò ïîâûøàòü èõ çíàíèå).
   Äåíèñ Øåâ÷óê

   Ìåíåäæåð – íàåìíûé óïðàâëåíåö, íà÷àëüíèê!
   Åñëè ó âàñ íåò íè îäíîãî ïîä÷èíåííîãî – âû íå ìåíåäæåð,
   à ìàêñèìóì ñïåöèàëèñò!
   Äåíèñ Øåâ÷óê

   Çàìå÷åíî, ÷òî ìíîãèå ëþäè íå çíàþò ýëåìåíòàðíûõ ïðàâèë ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà, íàïðèìåð:
   1. Êîëè÷åñòâî êàâû÷åê âñåãäà äîëæíî áûòü ÷åòíûì, êàê ñêîáêè â ìàòåìàòèêå.
   Ðÿäîì ñòîÿùèå êàâû÷êè ìîãóò áûòü äâóõ âèäîâ – "…" è «…» (ëàïêè è åëî÷êè).
   Ïðàâèëüíî: "ñëîâà «ñëîâà»" èëè «ñëîâà "ñëîâà"»
   Íåïðàâèëüíî: «ñëîâà»» è "ñëîâà "ñëîâà"
   Ýòè îøèáêè åñòü äàæå â íàçâàíèÿõ êðóïíûõ ôèðì è íåêîòîðûõ ñòàòüÿõ è êíèæêàõ.
   2. Åñëè â êîíöå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ åñòü èíôîðìàöèÿ â ñêîáêàõ, òî÷êà ñòàâèòñÿ ïîñëå ñêîáîê, íå ñòàâèòñÿ ïåðåä ñêîáêàìè è âíóòðè ïåðåä çàêðûâàþùåé ñêîáêîé.
   Ïðàâèëüíî: ñëîâà (ñëîâà).
   Íåïðàâèëüíî: ñëîâà. (ñëîâà.)
   Äåíèñ Øåâ÷óê
   www.deniskredit.ru


   Ñëîâàðü

   abolish – îòìåíÿòü
   absent – îòñóòñòâóþùèé
   abstention – âîçäåðæàíèå
   abuse – çëîóïîòðåáëÿòü
   abusive – îñêîðáèòåëüíûé
   academic – àêàäåìè÷åñêèé
   acceptable – ïðèåìëåìûé
   acclaim – ïðîâîçãëàøàòü
   accomplish – âûïîëíÿòü
   accord – ñîãëàñèå
   accordance – ñîîòâåòñòâèå
   accordingly – ñîîòâåòñòâåííî
   accountability – îòâåòñòâåííîñòü
   accountable – îòâåòñòâåííûé
   accusation – îáâèíåíèå
   ace – î÷êî
   acknowledgement – äîñòèæåíèå
   acquisition – ïðèîáðåòåíèå
   acquit – îïðàâäûâàòü
   acre – àêð
   across – ïîïåðåê
   actively – àêòèâíî, äåÿòåëüíî
   acute – îñòðûé, ïðîíèöàòåëüíûé
   adaptation – ïðèñïîñîáëåíèå
   adequacy – äîñòàòî÷íîñòü
   adhere – òâåðäî äåðæàòüñÿ
   adjoin – ïðèìûêàòü
   adjourn – îòñðî÷èòü
   adjournment – îòñðî÷êà, ïåðåðûâ
   adjust – óëàæèâàòü
   adjustment – ðåãóëèðîâàíèå
   administer – óïðàâëÿòü
   administrator – àäìèíèñòðàòîð
   admirable – çàìå÷àòåëüíûé
   admiralty – àäìèðàëòåéñòâî
   admire – âîñõèùàòüñÿ
   advancement – ïðîäâèæåíèå
   adverse – âðàæäåáíûé
   adversely – âðàæäåáíî
   advise – ñîâåòîâàòü
   adviser – ñîâåòíèê
   affected – ïîðàæåííûé
   affection – ïðèâÿçàííîñòü, ëþáîâü
   affidavit – ïèñüìåííîå ïîêàçàíèå
   affiliated – ïðèñîåäèíåííûé
   affiliation – ïðèåì â ÷ëåíû
   affirm – óòâåðæäàòü
   affray – ïóãàòü
   affront – îñêîðáëåíèå
   afraid – èñïóãàííûé
   agenda – ïîâåñòêà äíÿ
   aggravate – óõóäøàòü
   aggregate – ñîâîêóïíîñòü
   aggression – àãðåññèÿ
   aggressive – àãðåññèâíûé
   aggressor – àãðåññîð
   agrarian – àãðàðíûé
   agreeable – ïðèÿòíûé, ìèëûé
   aid – ïîìîùü, ïîìîãàòü
   ailing – áîëüíîé
   airborne – àâèàöèîííûé
   airliner – ëàéíåð
   airplane – ñàìîëåò
   Algerian – àëæèðåö, àëæèðñêèé
   alike – ïîäîáíûé
   alive – æèâîé
   allegedly – ïî óòâåðæäåíèþ
   alleviate – ñìÿã÷àòü
   allocate – ïðåäíàçíà÷àòü
   alongside – áîê î áîê
   Alpine – àëüïèéñêèé
   a. m. – äî ïîëóäíÿ
   amaze – èçóìëÿòü, ïîðàæàòü
   ambition – ÷åñòîëþáèå
   ambitious – ÷åñòîëþáèâûé
   amenity – ïðåëåñòü
   amuse – ðàçâëåêàòü
   anarchist – àíàðõèñò
   ancillary – ïîä÷èíåííûé
   angel – àíãåë
   Anglican – àíãëèêàíñêèé
   Angolan – àíãîëüñêèé
   annually – åæåãîäíî
   anomaly – àíîìàëèÿ
   anonymous – àíîíèìíûé
   antagonism – àíòàãîíèçì
   antique – äðåâíèé
   anxiety – áåñïîêîéñòâî
   anybody – êòî-íèáóäü, ëþáîé
   anyway – âî ÷òî áû òî íè ñòàëî
   anywhere – âåçäå, âñþäó
   apartment – êâàðòèðà, êîìíàòà
   apiece – ïîøòó÷íî
   apologize – èçâèíÿòüñÿ
   appalling – óæàñíûé, ïëà÷åâíûé
   apparatus – àïïàðàò
   appreciable – çàìåòíî, îùóòèìî
   appreciate – îöåíèâàòü
   apprentice – ó÷åíèê
   appropriation – ïðèñâîåíèå
   approximately – ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî
   arch – àðêà, äóãà
   archduke – ýðöãåðöîã
   architect – àðõèòåêòîð
   arm – ðóêà
   armament – âîîðóæåíèå
   articulate – îò÷åòëèâî ïðîèçíîñèòü
   artificial – èñêóññòâåííûé
   artillery – àðòèëëåðèÿ
   artistic – àðòèñòè÷åñêèé
   Asian – àçèàò, àçèàòñêèé
   aside – â ñòîðîíå
   asleep – ñïÿùèé
   asphyxiation – àñôèêñèÿ, óäóøüå (ìåä.)
   aspiration – ñòðåìëåíèå
   assassination – óáèéñòâî
   assemble – ñîçûâàòü
   EEC – Åâðîïåéñêîå ýêîíîìè÷åñêîå ñîîáùåñòâî
   assertion – óòâåðæäåíèå
   assess – îïðåäåëÿòü ðàçìåð íàëîãà
   assessment – îáëîæåíèå
   asset – èìóùåñòâî
   assign – íàçíà÷àòü
   assignment – íàçíà÷åíèå
   assumption – ïðåäïîëîæåíèå
   asylum – óáåæèùå, ïðèþò
   atmospheric – àòìîñôåðíûé
   attain – äîñòèãàòü
   attraction – ïðèòÿæåíèå
   attribute – ïðèïèñûâàòü
   auditorium – çðèòåëüíûé çàë
   austerity – ñòðîãîñòü
   Australian – àâñòðàëèåö
   Austrian – àâñòðèéñêèé
   authorize – ñàíêöèîíèðîâàòü
   auto – àâòîìîáèëü
   automatic – àâòîìàòè÷åñêèé
   automatically – àâòîìàòè÷åñêè
   automation – àâòîìàòèçàöèÿ
   automobile – àâòîìîáèëü
   autonomy – àâòîíîìèÿ
   avert – ïðåäîòâðàùàòü
   await – æäàòü
   awkward – íåóêëþæèé
   backer – ñòîðîííèê
   backlog – íåâûïîëíåííûå çàêàçû
   backstreet – ãëóõàÿ óëèöà
   bacon – áåêîí
   badge – çíà÷îê, ñèìâîë
   bag – ìåøîê, ñóìêà
   bail – ïîðó÷èòåëüñòâî
   baker – ïåêàðü, áóëî÷íèê
   bakery – ïåêàðíÿ
   balanced – óðàâíîâåøåííûé
   balcony – áàëêîí
   ballistic – áàëëèñòè÷åñêèé
   banish – âûñûëàòü
   banquet – áàíêåò
   barber – ïàðèêìàõåð
   bare – îáíàæåííûé
   barely – òîëüêî, åäâà
   barley – ÿ÷ìåíü
   barn – àìáàð
   baroness – áàðîíåññà
   barrack – áàðàê, êàçàðìà
   barrage – çàãðàæäåíèå
   barricade – áàððèêàäà
   barrier – áàðüåð
   barrister – àäâîêàò
   base – íèçêèé, íèæíèé
   baseman – áåéñìåí
   basement – îñíîâàíèå
   bat – ëåòó÷àÿ ìûøü
   bath – êóïàíèå
   batsman – èãðîê ñ áèòîé
   batter – ñèëüíî áèòü
   bazaar – áàçàð
   beach – áåðåã, ïëÿæ
   beam – ñâÿòèòü
   bear – ìåäâåäü
   beard – áîðîäà
   bearded – áîðîäàòûé
   beat – óäàð, áèòü
   beaten – áèòûé
   beating – ïîðàæåíèå
   beautifully – êðàñèâî, ïðåêðàñíî
   bedside – ïîñòåëü
   bee – ï÷åëà
   beef – ãîâÿäèíà
   beekeeper – ï÷åëîâîä
   beer – ïèâî
   beginner – íîâè÷îê
   behave – âåñòè ñåáÿ
   being – ñóùåñòâîâàíèå
   bell – êîëîêîë, çâîíîê
   beneath – íèæå, ïîä
   beneficiary – ñâÿùåííèê
   benefit – âûãîäà, ïðèíîñèòü ïîëüçó
   berry – ÿãîäà
   beset – îêðóæàòü
   best-seller – áåñòñåëëåð
   betray – ïðåäàâàòü
   betrayal – ïðåäàòåëüñòâî
   bias – óêëîí, íàêëîí, ñêëîíÿòü
   Bible – áèáëèÿ
   bidder – âûñòóïàþùèé íà òîðãàõ
   bidding – ïîíèæåíèå öåíû
   bike – âåëîñèïåä
   bill – îáúÿâëÿòü â àôèøàõ
   bird – ïòèöà
   birdie – ïòè÷êà
   bit – îáóçäàòü
   bite – êóñàòü
   black – ÷åðíûé, óæàñíûé, çëîé
   black-out – çàòåìíåíèå
   blame – ïîðèöàíèå, ïîðèöàòü
   blank – ïóñòîé, ÷èñòûé
   blatant – êðèêëèâûé
   blaze – ãîðåòü ÿðêèì ïëàìåíåì
   bleak – óíûëûé, ìðà÷íûé
   blind – ñëåïîé
   blockade – áëîêàäà
   blonde – áëîíäèí
   blood – êðîâü
   bloody – êðîâàâûé
   blow – äóòü, óäàð, ïîðûâ âåòðà
   blue – ñèíèé, ãîëóáîé
   blueprint – ñèíüêà
   blunt – ïðèòóïëÿòü
   board – ñòîëîâàòüñÿ
   boast – õâàñòîâñòâî, õâàñòàòü
   bodyguard – ëè÷íàÿ îõðàíà
   boil – êèïÿòèòü
   bolt – ìîëíèÿ
   bombardment – áîìáàðäèðîâêà
   bomber – áîìáàðäèðîâùèê
   bombing – áîìáàðäèðîâêà
   bond – îáÿçàòåëüñòâî
   bone – êîñòü
   booking – ïðîäàæà áèëåòîâ
   book-shop – êíèæíûé ìàãàçèí
   boom – áóì, øóìèõà, áûñòðî ðàñòè
   boost – ïîâûøåíèå, ïîâûøàòü
   boot – áîòèíîê
   booth – êèîñê, ïàëàòêà
   border – ãðàíèöà, êðàé, ãðàíè÷èòü
   bore – ñâåðëèòü
   born – ïðèðîæäåííûé
   borrow – çàèìñòâîâàòü
   bother – íàäîåäàòü
   bottle – áóòûëêà
   boulevard – áóëüâàð
   bounce – îòñêàêèâàòü
   bound – íåñâîáîäíûé
   boundary – ãðàíèöà
   bourgeois – áóðæóàçíûé
   bow – ïîêëîí
   bowl – ðåçåðâóàð
   bowler – èãðîê â øàðû
   boxing – áîêñ
   boycott – áîéêîò, áîéêîòèðîâàòü
   brain – ìîçã
   brass – ëàòóíü
   brave – õðàáðûé, áðàâèðîâàòü, õðàáðî âñòðå÷àòü
   bravely – ñìåëî
   brawl – ñêàíäàëèòü
   breach – áðåøü, ïðîáèâàòü áðåøü
   breadth – øèðèíà, ïîëîòíèùå
   breakfast – çàâòðàê
   break-up – ðàçâàë, ðàñïàä
   breed – ïîðîæäàòü
   breeder – ïðîèçâîäèòåëü
   breeding – ðàçâåäåíèå
   brewery – ïèâîâàðåííûé çàâîä
   bribery – âçÿòî÷íè÷åñòâî
   brick – êèðïè÷
   bride – íåâåñòà
   brides-maid – ïîäðóæêà íåâåñòû
   bridge – ìîñò, ñîåäèíÿòü ìîñòîì
   briefly – êðàòêî, ñæàòî
   brigade – áðèãàäà
   brighten – î÷èùàòü
   brilliance – ÿðêîñòü
   brilliant – áëåñòÿùèé
   broadcast – âåùàíèå, ïåðåäàâàòü ïî ðàäèî
   broadly – øèðîêî
   brokerage – ìàêëåðñòâî
   bronze – áðîíçà
   brown – êîðè÷íåâûé
   brutality – æåñòîêîñòü
   brutally – ãðóáî, æåñòîêî
   buccaneer – ïèðàò
   budge – øåâåëèòüñÿ
   bug – óñòàíàâëèâàòü ïîòàéíûå ìèêðîôîíû
   bulk – ìàññà, îáúåì
   bull – áûê
   bullet – ïóëÿ
   bullfight – áîé áûêîâ
   bullock – âîë
   bum – áåçäåëüíèê, áðîäÿãà
   bunker – áóíêåð
   bureaucracy – áþðîêðàòèÿ
   burglary – íî÷íàÿ êðàæà ñî âçëîìîì
   burial – ïîõîðîíû
   burst – âçðûâ
   bush – êóñò
   butcher – ìÿñíèê
   butter – ìàñëî
   button – ïóãîâèöà
   cabin – êàáèíà
   cadet – êóðñàíò âîåííîãî ó÷èëèùà
   calling – ïðèçâàíèå
   calm – ñïîêîéíûé
   cameraman – ôîòîðåïîðòåð
   campaigner – ó÷àñòíèê êàìïàíèè
   camper – óãîëü ñ ïðèìåñüþ
   campus – òåððèòîðèÿ óíèâåðñèòåòà
   can – áàíêà, æåñòÿíêà
   Canadian – êàíàäåö
   cancel – àííóëèðîâàòü
   cancellation – àííóëèðîâàíèå
   cancer – ðàê
   candid – èñêðåííèé
   cane – òðîñòíèê, áèòü ïàëêîé
   canister – êàíèñòðà
   cannon – ïóøêà, îðóäèå
   canteen – ñòîëîâàÿ
   canvas – õîëñò
   canyon – êàíüîí
   cap – øàïêà
   cape – ìûñ
   capsule – îáîëî÷êà
   captain (Capt.) – êàïèòàí
   caravan – ôóðãîí
   card – êàðòà
   cardinal – êàðäèíàë
   careful – çàáîòëèâûé
   cargo – ãðóç
   carpenter – ïëîòíèê
   carrying – ïåðåâîçêà
   cartel – êàðòåëü
   carve – âûðåçàòü
   cash – íàëè÷íûå äåíüãè, êàññà
   cast – áðîñàòü
   category – êàòåãîðèÿ
   cater – ïîñòàâëÿòü ïðîâèçèþ
   cathedral – ñîáîð
   cattle – êðóïíûé ðîãàòûé ñêîò
   caution – îñòîðîæíîñòü
   cautions – îñòîðîæíûé
   'cello – âèîëîí÷åëü
   censorship – öåíçóðà
   censure – îñóæäåíèå
   central – òåëåôîííàÿ ñòàíöèÿ
   centralism – öåíòðàëèçì
   centralize – öåíòðàëèçîâàòü
   cereal – õëåáíûé çëàê
   cessation – ïðåêðàùåíèå
   chair – ñòóë
   chaired – èçáðàííûé ïðåäñåäàòåëåì
   chairmanship – îáÿçàííîñòè ïðåäñåäàòåëÿ
   champagne – øàìïàíñêîå
   channel – êàíàë
   charade – øàðàäà
   charitable – áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíûé, ìèëîñåðäíûé
   charity – ìèëîñåðäèå, áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíîñòü
   charm – îáàÿíèå, ïðåëåñòü, î÷àðîâûâàòü
   Charterhouse – ×àðòåðõàóñ (äîì ïðåñòàðåëûõ â Ëîíäîíå)
   chase – ïîãîíÿ, îõîòà
   cheaply – äåøåâî, ëåãêî
   check – îñòàíàâëèâàòü, ïðåïÿòñòâîâàòü
   cheek – ùåêà
   cheer – ïðèâåòñòâîâàòü ãðîìêèìè âîçãëàñàìè
   cheerful – áîäðûé, âåñåëûé
   chemicals – õèìèêàëèè
   chemist – õèìèê, àïòåêàðü
   chemistry – õèìèÿ
   cheque – áàíêîâñêèé ÷åê
   chess – øàõìàòû
   chest – ÿùèê, ãðóäü
   chestnut – êàøòàí
   chick – ïòåíåö
   chicken – ïòåíåö, öûïëåíîê
   chiefly – ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì
   Chilean – ÷èëèéñêèé
   chill – õîëîä, ïðîñòóäà
   chine – óùåëüå, ãîðíàÿ ãðÿäà
   chip – îáëîìîê, îñêîëîê
   chocolate – øîêîëàä
   choice – âûáîð, àëüòåðíàòèâà
   choose – âûáèðàòü, îòáèðàòü
   cigarette – ñèãàðåòà
   cinema – êèíî
   circular – êðóãëûé, öèðêóëÿðíûé
   circumstantial – îáñòîÿòåëüíûé, ñëó÷àéíûé
   circus – öèðê
   citation – ññûëêà, öèòèðîâàíèå
   cite – ññûëàòüñÿ, öèòèðîâàòü
   civic – ãðàæäàíñêèé
   civilian – ãðàæäàíñêèé, øòàòñêèé
   clamp – òÿæåëàÿ ïîñòóïü
   clarify – ïðîÿñíÿòü
   clash – ñòîëêíîâåíèå, ñòàëêèâàòüñÿ
   class – êëàññ, êëàññîâûé
   classic – êëàññè÷åñêèé
   classify – êëàññèôèöèðîâàòü
   classroom – êëàññ
   clause – ïðåäëîæåíèå, ñòàòüÿ
   clean – ÷èñòûé, ÷èñòèòü, î÷èùàòü
   clerical – êàíöåëÿðñêèé
   clever – óìíûé, ëîâêèé
   client – êëèåíò
   climate – êëèìàò, àòìîñôåðà
   climb – ïîäíèìàòüñÿ
   clinical – êëèíè÷åñêèé
   clip – çàæèìàòü, ñæèìàòü
   clique – êëèêà
   clock – ÷àñû
   cloister – ìîíàñòûðü
   closing – çàêëþ÷èòåëüíûé
   cloud – îáëàêî, òó÷à
   clue – êëþ÷ ê ðàçãàäêå
   clutch – çàõâàò
   company (Co.) – ôèðìà
   coal-field – êàìåííîóãîëüíûé áàññåéí
   coexistence – ñîñóùåñòâîâàíèå
   coincide – ñîâïàäàòü, ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü
   coincidence – ñîâïàäåíèå
   colonel (Col.) – ïîëêîâíèê
   cold – õîëîä, ïðîñòóäà
   collaborate – ñîòðóäíè÷àòü
   collaboration – ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî
   collapse – êðóøåíèå, êðàõ, ðóøèòüñÿ, ïîòåðïåòü êðàõ
   collar – âîðîòíèê, îæåðåëüå
   collective – êîëëåêòèâ, êîëëåêòèâíûé
   collector – êîëëåêöèîíåð, ñáîðùèê
   collide – ñòàëêèâàòüñÿ
   colliery – êàìåííîóãîëüíàÿ êîïü
   colony – êîëîíèÿ, ïîñåëåíèå
   colourful – êðàñî÷íûé
   combine – ñèíäèêàò, îáúåäèíåíèå, îáúåäèíÿòü
   comedian – êîìèê, êîìåäèéíûé àêòåð
   comedy – êîìåäèÿ
   comic – êîìè÷åñêèé
   commando – äåñàíòíî-äèâåðñèîííûé îòðÿä
   commentator – êîììåíòàòîð
   commerce – òîðãîâëÿ, êîììåðöèÿ
   commercially – ñ êîììåð÷åñêîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ
   commission – íàçíà÷àòü íà äîëæíîñòü
   commodity – òîâàð, ïðîäóêò
   commonly – îáûêíîâåííî, äåøåâî, ïëîõî
   communicate – ñîîáùàòü, îáùàòüñÿ
   commuter – êîëëåêòîð, êîììóòàòîð
   companion – êîìïàíüîí
   comparable – ñðàâíèìûé
   comparative – ñðàâíèòåëüíûé, îòíîñèòåëüíûé
   compensate – êîìïåíñèðîâàòü
   compete – ñîñòÿçàòüñÿ, êîíêóðèðîâàòü
   competitor – ñîïåðíèê, êîíêóðåíò
   complacency – áëàãîäóøèå, óäîâëåòâîðåííîñòü
   complementary – äîïîëíèòåëüíûé
   completion – çàâåðøåíèå, îêîí÷àíèå
   complex – êîìïëåêñ, ñëîæíûé, ñîñòàâíîé
   complex – ñëîæíûé, ñîñòàâíîé, êîìïëåêñíûé
   complicate – îñëîæíÿòü
   complication – ñëîæíîñòü
   complicity – ñîó÷àñòèå
   compliment – êîìïëèìåíò, ïîõâàëà
   complimentary – ïîçäðàâèòåëüíûé, ëåñòíûé
   comply – óñòóïàòü, ñîãëàøàòüñÿ
   compose – ñî÷èíÿòü, ñîñòàâëÿòü
   composite – ñîñòàâíîé, ñëîæíûé
   composition – ñî÷èíåíèå, êîìïîçèöèÿ
   compound – ñîñòàâíîé
   comprise – çàêëþ÷àòü â ñåáå
   compromise – êîìïðîìèññ
   compulsory – ïðèíóäèòåëüíûé
   computer – ýëåêòðîííî-âû÷èñëèòåëüíàÿ ìàøèíà
   comrade – òîâàðèù, êîìïàíüîí
   con – íàïðàâëÿòü ìûñëü
   conceal – ñêðûâàòü, óòàèâàòü
   concede – óñòóïàòü, äîïóñêàòü
   conceivably – ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî
   conceive – ïîñòèãàòü, ïîíèìàòü
   concerted – ñîãëàñîâàííûé
   concerto – êîíöåðò
   concession – êîíöåññèÿ
   conclusive – çàêëþ÷èòåëüíûé
   concord – ñîãëàñèå, ñîãëàøåíèå
   Concorde – ñàìîëåò» Êîíêîðä»
   concrete – áåòîíèðîâàòü, ñãóùàòü, êîíêðåòíûé
   condone – ïðîùàòü, çàáûâàòü
   confer – ñîïîñòàâëÿòü, ïðåäîñòàâëÿòü
   conferee – ó÷àñòíèê ïåðåãîâîðîâ
   confess – ïðèçíàâàòü
   confine – îãðàíè÷èâàòü, äåðæàòü â çàêëþ÷åíèè
   confirm – ïîäòâåðæäàòü, óòâåðæäàòü
   conflict – êîíôëèêò, ïðîòèâîðå÷èòü
   confront – ñòîÿòü ïðîòèâ
   confuse – ñìóùàòü, ïðèâîäèòü â çàìåøàòåëüñòâî
   congratulate – ïîçäðàâëÿòü
   congregation – ñîáðàíèå, ñõîäêà, êîíãðåãàöèÿ
   congressman – ÷ëåí êîíãðåññà
   conjure – ïîêàçûâàòü ôîêóñû
   conquer – çàâîåâûâàòü, ïîêîðÿòü
   conscience – ñîâåñòü, ñîçíàíèå
   conscious – ñîçíàþùèé, ñîçíàíèå
   consecutive – ïîñëåäóþùèé, ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûé
   consensus – ñîãëàñèå, åäèíîäóøèå
   consent – ñîãëàñèå, ðàçðåøåíèå
   consequently – ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, â ðåçóëüòàòå
   consistent – ñîâìåñòèìûé, ñîãëàñóþùèéñÿ
   consistently – ñîîáðàçíî, ñîãëàñíî
   consolation – óòåøåíèå
   consolidation – îáúåäèíåíèå, êîíñîëèäàöèÿ
   consortium – êîíñîðöèóì
   constable – êîíñòåáëü, ïîëèöåéñêèé
   constabulary – ïîëèöèÿ
   constant – ïîñòîÿííûé
   constitute – íàçíà÷àòü, ó÷ðåæäàòü
   construct – ñòðîèòü, êîíñòðóèðîâàòü
   constructive – ñòðîèòåëüíûé, êîíñòðóêòèâíûé
   consultative – ñîâåùàòåëüíûé, êîíñóëüòàòèâíûé
   container – ñîñóä, êîíòåéíåð
   containment – ñäåðæèâàíèå
   contemporary – ñîâðåìåííûé
   contempt – ïðåçðåíèå, îñêîðáëåíèå
   contend – áîðîòüñÿ, ñîïåðíè÷àòü
   contender – ñîïåðíèê, ïðåòåíäåíò
   contest – ñïîð, ñîðåâíîâàíèå
   contest – îñïàðèâàòü, ñïîðèòü
   contestant – ïðîòèâíèê, ñîïåðíèê
   continent – ìàòåðèê, êîíòèíåíò
   continually – íåïðåðûâíî
   continuation – ïðîäîëæåíèå
   contract – êîíòðàêò, çàêëþ÷àòü êîíòðàêò
   contractor – ïîäðÿä÷èê, êîíòðàãåíò
   contradiction – ïðîòèâîðå÷èå, íåñîîòâåòñòâèå
   contributory – ñîòðóäíè÷àþùèé, ñïîñîáñòâóþùèé
   controller – êîíòðîëåð, ðåâèçîð
   convene – ñîçûâàòü, ñîáèðàòü
   convenient – óäîáíûé, ïîäõîäÿùèé
   conveyor – òðàíñïîðòåð, êîíâåéåð
   convinced – óáåæäåííûé
   cook – ïîâàð, êóõàðêà, ãîòîâèòü ïèùó
   cooking – ñòðÿïíÿ
   cookout – ïðèãîòîâëåíèå ïèùè íà îòêðûòîì âîçäóõå
   cool – ïðîõëàäíûé, îõëàæäàòü
   cooling – îõëàæäåíèå
   coolness – ïðîõëàäà, õëàäíîêðîâèå
   co-operate – ñîòðóäíè÷àòü, âçàèìîäåéñòâîâàòü
   co-ordinate – êîîðäèíèðîâàòü, ñîãëàñîâûâàòü
   cope – ñïðàâèòüñÿ, ñîâëàäàòü
   co-pilot – âòîðîé ïèëîò
   copper – ìåäü
   cordon – êîðäîí, îõðàíåíèå
   core – ñåðäöåâèíà, ÿäðî
   corn – çåðíî, çåðíîâûå
   corporation (corp.) – êîðïîðàöèÿ
   corporal – òåëåñíûé
   corps – êîðïóñ
   correct – èñïðàâëÿòü, ïîïðàâëÿòü
   correctly – ïðàâèëüíî, âåðíî
   corresponding – ñîîòâåòñòâåííûé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé
   corruption – ðàçëîæåíèå, êîððóïöèÿ
   cosmetic – êîñìåòè÷åñêèé
   cotton – õëîïîê, áóìàæíàÿ òêàíü
   count – ñ÷åò, ïîäñ÷åò, âíèìàíèå
   counter – ïðèëàâîê, ïðîòèâîñòîÿòü, ïðîòèâèòüñÿ
   counter-charge – âñòðå÷íîå îáâèíåíèå
   countless – áåñ÷èñëåííûé
   coupon – êóïîí, îòðûâíîé òàëîí
   courage – ìóæåñòâî, õðàáðîñòü
   courageous – ñìåëûé, îòâàæíûé
   cousin – äâîþðîäíûé áðàò
   cove – ñîîðóæàòü
   cow – êîðîâà
   crack – òðåñê, òðåùèíà
   craftsman – ðåìåñëåííèê
   crash – êðàõ, êðóøåíèå
   crave – æàæäàòü, ïðîñèòü, óìîëÿòü
   crazy – áåçóìíûé
   cream – ñëèâêè, êðåì
   cricket – êðèêåò
   criminal – ïðåñòóïíèê, óãîëîâíûé
   cripple – êàëå÷èòü, óðîäîâàòü
   crisp – õðóñòÿùèé êàðòîôåëü
   critic – êðèòèê, êðèòèêàí
   crook – êðþê, êðþ÷îê, ïîâîðîò
   cross-examination – ïåðåêðåñòíûé äîïðîñ
   crowd – òîëïèòüñÿ, òîëïà
   crucial – ðåøàþùèé, êðèòè÷åñêèé
   crude – ñûðîé, íåîáðàáîòàííûé
   cruel – æåñòîêèé, áåçæàëîñòíûé
   cruise – ìîðñêîå ïóòåøåñòâèå
   crusade – êðåñòîâûé ïîõîä
   crush – ðàçäàâëèâàíèå, äðîáëåíèå
   crust – êîðêà, êîðà
   cry – êðè÷àòü, ïëàêàòü
   crystal – êðèñòàëë, õðóñòàëü
   cub – äåòåíûø
   cube – êóá
   cuff – óäàð
   culminate – äîñòèãàòü âåðøèíû
   curfew – êîìåíäàíòñêèé ÷àñ
   curiosity – ëþáîçíàòåëüíîñòü, ëþáîïûòñòâî
   curious – ëþáîçíàòåëüíûé, ïûòëèâûé
   current – òå÷åíèå, õîä
   curriculum – ðàñïèñàíèå
   curtain – çàíàâåñêà, çàâåñà
   custody – îïåêà, çàêëþ÷åíèå
   custom – îáû÷àé, ïðèâû÷êà
   cutting – ðåçàíèå, ñîêðàùåíèå
   cycle – öèêë, ïåðèîä
   cynical – öèíè÷íûé, áåññòûäíûé
   Czech – ÷åøñêèé
   dairy – ìàñëîäåëüíÿ, ìîëî÷íàÿ
   damp – ñûðîñòü, âëàæíîñòü
   dance – òàíöåâàòü, çàñòàâëÿòü òàíöåâàòü
   dancer – òàíöîð, òàíöîâùèê, òàíåö
   Danish – äàòñêèé
   dare – ñìåòü, îòâàæèòüñÿ
   dark – òåìíûé, íåÿñíûé
   data – äàííûå, ôàêòû
   dawn – ðàññâåò, íà÷àëî
   daylight – äíåâíîé ñâåò
   deadline – çàïðåòíàÿ ÷åðòà
   deadlock – òóïèê, áåçâûõîäíîå ïîëîæåíèå
   deadlock – çàéòè â òóïèê
   deadly – ñìåðòåëüíî
   deaf – ãëóõîé
   dear – äîðîãîé, ìèëûé, ëþáèìûé
   debris – îáëîìêè, ðàçâàëèíû
   debut – äåáþò
   decay – ãíèåíèå, ðàçëîæåíèå
   decent – ïðèëè÷íûé, áëàãîïðèñòîéíûé
   decisive – ðåøèòåëüíûé
   deck – ïàëóáà
   declaration – çàÿâëåíèå, îáúÿâëåíèå
   decline – ïàäåíèå, ñïàä
   decoration – óêðàøåíèå, çíàê îòëè÷èÿ
   decrease – óìåíüøåíèå, ïîíèæåíèå, óìåíüøàòü
   decree – äåêðåò, ïîñòàíîâëåíèå
   deer – îëåíü
   defender – çàùèòíèê, ÷åìïèîí
   defensive – îáîðîíèòåëüíûé
   defiant – âûçûâàþùèé, äåðçêèé
   deficiency – íåäîñòàòîê, äåôèöèò
   definite – îïðåäåëåííûé, òî÷íûé
   definitely – îïðåäåëåííî, òî÷íî
   deformed – èñêàæåííûé
   deliberate – óìûøëåííûé, îáäóìàííûé
   deliberately – óìûøëåííî, îáäóìàííî
   delicate – óòîí÷åííûé, õðóïêèé
   delight – âîñòîðã, âîñõèùàòüñÿ, íàñëàæäàòüñÿ
   delinquent – ïðàâîíàðóøèòåëü
   delta – äåëüòà
   democratically – äåìîêðàòè÷åñêè
   demolish – óíè÷òîæàòü, îïðîâåðãàòü
   demolition – óíè÷òîæåíèå
   denial – îòðèöàíèå, îïðîâåðæåíèå
   departure – îòúåçä, óõîä
   dependence – çàâèñèìîñòü
   dependent – çàâèñèìûé, çàâèñÿùèé
   depict – ðèñîâàòü, èçîáðàæàòü
   deplore – ñîæàëåòü
   deploy – ðàçâåðòûâàòü
   deployment – ðàçâåðòûâàíèå
   deport – âûñûëàòü, äåïîðòèðîâàòü
   deportation – âûñûëêà, äåïîðòàöèÿ
   deposit – âêëàä, âçíîñ
   depot – ñêëàä, äåïî
   depreciation – îáåñöåíèâàíèå, ïðåíåáðåæåíèå
   depress – ïîäàâëÿòü, óíè÷òîæàòü
   depression – äåïðåññèÿ
   deprive – ëèøàòü, îòáèðàòü
   department (Dept.) – îòäåë, äåïàðòàìåíò
   depth – ãëóáèíà
   deputation – äåëåãàöèÿ, äåïóòàöèÿ
   derive – ïðîèçâîäèòü
   description – îïèñàíèå, âèä, ðîä
   desert – ïóñòûíÿ
   desert – ïîêèäàòü, äåçåðòèðîâàòü
   deserve – çàñëóæèâàòü
   designate – ÷åðòèòü, ïðîåêòèðîâàòü
   designed – ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé, íàìåðåííûé
   designer – ïðîåêòèðîâùèê, äèçàéíåð
   desire – æåëàòü, æåëàíèå, ìå÷òà
   despair – îò÷àÿíèå
   desperate – îò÷àÿííûé, áåçíàäåæíûé
   desperately – îò÷àÿííî, áåçíàäåæíî
   destination – ìåñòî íàçíà÷åíèÿ
   destiny – ñóäüáà, ó÷àñòü
   destruction – ðàçðóøåíèå, óíè÷òîæåíèå
   detain – çàäåðæèâàòü, óäåðæèâàòü
   detect – îòêðûâàòü, îáíàðóæèâàòü
   detection – îòêðûòèå, îáíàðóæåíèå
   detective – äåòåêòèâ
   detente – ðàçðÿäêà
   detention – çàäåðæàíèå
   determined – ðåøèòåëüíûé
   deterrent – ñäåðæèâàþùèé
   detrimental – ïðèíîñÿùèé óùåðá
   devastate – îïóñòîøàòü
   devil – äüÿâîë
   devise – ðàçðàáàòûâàòü
   devolution – ïåðåäà÷à
   diameter – äèàìåòð
   dictatorship – äèêòàòóðà
   diesel – äèçåëü
   differ – îòëè÷àòüñÿ
   differential – îòëè÷èòåëüíûé, ðàçíèöà â îïëàòå òðóäà
   dig – êîïàòü
   dignity – äîñòîèíñòâî
   dimension – èçìåðåíèå
   diminish – óìåíüøàòü
   diminutive – ìàëåíüêèé
   dine – îáåäàòü
   dip – ïîãðóæàòü
   diplomat – äèïëîìàò
   diplomatically – äèïëîìàòè÷åñêè
   dirty – ãðÿçíûé
   disable – äåëàòü íåïðèãîäíûì
   disadvantage – íåäîñòàòîê
   disagree – íå ñîãëàñîâûâàòüñÿ
   disagreement – ðàñõîæäåíèå
   disappoint – ðàçî÷àðîâûâàòü
   disapproval – íåîäîáðåíèå
   disastrous – áåäñòâåííûé
   discard – îòáðàñûâàòü
   discharge – ðàçðÿæàòü
   disciplinary – äèñöèïëèíàðíûé
   disciplined – äèñöèïëèíèðîâàííûé
   disclosure – ðàñêðûòèå
   discount – ñêèäêà, äèñêîíòèðîâàòü
   discourage – îáåñêóðàæèâàòü
   discovery – îòêðûòèå
   discredit – äèñêðåäèòèðîâàòü
   disease – áîëåçíü
   disgraceful – ïîçîðíûé
   disillusion – ðàçî÷àðîâûâàòü
   disillusionment – ðàçî÷àðîâàíèå
   dislike – èñïûòûâàòü íåïðèÿçíü
   dispatch – îòïðàâëÿòü
   dispel – ðàññåèâàòü
   disperse – ðàññåèâàòüñÿ
   display – äåìîíñòðàöèÿ, ïîêàçûâàòü
   dispose – ðàñïîëàãàòü
   disquiet – áåñïîêîèòü
   disrupt – ïîäðûâàòü
   dissatisfaction – íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîñòü
   dissent – ðàçíîãëàñèå
   dissident – äèññèäåíò
   dissociate – ðàçúåäèíÿòü
   dissolve – ðàñïóñêàòü
   distinct – ÿñíûé
   distinction – ðàçëè÷èå
   distinctly – îò÷åòëèâî
   distort – èñêàæàòü
   distortion – èñêàæåíèå
   distributive – ðàñïðåäåëèòåëüíûé
   disturbance – íàðóøåíèå
   ditch – êàíàâà, òðàíøåÿ
   dive – íûðÿòü
   divert – îòêëîíÿòü
   divided – ðàçäåëåííûé íà ÷àñòè
   divorce – ðàçâîäèòü
   dock – äîê
   docker – äîêåð
   dockyard – ñóäîðåìîíòíûé çàâîä
   doctrine – äîêòðèíà
   documentary – äîêóìåíòàëüíûé
   dodge – óëîâêà, õèòðîñòü
   doll – êóêëà
   dominant – äîìèíèðóþùèé
   domination – ãîñïîäñòâî
   Dominican – äîìèíèêàíñêèé
   donation – äåíåæíîå ïîæåðòâîâàíèå
   doom – îáðåêàòü
   dope – íàðêîòèê
   dosage – äîçèðîâêà
   dose – äîçà, äîçèðîâàòü
   double – äâîéíîå êîëè÷åñòâî, äâîéíîé
   doubtful – ñîìíåâàþùèéñÿ
   downward – âíèç, êíèçó
   drab – òóñêëî-êîðè÷íåâûé öâåò
   drag – òàùèòü
   drain – âûòåêàíèå
   drastic – ðåøèòåëüíûé
   drastically – ðåøèòåëüíî
   dreadful – óæàñíûé
   dream – ñîí, ìå÷òà, âèäåòü ñíû
   dressed – îäåòûé
   drill – òðåíèðîâàòü
   drink – íàïèòîê, ïèòü
   drinking – ïèòüå
   drive – åçäà, ãîíêà
   driving – åçäà, âîæäåíèå, äâèæóùèé
   dropping – ñáðàñûâàþùèé
   dry – ñóøèòü, ñóõîé
   duck – óòêà, ïàðóñèíà
   dull – òóïîé, âÿëûé
   duly – äîëæíûì îáðàçîì
   duration – ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü
   Dutch – ãîëëàíäñêèé
   dye – êðàñèòü
   dynamic – äèíàìè÷åñêèé
   eagle – îðåë
   ear – óõî
   earnest – ñåðüåçíûé
   earthquake – çåìëåòðÿñåíèå
   echo – âòîðèòü, ïîäðàæàòü
   economically – ýêîíîìíî
   economist – ýêîíîìèñò
   ecumenical – ýêóìåíè÷åñêèé
   edge – îñòðèå, çàîñòðÿòü
   edition – èçäàíèå
   educate – âîñïèòûâàòü
   effectively – ýôôåêòèâíî
   effectiveness – ýôôåêòèâíîñòü
   efficiency – ýôôåêòèâíîñòü
   efficient – ýôôåêòèâíûé
   ego – ñóáúåêò, ýãî
   Egyptian – åãèïåòñêèé
   eject – èçãîíÿòü
   elderly – ïîæèëîé
   electioneering – ïðåäâûáîðíàÿ êàìïàíèÿ
   electoral – èçáèðàòåëüíûé
   electorate – èçáèðàòåëè
   electrician – ýëåêòðèê
   electronic – ýëåêòðîííûé
   elementary – ýëåìåíòàðíûé
   elephant – ñëîí
   eligible – ïîäõîäÿùèé
   elimination – èñêëþ÷åíèå
   elite – ýëèòà
   eloquent – êðàñíîðå÷èâûé
   emancipation – îñâîáîæäåíèå
   embargo – ýìáàðãî
   emotion – âîçáóæäåíèå
   emotional – ýìîöèîíàëüíûé
   empower – óïîëíîìî÷èâàòü
   enact – ïðåäïèñûâàòü
   enclose – îêðóæàòü
   encouragement – óäîáðåíèå
   encyclical – ýíöèêëèêà
   endanger – ïîäâåðãàòü îïàñíîñòè
   endeavour – ïîïûòêà
   endless – áåñêîíå÷íûé
   endlessly – íåñêîí÷àåìî
   endorse – ïîäïèñûâàòüñÿ
   endorsement – ïîäòâåðæäåíèå
   enforcement – ïðèíóæäåíèå
   engagement – çàíÿòèå
   Englishman – àíãëè÷àíèí
   enjoy – íàñëàæäàòüñÿ
   enormously – ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî
   enrich – îáîãàùàòü
   entering – âñòóïëåíèå
   enthusiast – ýíòóçèàñò
   entrance – âõîä, âñòóïëåíèå
   envelope – êîíâåðò
   envisage – ñìîòðåòü â ëèöî
   equal – ðàâíÿòüñÿ
   equivalent – ýêâèâàëåíò, ýêâèâàëåíòíûé
   erect – ñòðîèòü
   erosion – ýðîçèÿ
   error – îøèáêà
   escort – îõðàíà
   espionage – øïèîíàæ
   essence – ñóùíîñòü
   essentially – ïî ñóùåñòâó
   established – óñòàíîâëåííûé
   estimated – ïðåäïîëàãàåìûé
   etcetera (etc) – è ò. ä. —
   eternal – âå÷íûé
   ethics – ýòèêà
   ethnic – ýòíè÷åñêèé
   evacuate – ýâàêóèðîâàòü
   evaluation – îöåíêà
   evasion – óâåðòêà
   eve – êàíóí
   eventual – âîçìîæíûé
   evict – âûñåëÿòü
   evident – î÷åâèäíûé
   evil – äóðíîé, çëîé
   evolve – ðàçâèâàòü
   exact – òî÷íûé
   except – èñêëþ÷àòü, èñêëþ÷àÿ, êðîìå
   exceptional – èñêëþ÷èòåëüíûé
   exceptionally – èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî
   excess – èçáûòîê
   exchequer – êàçíà÷åéñòâî
   excitement – âîçáóæäåíèå
   exclusively – èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî
   excuse – èçâèíåíèå, èçâèíÿòü
   execute – âûïîëíÿòü
   execution – âûïîëíåíèå
   exempt – îñâîáîæäåííûé
   exert – îñóùåñòâëÿòü
   exhaust – èñòîùàòü
   exhaustion – èñòîùåíèå
   exhibit – ýêñïîíàò, ïîêàçûâàòü
   exile – ññûëêà, èçãîíÿòü
   expectation – îæèäàíèå
   expedition – ýêñïåäèöèÿ
   experimental – ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûé
   expire – êîí÷àòüñÿ
   explicit – ÿñíûé
   exploit – ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòü
   exploitation – ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ
   exploration – èññëåäîâàíèå
   explore – èññëåäîâàòü
   explosive – âçðûâ÷àòîå âåùåñòâî, âçðûâ÷àòûé, âñïûëü÷èâûé
   exporter – ýêñïîðòåð
   express – îïðåäåëåííûé
   expression – âûðàæåíèå
   expulsion – èçãíàíèå
   exquisite – èçûñêàííûé
   extended – ðàñòÿíóòûé
   extensive – îáøèðíûé
   external – íàðóæíûé
   extract – âûïèñêà
   extremely – êðàéíå
   extremist – ýêñòðåìèñò
   fabric – òêàíü
   fabulous – áàñíîñëîâíûé
   facilitate – îáëåã÷àòü
   facing – îáëèöîâêà
   faction – ôðàêöèÿ
   fad – ïðèõîòü
   fail – íåóäà÷à, òåðïåòü íåóäà÷ó, ïîäâîäèòü
   fairy – ñêàçî÷íûé
   falling – ïàäåíèå
   fallout – îñàäêè
   fancy – ïðè÷óäëèâûé
   fantastic – ôàíòàñòè÷åñêèé
   fantasy – âîîáðàæåíèå
   farce – ôàðñ
   fare – ïëàòà çà ïðîåçä
   farm – ôåðìà, çàíèìàòüñÿ ñåëüñêèì õîçÿéñòâîì
   farmworker – ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûé ðàáî÷èé
   fascinate – î÷àðîâûâàòü
   fast – áûñòðî, áûñòðûé, îñòðûé
   fatal – ôàòàëüíûé
   fate – ñóäüáà
   favourite – ëþáèìûé
   feasibility – îñóùåñòâèìîñòü
   feasible – îñóùåñòâèìûé
   federate – îáúåäèíÿòüñÿ íà ôåäåðàòèâíûõ íà÷àëàõ
   fee – ãîíîðàð, ÷àåâûå, ïëàòèòü ãîíîðàð
   feeding – ïèòàíèå
   female – îñîáü æåíñêîãî ïîëà
   feminist – ôåìèíèñò
   fence – çàáîð
   ferocious – äèêèé
   ferry – ïåðåâîç
   fertilizer – óäîáðåíèå
   feud – âðàæäà
   fiction – âûìûñåë
   fierce – ñâèðåïûé
   fifteen – ïÿòíàäöàòü
   fighter – áîåö, áîðåö
   file – ðåãèñòðèðîâàòü è õðàíèòü
   filling – íàïîëíåíèå
   filly – ìîëîäàÿ êîáûëà
   finalist – ó÷àñòíèê ôèíàëà
   finalize – çàâåðøàòü
   financially – â ôèíàíñîâîì îòíîøåíèè
   fine – øòðàô
   fingerprint – îòïå÷àòîê ïàëüöà
   finishing – çàâåðøåíèå
   fireman – ïîæàðíûé
   firework – ôåéåðâåðê
   firm – óêðåïëÿòü
   firmness – òâåðäîñòü
   fisherman – ðûáàê
   fist – êóëàê
   fit – ïîäãîíêà
   fitness – ãîäíîñòü
   flagrant – óæàñàþùèé
   flare – ÿðêî âñïûõèâàòü
   flat – ïëîñêî, ðîâíî
   flee – áåæàòü
   fling – ëåòàòü
   float – ïëàâàòü
   flock – ïóøèíêà
   flood – íàâîäíåíèå
   flowing – òå÷åíèå
   flurry – áóäîðàæèòü
   fly – ìóõà, ïðûæîê
   flying – ëåòó÷èé
   focus – ôîêóñèðîâàòü
   fog – òóìàí
   folk – ëþäè
   folly – ãëóïîñòü
   fond – ëþáÿùèé
   forbid – çàïðåùàòü
   fore – ïåðåäíèé
   forecast – ïðåäñêàçûâàòü
   forecasting – ïðåäñêàçàíèå
   foreigner – èíîñòðàíåö
   foremost – ïåðåäîâîé
   foresee – ïðåäâèäåòü
   forge – âûäóìûâàòü
   formally – ôîðìàëüíî
   former – ñîçäàòåëü
   formidable – âíóøèòåëüíûé
   formula – ôîðìóëà
   fort – ôîðò
   forthcome – ïðèáëèæàòüñÿ
   forthwith – òîò÷àñ, íåìåäëåííî
   fortunately – ê ñ÷àñòüþ
   fortune – óäà÷à
   foster – âîñïèòûâàòü
   found – îñíîâûâàòü
   founder – îñíîâàòåëü
   foundry – ëèòåéíûé öåõ
   fourth – ÷åòâåðòûé
   fractional – äðîáíûé
   fragment – îáëîìîê
   framework – êàðêàñ
   frantic – íåèñòîâûé
   fraternal – áðàòñêèé
   fraud – îáìàí, ôàëüøèâêà
   freely – ñâîáîäíî
   freezing – çàìåðçàíèå
   freight – ôðàõò
   freighter – ôðàõòîâùèê
   French – ôðàíöóçñêèé ÿçûê
   frenzy – áåçóìèå
   frequent – ÷àñòûé
   friendly – äðóæåñêèé
   frighten – ïóãàòü
   frontier – ãðàíèöà
   frost – ìîðîç
   fruit – ïëîä, ôðóêòû
   frustrate – ðàññòðàèâàòü
   frustration – ðàññòðîéñòâî
   fulfil – âûïîëíÿòü
   function – ôóíêöèîíèðîâàòü
   fund – âêëàäûâàòü êàïèòàë â öåííûå áóìàãè
   fundamentally – ñóùåñòâåííûé
   funeral – ïîõîðîíû
   furniture – ìåáåëü
   furthermore – êðîìå òîãî
   fury – íåèñòîâñòâî
   gainer – ïîáåäèòåëü
   gale – øòîðì
   gallon – ãàëëîí
   gamble – èãðàòü â àçàðòíûå èãðû
   gaol – çàêëþ÷àòü â òþðüìó
   garage – ãàðàæ
   gathering – ñîáèðàíèå
   gay – âåñåëûé
   gear – ìåõàíèçì
   gelatin – æåëàòèí
   general (Gen.) – ãåíåðàë
   generate – ïîðîæäàòü
   genius – ãåíèé
   gently – ìÿãêî, êðîòêî
   genuine – ïîäëèííûé
   geographical – ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèé
   gesture – æåñò
   ghetto – ãåòòî
   giant – ãèãàíò, ãèãàíòñêèé
   gift – ïîäàðîê, äàð
   gigantic – ãèãàíòñêèé
   gilt-edged – ñ çîëîòûì îáðåçîì
   ginger – èìáèðü
   giving – ïðèñâîåíèå
   glad – äîâîëüíûé
   glamour – îáàÿíèå
   glare – ñâåðêàòü
   gloomy – ìðà÷íûé
   glorious – âåëèêîëåïíûé
   glory – ñëàâà
   glove – ïåð÷àòêà
   glow – ñèëüíûé æàð, íàêàëÿòüñÿ
   goalkeeper – âðàòàðü
   going – îòúåçä
   gold – çîëîòî, çîëîòîé
   golf – ãîëüô, èãðàòü â ãîëüô
   golfer – èãðîê â ãîëüô
   goodbye – ïðîùàíèå
   goods – òîâàðû
   goodwill – äîáðàÿ âîëÿ
   gossip – áîëòîâíÿ
   governmental – ïðàâèòåëüñòâåííûé
   grab – âíåçàïíî ñõâàòûâàòü
   grace – ãðàöèÿ, èçÿùåñòâî
   grade – ñîðòèðîâàòü, ñòåïåíü
   gradual – ïîñòåïåííî
   graduated – äèïëîìèðîâàííûé
   graduation – îêîí÷àíèå ÂÓÇà
   grammar – ãðàììàòèêà
   grasp – ñõâàòûâàòü
   gratitude – áëàãîäàðíîñòü
   grave – ìîãèëà
   gravel – ãðàâèé
   gravity – ñåðüåçíîñòü
   greats – ñèëüíûå ìèðà ñåãî
   greenery – çåëåíü, ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü
   greet – ïðèâåòñòâîâàòü
   grieve – îãîð÷àòü
   grievously – ãîðåñòíî
   grill – ðåøåòêà
   grip – ñõâàòûâàíèå
   groom – ÷èñòèòü ëîøàäü
   grotesque – àáñóðäíûé
   group – ãðóïïèðîâêà, ãðóïïà, ãðóïïèðîâàòü
   grouping – êëàññèôèêàöèÿ
   growing – ðàñòóùèé
   guarantee – ãàðàíòèÿ, ãàðàíòèðîâàòü
   guard – îõðàíà, îõðàíÿòü
   guarded – îõðàíÿåìûé
   guess – äîãàäûâàòüñÿ
   guide – ïðîâîäíèê
   guilt – âèíà, ãðåõ
   guinea – ãèíåÿ
   gulf – çàëèâ, áóõòà
   gun – îðóäèå, ñòðåëÿòü
   gunman – ÷åëîâåê, âîîðóæåííûé ðóæüåì
   gut – ïîòðîøèòü
   Gypsy – öûãàí
   habit – ïðèâû÷êà
   hail – ïðèâåòñòâîâàòü
   Haitian – ãàèòÿíå
   halfback – ïîëóçàùèòíèê
   halfway – ëåæàùèé íà ïîëïóòè
   halt – îñòàíîâêà, îñòàíàâëèâàòü
   hammer – ìîëîòîê
   hamper – ïðåïÿòñòâèå
   handful – ãîðñòü
   handicap – ïðåïÿòñòâîâàòü
   handout – ìèëîñòûíÿ
   handsome – êðàñèâûé
   hangar – ñêëàä
   hanging – ïîäâåøèâàíèå
   happening – ñëó÷àé, ñîáûòèå
   happily – ñ÷àñòëèâî
   harass – áåñïîêîèòü
   harassment – áåñïîêîéñòâî
   harbour – ãàâàíü, ïîðò
   harden – òâåðäåòü
   hardship – ëèøåíèå
   harm – âðåä, óùåðá
   harmful – âðåäíûé, ïàãóáíûé
   harmony – ãàðìîíèÿ, ñîãëàñîâàííîñòü
   harsh – ãðóáûé, æåñòîêèé
   harvest – óáîðêà óðîæàÿ
   hatch – âûñèæèâàòü
   hate – íåíàâèäåòü, íåíàâèñòü
   haul – òÿíóòü
   hawker – óëè÷íûé òîðãîâåö
   hazard – øàíñ, îïàñíîñòü
   haze – ëåãêèé òóìàí
   he – îí
   headache – ãîëîâíàÿ áîëü
   headmaster – äèðåêòîð øêîëû
   heal – èçëå÷èâàòü
   healthy – çäîðîâûé
   heaven – íåáåñà, íåáî
   heavy – òÿæåëî, âÿëî
   hedge – îãðàäà
   heel – êàáëóê
   helpful – ïîëåçíûé
   hence – ñëåäîâàòåëüíî
   herd – ñòàäî, ïàñòóõ
   heroine – ãåðîèíÿ
   herring – ñåëüäü
   hesitant – êîëåáëþùèéñÿ
   hesitate – êîëåáàòüñÿ
   highlight – îñíîâíîé ìîìåíò, âûäâèãàòü íà ïåðâûé ïëàí
   highway – ãëàâíûé ïóòü
   hijack – çàõâàòûâàòü
   hillside – ñêëîí ãîðû
   hire – íàåì, ïðîêàò, íàíèìàòü
   historical – èñòîðè÷åñêèé
   hit – óäàð, ïîïàäàíèå, óäàðÿòü
   hitherto – äî ñèõ ïîð
   hive – äàâàòü ïðèþò
   hoax – ðàçûãðûâàòü
   hockey – õîêêåé
   holding – âëàäåíèå
   hole – ïðîäûðÿâëèâàòü
   holed – ïåðôîðèðîâàíèå
   holidaymaker – îòäûõàþùèé
   hollow – ïóñòîé, ïîëûé
   home – äîì, äîìàøíèé, äîìîé
   honest – ÷åñòíûé
   honesty – ÷åñòíîñòü
   honeymoon – ìåäîâûé ìåñÿö
   hook – çàöåïêà
   horizon – ãîðèçîíò
   hormone – ãîðìîí
   horn – ðîã
   horrific – óæàñàþùèé
   horror – óæàñ
   hose – ðóêàâ
   hostage – çàëîæíèê
   hostile – íåïðèÿòåëüñêèé
   hot – ãîðÿ÷î, æàðêî
   hot-dog – ãîðÿ÷àÿ ñîñèñêà
   hound – òðàâèòü
   household – ñåìüÿ
   housewife – äîìàøíÿÿ õîçÿéêà
   humanity – ÷åëîâå÷åñòâî
   humor – þìîð, êîìèçì
   Hungarian – âåíãåðñêèé
   hunger – ãîëîä
   hungry – ãîëîäíûé
   hurt – ïðè÷èíÿòü áîëü
   hysteria – èñòåðèÿ
   hysterical – èñòåðè÷åñêèé
   icy – ëåäÿíîé
   ideal – èäåàë, èäåàëüíûé
   identification – îòîæäåñòâëåíèå
   identify – îòîæäåñòâëÿòü
   idle – íåçàíÿòûé
   ignorance – íåâåæåñòâî
   ill – ïëîõî, õóäî, áîëüíîé
   ill-fated – íåñ÷àñòëèâûé
   illusion – èëëþçèÿ
   illustrate – èëëþñòðèðîâàòü
   image – èçîáðàæàòü
   imagination – âîîáðàæåíèå
   immense – îãðîìíûé
   immensely – ÷ðåçâû÷àéíûé
   imminent – íàäâèãàþùèéñÿ
   immunity – èììóíèòåò
   impair – îñëàáëÿòü
   impatience – íåòåðïåíèå
   imperial – èìïåðàòîðñêèé
   imperialist – èìïåðèàëèñò
   implacably – íåóìîëèìî
   implant – âíåäðÿòü, íàñàæäàòü
   implication – âîâëå÷åíèå
   implied – ïîäðàçóìåâàåìûé
   import – èìïîðò, èìïîðòèðîâàòü
   importer – èìïîðòåð
   imposition – íàëîæåíèå
   impotent – áåññèëüíûé
   impression – âïå÷àòëåíèå
   imprisonment – òþðåìíîå çàêëþ÷åíèå
   impropriety – íåóìåñòíîñòü
   improved – óëó÷øåííûé
   inadequacy – íåàäåêâàòíîñòü
   inaugurate – òîðæåñòâåííî ââîäèòü â äîëæíîñòü
   incentive – ñòèìóë
   incidentally – ìåæäó ïðî÷èì
   incite – âîçáóæäàòü
   incitement – âîçáóæäåíèå
   incline – ñêëîíÿòü
   inclusion – âêëþ÷åíèå
   incorporate – îáúåäèíÿòü
   incredible – íåâåðîÿòíûé
   incumbent – ëèöî, çàíèìàþùåå äîëæíîñòü
   incur – ïîäâåðãàòüñÿ
   independently – íåçàâèñèìî
   Indian – èíäèåö, èíäèéñêèé
   indifference – áåçðàçëè÷èå
   indifferent – áåçðàçëè÷íûé
   indigenous – ìåñòíûé
   indirect – êîñâåííûé
   indiscipline – íåäèñöèïëèíèðîâàííîñòü
   indoors – â ïîìåùåíèè
   induce – óáåæäàòü
   indulge – ïîçâîëèòü ñåáå
   industrialist – ïðîìûøëåííèê
   industrialization – èíäóñòðèàëèçàöèÿ
   industrialize – îñóùåñòâëÿòü èíäóñòðèàëèçàöèþ
   ineffective – íåýôôåêòèâíûé
   inefficient – íåñïîñîáíûé
   inevitably – íåèçáåæíî
   inexcusable – íåïðîñòèòåëüíûé
   inexperienced – íåîïûòíûé
   infantry – ïåõîòà
   inference – âûâîä, çàêëþ÷åíèå
   infiltration – ïðîíèêíîâåíèå
   infinitely – áåñêîíå÷íî
   inflict – íàíîñèòü
   influence – âëèÿíèå, îêàçàòü âëèÿíèå
   influential – âëèÿòåëüíûé
   informal – íåîôèöèàëüíûé
   informally – íåîôèöèàëüíî
   informant – èíôîðìàíò
   informed – îñâåäîìëåííûé
   infringe – íàðóøàòü
   inhabitant – æèòåëü
   inherent – ïðèñóùèé
   inhuman – áåñ÷åëîâå÷íûé
   initial – íà÷àëüíàÿ áóêâà
   initially – âíà÷àëå
   initiative – íà÷àëüíûé
   injection – èíúåêöèÿ
   injured – ïîâðåæäåííûé
   injustice – íåñïðàâåäëèâîñòü
   inland – âíóòðåííèé
   inn – ãîñòèíèöà
   inner – âíóòðåííèé
   innocence – íåâèííîñòü
   innocent – íåâèííûé
   innumerable – áåñ÷èñëåííûé
   inquire – ñïðàøèâàòü
   insect – íàñåêîìîå
   inside – âíóòðü, âíóòðåííèé
   inspect – ðàññìàòðèâàòü
   inspection – îñìîòð
   inspiration – âäîõíîâåíèå
   inspire – âíóøàòü
   install – ââîäèòü â äîëæíîñòü
   installation – ââåäåíèå â äîëæíîñòü
   instantly – íåìåäëåííî
   instigate – ïîäñòðåêàòü
   instinct – èíñòèíêò
   instruction – îáó÷åíèå
   instructor – èíñòðóêòîð
   insufficient – íåäîñòàòî÷íûé
   insult – îñêîðáëåíèå
   insult – îñêîðáëÿòü
   insure – îáåñïå÷èâàòü
   intake – ïîãëîùåíèå
   integral – íåîòúåìëåìûé
   integrate – îáúåäèíÿòü
   intellectual – èíòåëëèãåíò
   intelligent – óìíûé
   intended – ïðåäïîëàãàåìûé
   intense – ñèëüíûé
   intensify – óñèëèâàòü
   intercontinental – ìåæêîíòèíåíòàëüíûé
   interdependence – âçàèìîçàâèñèìîñòü
   interdependent – âçàèìîçàâèñèìûé
   interfere – ìåøàòü
   interference – âìåøàòåëüñòâî
   interim – ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé
   interior – âíóòðåííîñòü
   intermission – ïåðåðûâ, ïàóçà
   international – ìåæäóíàðîäíûå ñîðåâíîâàíèÿ
   internally – â ìåæäóíàðîäíîì ìàñøòàáå
   interpret – èíòåðïðåòèðîâàòü
   interpretation – èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ
   interpreter – èíòåðïðåòàòîð
   interrupt – ïðåðûâàòü
   interruption – ïðåðûâàíèå
   interval – èíòåðâàë
   intervene – âìåøèâàòüñÿ
   interview – èíòåðâüþ, èíòåðâüþèðîâàòü
   intimate – ãëóáîêèé, èíòèìíûé
   invade – âòîðãàòüñÿ
   invalid – íåäåéñòâèòåëüíûé
   invariably – íåèçìåííî
   invasion – âòîðæåíèå
   invent – èçîáðåòàòü
   invention – èçîáðåòåíèå
   investigator – ñëåäîâàòåëüíî
   invoke – ïðèçûâàòü
   involved – ñëîæíûé
   Irishman – èðëàíäåö
   iron – æåëåçî, æåëåçíûé, ñèëüíûé
   ironic – èðîíè÷åñêèé
   ironically – èðîíè÷åñêè
   irony – èðîíèÿ
   irresistible – íåïðåîäîëèìûé
   irrespective – áåçîòíîñèòåëüíûé
   irresponsibility – áåçîòâåòñòâåííîñòü
   irresponsible – áåçîòâåòñòâåííûé
   isolation – èçîëÿöèÿ
   Israeli – åâðåé, åâðåéñêèé
   Italian – èòàëüÿíåö, èòàëüÿíñêèé
   jade – íåôðèò
   jam – ñæàòèå, ñæèìàòü
   Jamaican – ÿìàéñêèé
   Japanese – ÿïîíåö
   jar – äðåáåçæàíèå
   jaw – ÷åëþñòü
   jeer – íàñìåøêà
   jeopardize – ïîäâåðãàòü îïàñíîñòè
   jeopardy – îïàñíîñòü
   Jew – åâðåé
   jeweller – þâåëèð
   jewellery – äðàãîöåííîñòè
   jewels – äðàãîöåííîñòè
   jobless – áåçðàáîòíûé
   joining – ñîåäèíåíèå
   jointly – ñîâìåñòíûé
   joke – øóòêà, øóòèòü
   jolly – ïðàçäíè÷íûé
   journey – ïîåçäêà, ðåéñ
   jubilee – þáèëåé
   judicial – ñóäåáíûé
   judiciary – ñóäîïðîèçâîäñòâî
   juicy – ñî÷íûé, äîæäëèâûé
   jump – ïðûæîê, ñêà÷îê, ïðûãàòü
   jumper – ïðûãóí
   junction – ñîåäèíåíèå
   jungle – äæóíãëè
   junta – õóíòà
   juror – ïðèñÿæíûå çàñåäàòåëè
   justifiable – çàêîííûé
   justification – îïðàâäàíèå
   juvenile – þíîøà, ïîäðîñòîê
   key – êëþ÷, çàïèðàòü íà êëþ÷
   kick – óäàð, áèòü
   kid – ðåáåíîê
   kidnap – ïîõèùàòü äåòåé
   killer – óáèéöà
   killing – óáèéñòâåííûé
   kingdom – êîðîëåâñòâî
   kirk – öåðêîâü
   kiss – ïîöåëóé
   kitchen – êóõíÿ
   kite – áóìàæíûé çìåé
   kitten – êîòåíîê
   kitty – öåëü
   knee – êîëåíî
   knife – íîæ
   knight – ðûöàðü
   Korean – êîðåéñêèé
   Kremlin – Êðåìëü
   label – ýòèêåòêà, ïðèêëåèâàòü ÿðëûê
   labour – òðóä, òðóäèòüñÿ
   labourer – ðàáî÷èé
   lace – øíóðîê
   lad – ïàðåíü
   lamely – íåóáåäèòåëüíî
   lamp – ëàìïà
   lampshade – àáàæóð
   land – âûñàæèâàòü
   landed – çåìåëüíûé
   landfall – ïðèçåìëåíèå
   landing – âûñàäêà íà áåðåã
   landlord – äîìîâëàäåëåö
   landscape – ëàíäøàôò, ïåéçàæ
   landslide – îïîëçåíü, îáâàë
   lap – ïîäîë
   lapse – îïèñêà
   large-scale – êðóïíîìàñøòàáíûé
   last – ïîñëåäíèé
   laugh – ñìåõ, ñìåÿòüñÿ
   laughter – õîõîò
   launching – ñïóñê
   layoff – ïðèîñòàíîâêà ïðîèçâîäñòâà
   leaf – ëèñò
   leaflet – ëèñòîâêà
   leak – ïðîñà÷èâàòüñÿ
   leap – ïðûæîê, ïðûãàòü
   learned – ó÷åíûé
   learning – ó÷åíèå
   leash – ñâîðà, ïðèâÿçü
   least – íàèìåíüøèé
   leaver – âûïóñêíèê
   lecture – ëåêöèÿ
   left – íàëåâî, ñëåâà, ëåâûé
   left-handed – ëåâîñòîðîííèé
   legalistic – þðèäè÷åñêèé
   legality – çàêîííîñòü
   legalize – óçàêîíèâàòü
   legally – çàêîííî
   legend – ëåãåíäà
   leprosy – ïðîêàçà
   less – ìåíüøèé
   lessen – óìåíüøàòü
   lesson – óðîê
   lettuce – ñàëàò
   level – ñïîêîéíûé, âûðàâíèâàòü
   lever – ðû÷àã
   lexicon – ñëîâàðü
   liable – ïîäëåæàùèé
   libel – êëåâåòà
   liberty – ñâîáîäà
   librarian – áèáëèîòåêàðü
   license – äàâàòü ðàçðåøåíèå
   lien – çàëîã
   lieutenant – ëåéòåíàíò
   lieutenant-colonel – ïîäïîëêîâíèê
   lieutenant-general – ãåíåðàë-ëåéòåíàíò
   lifetime – ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè
   light – ñâåò
   lighting – îñâåùåíèå
   lightweight – ëåãêèé âåñ
   likelihood – âåðîÿòíîñòü
   limitation – îãðàíè÷åíèå
   limiting – îãðàíè÷èâàþùèé
   liquid – æèäêîñòü
   liquid – æèäêèé
   liquidation – ëèêâèäàöèÿ
   liquor – íàïèòîê
   lively – æèâîé, æèâî
   load – íàãðóçêà, íàãðóæàòü
   loaded – çàãðóæåííûé
   loaf – áóõàíêà õëåáà
   locally – â ìåñòíûõ ìàñøòàáàõ
   locate – îïðåäåëÿòü ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèå
   lockout – ëîêàóò
   locomotive – ëîêîìîòèâ
   lodge – äîìèê, áóäêà
   long-distance – äàëüíèé
   long-standing – äàâíèøíèé
   long-term – äîëãîñðî÷íûé
   long-time – äîëãîñðî÷íûé
   loom – ïðèíèìàòü ðàçìåðû
   loop – ïåòëÿ
   loot – îãðàáëåíèå
   losing – ïðîèãðûø, ïðîèãðàííûé
   lost – óòðà÷åííûé
   loud – ãðîìêèé
   loudly – ãðîìêî
   lounge – ëåíèâàÿ ïîõîäêà, ñèäåòü ðàçâàëÿñü
   lovely – êðàñèâûé
   loving – ëþáÿùèé
   loyalty – ëîÿëüíîñòü
   limited (ltd) – ñ îãðàíè÷åííîé îòâåòñòâåííîñòüþ
   lucid – ïîíÿòíûé
   luck – ñóäüáà
   lump – ãëûáà, êîì
   lunch – ëåí÷, çàâòðàêàòü
   luncheon – çàâòðàê
   lure – çàâëåêàòü
   luxurious – ðîñêîøíûé
   luxury – ðîñêîøü
   lyric – ëèðè÷åñêîå ñòèõîòâîðåíèå
   machinist – èíæåíåð
   mad – áåçóìíûé
   Madame – ìàäàì
   magnetic – ìàãíèòíûé
   magnificent – âåëèêîëåïíûé
   maid – äåâèöà
   maiden – äåâà
   mainland – ìàòåðèê
   Majesty – âåëè÷åñòâî
   major – ìàéîð
   malice – çëîáà
   man – óêîìïëåêòîâûâàòü ëè÷íûì ñîñòàâîì
   managerial – äèðåêòîðñêèé
   mandate – ìàíäàò
   mandatory – ìàíäàòíûé
   manipulate – ìàíèïóëèðîâàòü
   mankind – ÷åëîâå÷åñòâî
   manoeuvre – ìàíåâð, ìàíåâðèðîâàòü
   man-power – ðàáî÷àÿ ñèëà
   mansion – äâîðåö
   manual – ðó÷íîé
   manually – âðó÷íóþ
   manuscript – ðóêîïèñü
   map – êàðòà
   marginal – ïðåäåëüíûé
   marginally – ïðåäåëüíî
   marine – ìîðñêîé ôëîò, ìîðñêîé
   marital – ñóïðóæåñêèé
   maritime – ìîðñêîé
   mark – ïðèçíàê
   marker – ìàðêåð
   martial – âîåííûé
   mass – ñîáèðàòü
   massacre – ðåçíÿ, óñòðàèâàòü ðåçíþ
   master – ñïðàâëÿòüñÿ
   maternity – ìàòåðèíñòâî
   mathematical – ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèé
   mathematics – ìàòåìàòèêà
   mature – çðåëûé, ñîçðåòü
   maturity – çðåëîñòü
   maxi – ìàêñè
   maybe – âîçìîæíî
   meal – åäà
   meaning – çíà÷åíèå, ñìûñë
   meaningless – áåññìûñëåííûé
   measuring – èçìåðåíèå
   mechanic – ìåõàíèê
   mechanical – ìåõàíè÷åñêèé
   mechanism – óñòðîéñòâî
   mechanization – ìåõàíèçàöèÿ
   medal – ìåäàëü
   mediator – ïîñðåäíèê
   medieval – ñðåäíåâåêîâûé
   melodic – ìåëîäè÷åñêèé
   melodious – ìåëîäè÷íûé
   melody – ìåëîäèÿ
   memorable – ïàìÿòíûé
   memorandum – ìåìîðàíäóì
   memorial – ïàìÿòíûé
   mentally – óìñòâåííî
   menu – ìåíþ
   mercenary – íàåìíèê
   merchandise – òîðãîâëÿ
   mercy – ìèëîñåðäèå
   mere – åäèíñòâåííûé
   merit – äîñòîèíñòâî
   meter – ìåòð, ñ÷åò÷èê
   methodist – ìåòîäèñò
   mew – ìÿóêàòü
   Mexican – ìåêñèêàíñêèé
   microphone – ìèêðîôîí
   mid – ñðåäíèé
   middle-aged – ñðåäíèõ ëåò
   middle-class – îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê ñðåäíèì ñëîÿì îáùåñòâà
   Midlands – öåíòðàëüíûå ãðàôñòâà Àíãëèè
   midst – ñåðåäèíà
   midway – íà ïîëïóòè
   midweek – ñåðåäèíà íåäåëè
   migration – ìèãðàöèÿ
   MIIGAiK – ÌÈÈÃÀèÊ – Ìîñêîâñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò ãåîäåçèè è êàðòîãðàôèè (ÌÈÈÃÀèÊ) – [ìîñêîó ñòýéò þíèâ¸ñèòè îâ äæèîäýçè ýíä êàðòîãðàôè] – Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK)
   mild – óìåðåííûé
   militancy – âîèíñòâåííîñòü
   militant – âîèíñòâåííûé
   mill – ìîëîòü
   mind – ïîìíèòü
   mineworker – øàõòåð
   mini – ìèíè
   minimize – äîâîäèòü äî ìèíèìóìà
   minimum – ìèíèìóì
   mining – ãîðíûé
   ministerial – ìèíèñòåðñêèé
   minute – ìåëêèé
   miracle – ÷óäî
   misfortune – íåñ÷àñòüå
   mislead – ââîäèòü â çàáëóæäåíèå
   missionary – ìèññèîíåð
   mistress – õîçÿéêà, ãîñïîæà
   misunderstanding – íåïðàâèëüíîå ïîíèìàíèå
   mob – øàéêà
   mobile – ïîäâèæíûé
   mobility – ìîáèëüíîñòü
   mobilize – ìîáèëèçîâàòü
   mock – íàñìåõàòüñÿ
   modernize – ìîäåðíèçèðîâàòü
   modify – ìîäèôèöèðîâàòü
   momentum – èìïóëüñ
   monetary – äåíåæíûé
   monk – ìîíàõ
   monster – ÷óäîâèùå
   monthly – åæåìåñÿ÷íûé
   monument – ïàìÿòíèê
   monumental – óâåêîâå÷èâàþùèé
   mood – íàñòðîåíèå
   moral – ìîðàëüíûé
   moreover – êðîìå òîãî
   motel – ìîòåëü
   motive – ïîâîä, ìîòèâ
   motor – åõàòü íà àâòîìîáèëå
   motor-cycle – ìîòîöèêë
   motorship – òåïëîõîä
   mould – ôîðìîâàòü
   mourn – ñåòîâàòü
   mouth – ðîò
   mover – äâèæóùàÿ ñèëà
   movie – êèíîôèëüì
   mud – ãðÿçü
   mug – ãðàáèòü íà óëèöå
   mugging – ãðàáåæ ñ íàñèëèåì
   multilateral – ìíîãîñòîðîííèé
   multiple – ìíîãîêðàòíûé
   multiracial – ìíîãîðàñîâûé
   multitude – ìíîæåñòâî
   municipalization – ìóíèöèïàëèçàöèÿ
   muscle – ìóñêóë
   myriad – íåñìåòíîå ÷èñëî
   mysterious – òàèíñòâåííûé
   mystery – òàéíà
   myth – ìèô
   naked – ãîëûé, îáíàæåííûé
   namely – à èìåííî
   narrow – óçêèé
   natal – îòíîñÿùèéñÿ ê ðîæäåíèþ
   nationalism – íàöèîíàëèçì
   nationality – íàöèîíàëüíîñòü
   nationalization – íàöèîíàëèçàöèÿ
   nationalize – íàöèîíàëèçèðîâàòü
   nationally – âñåíàðîäíî
   nation-wide – âñåíàðîäíûé
   naturally – åñòåñòâåííî
   navigator – ìîðåïëàâàòåëü
   needlework – øèòüå
   needy – íóæäàþùèéñÿ
   negligence – íåáðåæíîñòü
   neighbouring – ñîñåäíèé
   nerve – ìóæåñòâî
   nervous – íåðâíûé
   nest – ãíåçäî
   net – ñåòü
   neurologist – íåâðîïàòîëîã
   neurotic – íåâðîòè÷åñêèé
   neutral – íåéòðàëüíûé
   neutrality – íåéòðàëèòåò
   newcomer – íîâè÷îê
   newmarket – äëèííîå ïàëüòî â òàëèþ
   newsletter – íîâîñòè
   newsman – ãàçåò÷èê
   next – çàòåì, ïîñëå, ðÿäîì ñ, îêîëî
   nicely – õîðîøî
   nightingale – ñîëîâåé
   nightly – íî÷üþ
   nineteen – äåâÿòíàäöàòü
   ninth – äåâÿòûé
   nitrogen – àçîò
   nod – êèâàòü
   noise – øóì
   nominal – íîìèíàëüíûé
   nominate – âûñòàâëÿòü êàíäèäàòà
   non-nuclear – íåÿäåðíûé
   non-union – íåïðîôñîþçíûé
   noon – ïîëäåíü
   normalization – íîðìàëèçàöèÿ
   north – ê ñåâåðó, íà ñåâåð
   nose – íîñ
   notable – çàìåòíûé
   notably – èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî
   notion – ïîíÿòèå
   novel – ðîìàí
   novelist – ðîìàíèñò
   novice – íîâè÷îê
   nowadays – â íàøå âðåìÿ
   nowhere – íèãäå, íèêóäà
   nuclear-free – ñâîáîäíûé îò ÿäåðíîãî îðóæèÿ
   nuisance – äîñàäà
   numerous – ìíîãî÷èñëåííûé
   nylon – íåéëîí
   oak – äóá
   obey – ïîä÷èíÿòüñÿ
   object – îáúåêò
   objective – îáúåêòèâíûé
   obligation – îáÿçàòåëüñòâî
   oblige – îáÿçûâàòü
   obscene – íåïðèñòîéíûé
   obscenity – íåïðèñòîéíîñòü
   obsession – îäåðæèìîñòü
   obstacle – ïðåïÿòñòâèå
   obstruct – ïðåïÿòñòâîâàòü
   obtainable – äîñòóïíûé
   occasional – ñëó÷àéíûé
   occasionally – èçðåäêà
   occupancy – çàíÿòèå
   occupant – æèòåëü
   offend – îáèæàòü
   offender – îáèä÷èê
   offensive – íàñòóïëåíèå
   offering – ïðåäëîæåíèå
   officially – îôèöèàëüíî
   offset – êîìïåíñèðîâàòü
   offshore – íàõîäÿùèéñÿ íà ðàññòîÿíèè îò áåðåãà
   Olympics – îëèìïèéñêèå èãðû
   ominous – çëîâåùèé
   onto – íà
   opener – èíñòðóìåíò äëÿ îòêðûâàíèÿ
   openly – îòêðûòî
   operatic – îïåðíûé
   operational – îïåðàöèîííûé
   operative – äåéñòâóþùèé
   opt – âûáèðàòü
   option – âûáîð
   orbit – îðáèòà
   orbital – îðáèòàëüíûé
   orchestral – îðêåñòðîâûé
   ordinarily – îáû÷íî
   ore – ðóäà
   organized – îðãàíèçîâàííûé
   Orient – Âîñòîê
   origin – èñòî÷íèê
   originally – ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî
   originate – äàâàòü íà÷àëî
   orthodox – îðòîäîêñàëüíûé
   other – â ñî÷åòàíèè
   ours – íàø
   ourselves – ñåáÿ
   ouster – âûñåëåíèå
   outbreak – âçðûâ
   outburst – âñïûøêà
   outdoor – íàõîäÿùèéñÿ íà îòêðûòîì âîçäóõå
   outer – âíåøíèé
   outfield – äàëüíÿÿ ÷àñòü ïîëÿ
   outgo – ïðåâîñõîäèòü
   outlet – âûõîäíîå îòâåðñòèå
   outline – î÷åðê, ýñêèç, îáðèñîâàòü
   outlook – ïåðñïåêòèâà
   outrage – ïðåñòóïàòü çàêîí
   outrageous – íåèñòîâûé
   outright – ïðÿìî
   outset – íà÷àëî
   outside – íàðóæíàÿ ñòîðîíà, âíå, êðîìå
   outsider – àóòñàéäåð
   ovation – îâàöèÿ
   overlap – ïåðåêðûâàòü
   overload – ïåðåãðóæàòü
   overtake – äîãîíÿòü
   overthrow – ñâåðãàòü
   overwhelm – ïðåîäîëåòü
   overwhelmingly – ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî
   owe – áûòü äîëæíûì
   owing – äîëæíûé
   packet – ïàêåò
   pagoda – ïàãîäà
   pain – áîëü
   painful – áîëåçíåííûé
   pairing – ñî÷åòàíèå
   pale – áëåäíûé
   Palestinian – ïàëåñòèíñêèé
   palm – ëàäîíü
   pamphlet – ïàìôëåò
   pan – ñêîâîðîäà
   pancake – áëèí
   panic – ïàíèêà
   parachute – ïàðàøþò
   parade – ñòðîèòü
   paradise – ãàëåðêà
   paradox – ïàðàäîêñ
   paragraph – ïàðàãðàô
   parallel – ïàðàëëåëüíûé
   parcel – ïàêåò
   parish – öåðêîâíûé ïðèõîä
   parity – ðàâåíñòâî
   park – ïàðê, ïàðêîâàòü
   parking – ñòîÿíêà àâòîìàøèí
   parkway – àëëåÿ
   parliamentarian – ïàðëàìåíòàðèé
   partial – ÷àñòè÷íûé
   partition – ðàçäåëåíèå
   partnership – ó÷àñòèå
   passing – ïðîõîæäåíèå
   passion – ñòðàñòü
   passionate – ñòðàñòíûé
   passionately – ñòðàñòíî
   passport – ïàñïîðò
   past – çà, ïîñëå
   pat – õëîïîê
   patch – çàïëàòà
   path – ïóòü
   patient – òåðïåëèâûé
   patriarch – ïàòðèàðõ
   patrol – ïàòðóëü
   pause – ïàóçà
   pave – ìîñòèòü
   pavement – òðîòóàð
   pavilion – ïàâèëüîí
   payable – ïîäëåæàùèé îïëàòå
   paying – ïëàòåæ
   peacefully – ìèðíî
   peach – ïåðñèê
   peanut – àðàõèñ
   pear – ãðóøà
   pearl – æåì÷óã
   peasant – êðåñòüÿíèí
   peculiar – îñîáåííûé
   peddler – ðàçíîñ÷èê
   peer – ïýð
   penny – ïåííè
   perfect – ñîâåðøåííûé
   perfectly – ñîâåðøåííî
   peril – îïàñíîñòü
   periodic – ïåðèîäè÷åñêèé
   permanently – ïîñòîÿííî
   permissible – äîïóñòèìûé
   persecution – ïðåñëåäîâàíèå
   persist – óïîðñòâîâàòü
   persistent – íàñòîé÷èâûé
   persistently – íàñòîé÷èâî
   personally – ëè÷íî
   perspective – ïåðñïåêòèâà, ïåðñïåêòèâíûé
   pessimism – ïåññèìèçì
   petroleum – íåôòü
   phase – ôàçà, ôàçèðîâàòü
   philharmonic – ôèëàðìîíèÿ
   philosophical – ôèëîñîôñêèé
   phone – òåëåôîí, çâîíèòü ïî òåëåôîíó
   photograph – ôîòîãðàôèÿ, ôîòîãðàôèðîâàòü
   photographer – ôîòîãðàô
   photographic – ôîòîãðàôè÷åñêèé
   physical – ôèçè÷åñêèé
   physically – ôèçè÷åñêè
   physician – âðà÷
   piano – ôîðòåïüÿíî
   picnic – ïèêíèê
   pier – ïèðñ, óñòîé
   pierce – ïðîíçàòü
   pig – ñâèíüÿ
   pile – êèïà, êó÷à, ñêëàäûâàòü
   pill – ïèëþëÿ
   pint – ïèíòà
   pipe – òðóáà
   pistol – ïèñòîëåò
   pitch – áðîñîê, óðîâåíü, ñîîðóæàòü
   pitcher – ïîäàþùèé
   pity – æàëîñòü
   placard – àôèøà
   plain – ðàâíèíà, ïîíÿòíûé
   plaint – æàëîâàòüñÿ
   plaintiff – èñòåö
   plane – ïàðèòü
   planet – ïëàíåòà
   plant – ñàæàòü
   planting – ïëàíòàöèÿ
   plasma – ïëàçìà
   plaster – ïëàñòûðü
   plateau – ïëàòî
   platform – ïëàòôîðìà
   platitude – áàíàëüíîñòü
   playwright – äðàìàòóðã
   plea – ïðîñüáà
   pleasant – ïðèÿòíûé
   plenary – íåîãðàíè÷åííûé
   plenum – ïëåíóì
   plot – ñîñòàâëÿòü ïëàí
   plough – ïàõàòü
   plunge – íûðÿòü
   PM – ïðåìüåð-ìèíèñòð
   p. m. – ïîñëå ïîëóäíÿ
   pocket – êàðìàí
   poem – ïîýìà
   poetry – ïîýçèÿ, ñòèõè
   poise – óðàâíîâåøèâàòü
   poison – ÿä, îòðàâëÿòü
   polish – ïîëèðîâàòü
   polite – âåæëèâûé
   politic – ïîëèòè÷íûé
   politician – ïîëèòèê
   poll – ïðîâîäèòü ñîãëàñîâàíèå
   pollution – çàãðÿçíåíèå
   polytechnic – ïîëèòåõíè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò
   pond – ïðóä
   pool – îáùèé ôîíä
   pop – â ñòèëå «ïîï»
   popularity – ïîïóëÿðíîñòü
   porcelain – ôàðôîð
   porter – øâåéöàð
   portion – ÷àñòü, äîëÿ
   possession – âëàäåíèå
   post – îòïðàâëÿòü ïî ïî÷òå
   poster – ðåêëàìèðîâàòü
   post-war – ïîñëåâîåííûé
   potato – êàðòîôåëü
   potentially – ïîòåíöèàëüíî
   poultry – äîìàøíÿÿ ïòèöà
   pounce – íàëåòàòü
   pour – ëèòü
   powder – ïîðîøîê
   power – ñíàáæàòü ñèëîâûì äâèãàòåëåì
   powerfully – ñèëüíî
   practicable – îñóùåñòâèìûé
   practically – ïðàêòè÷åñêèé
   practise – ïðàêòèêîâàòü
   prairie – ïðåðèÿ
   pray – ìîëèòü
   preach – ïðîïîâåäîâàòü
   precarious – íåíàäåæíûé
   precaution – ïðåäîñòîðîæíîñòü
   precede – ïðåäøåñòâîâàòü
   precedent – ïðåöåäåíò
   precisely – òî÷íî
   precision – òî÷íîñòü
   predecessor – ïðåäøåñòâåííèê
   prejudice – ïðåäóáåæäåíèå
   preliminary – ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé
   prelude – âñòóïëåíèå
   premature – ïðåæäåâðåìåííûé
   prematurely – ïðåæäåâðåìåííî
   premiere – ïðåìüåðà
   premise – ïðåäïîñûëêà
   preparatory – ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíûé
   prepared – ãîòîâûé
   preponderant – ïðåîáëàäàþùèé
   prescribe – ïðåäïèñûâàòü
   presentation – ïðåäúÿâëåíèå
   preside – ïðåäñåäàòåëüñòâîâàòü
   presidency – ïðåçèäåíòñòâî
   presidential – ïðåçèäåíòñêèé
   presidium – ïðåçèäèóì
   presumably – âîçìîæíî
   presume – ïðåäïîëàãàòü
   pretend – èñïîëüçîâàòü â êà÷åñòâå ïðåäëîãà
   pretext – ïðåäëîã
   pretty – äîâîëüíî
   prevention – ïðåäîòâðàùåíèå
   preview – ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé ïîêàç êèíîôèëüìà
   prewar – äîâîåííûé
   prey – æåðòâà
   price – öåíà, îöåíèâàòü
   pride – ãîðäîñòü
   priest – ñâÿùåííèê
   primate – àðõèåïèñêîï
   primitive – ïðèìèòèâíûé
   principally – ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì
   printer – òèïîãðàô
   prior – ïðåæíèé
   priority – ïðèîðèòåò
   privacy – óåäèíåííîñòü
   privately – êîíôèäåíöèàëüíî
   privilege – ïðèâèëåãèÿ
   probability – âåðîÿòíîñòü
   probable – âåðîÿòíûé
   probe – çîíä
   process – îáðàáàòûâàòü
   productive – ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíûé
   professor – ïðîôåññîð
   profit – áûòü ïîëåçíûì
   programme – ïëàíèðîâàòü
   Progressive – ÷ëåí Ïðîãðåññèâíîé ïàðòèè
   prohibit – çàïðåùàòü
   prohibition – çàïðåùåíèå
   prolong – ïðîäëåâàòü
   promising – ìíîãîîáåùàþùèé
   promoter – ïîêðîâèòåëü
   promptly – áûñòðî
   prone – ñêëîííûé
   pronounce – ïðîèçíîñèòü
   proof – äîêàçàòåëüñòâî
   propagation – ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå
   proposition – ïðåäëîæåíèå
   proprietor – âëàäåëåö
   propulsion – äâèæåíèå âïåðåä
   prosecute – ïðåñëåäîâàòü â ñóäåáíîì ïîðÿäêå
   prosecutor – îáâèíèòåëü
   prospect – èññëåäîâàòü
   prosperity – ïðîöâåòàíèå
   prosperous – ïðåóñïåâàþùèé
   protective – çàùèòíûé
   protestant – ïðîòåñòàíò
   protester – ó÷àñòíèê êàìïàíèè ïðîòåñòà
   prototype – ïðîòîòèï
   proud – ãîðäûé
   proudly – ãîðäî
   provision – îáåñïå÷åíèå
   provisionals – «âðåìåííûå»
   provocation – ïðîâîêàöèÿ
   provocative – ïðîâîêàöèîííûé
   psychological – ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêèé
   psychology – ïñèõîëîãèÿ
   pub – ïèâíîé áàð
   publishing – èçäàòåëüñêîå äåëî
   pulp – ñåíñàöèîííûé ðàññêàç
   punch – ïåðôîðèðîâàòü
   punish – íàêàçûâàòü
   puppy – ùåíîê
   purchaser – ïîêóïàòåëü
   pure – ÷èñòûé
   purely – èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî
   purse – êîøåëåê
   puzzle – îçàäà÷èâàòü
   quarrel – ññîðà
   quarterly – êâàðòàëüíûé
   question – ñïðàøèâàòü
   queue – î÷åðåäü
   quintet – êâèíòåò
   quit – óâîëüíåíèå
   quota – êâîòà
   quotation – öèòàòà
   quote – öèòèðîâàòü
   racialist – ðàñèñò
   racing – ñîñòÿçàíèå â ñêîðîñòè
   racing – ãîíî÷íûé
   rack – íàïðÿãàòü
   racket – ðýêåò
   radar – ðàäèîëîêàòîð
   radical – ðàäèêàë
   radioactive – ðàäèîàêòèâíûé
   radioactivity – ðàäèîàêòèâíîñòü
   radius – ðàäèóñ
   raid – ðåéä
   railroad – æåëåçíàÿ äîðîãà
   railwayman – æåëåçíîäîðîæíèê
   rainbow – ðàäóãà
   rainless – çàñóøëèâûé
   raised – ðåëüåôíûé
   raising – âûðàùèâàíèå
   rally – ñîáèðàòü
   ranger – ñêèòàëåö
   rape – íàñèëîâàòü
   rapid – áûñòðûé
   rare – ðåçêèé
   rarely – ðåäêî
   rate – îöåíèâàòü
   ratepayer – íàëîãîïëàòåëüùèê
   ratify – ðàòèôèöèðîâàòü
   ration – ïàåê
   rational – ðàöèîíàëüíûé
   rationalization – ðàöèîíàëèçàöèÿ
   react – ðåàãèðîâàòü
   reactionary – ðåàêöèîíåð, ðåàêöèîííûé
   reactor – ðåàêòîð
   read – ÷òåíèå
   readily – îõîòíî
   readiness – íàõîä÷èâîñòü
   realization – ðåàëèçàöèÿ
   rear – çàäíèé
   reason – ðàññóæäàòü
   reasonably – ðàçóìíî
   reassign – âíîâü íàçíà÷àòü
   reassure – çàâåðÿòü
   rebate – ñîêðàùàòü
   rebellion – âîññòàíèå
   recapture – âçÿòü îáðàòíî
   receipt – ðàñïèñêà
   receiver – ïîëó÷àòåëü
   reception – ïðèåì
   recess – ïåðåðûâ â ðàáîòå
   recession – óõîä
   recipe – ðåöåïò
   recipient – ïîëó÷àòåëü
   reckon – ñ÷èòàòü
   reconciliation – ïðèìèðåíèå
   reconsider – ïåðåñìàòðèâàòü
   reconstruction – ðåêîíñòðóêöèÿ
   recorder – ðåãèñòðàòîð
   recording – ðåãèñòðàöèÿ
   recover – âûçäîðàâëèâàòü
   recreation – âîññîçäàíèå
   recruitment – âåðáîâêà
   rector – ðåêòîð
   redistribution – ïåðåðàñïðåäåëåíèå
   redouble – óñèëèâàòü
   redress – èñïðàâëÿòü
   redundancy – èçáûòîê
   re-equip – ïåðåîáîðóäîâàòü
   re-establish – âîññòàíàâëèâàòü
   re-examine – âíîâü èññëåäîâàòü
   referee – ðåôåðè
   referendum – ðåôåðåíäóì
   refine – î÷èùàòü
   reflation – íîâàÿ èíôëÿöèÿ
   reflecting – îòðàæàþùèé
   reformism – ðåôîðìèçì
   refuge – óáåæèùå
   refund – âîçìåùàòü óáûòêè
   regain – âíîâü ïðèîáðåñòè
   regard – âíèìàíèå
   regent – ðåãåíò
   regiment – ïîëê
   regret – ñîæàëåíèå
   rehabilitation – ðåàáèëèòàöèÿ
   rehearsal – ðåïåòèöèÿ
   rehouse – ïåðåñåëÿòü â íîâûå äîìà
   reign – öàðñòâîâàòü
   reinforce – óñèëèâàòü
   reinstate – âîññòàíàâëèâàòü
   reiterate – ïîâòîðÿòü
   rejection – îòêàç
   relative – ðîäñòâåííèê
   relax – îñëàáëÿòü
   relay – ñìåíà
   released – îñâîáîæäåííûé
   relegation – âûñûëêà
   relevant – èìåþùèé îòíîøåíèå
   reliable – íàäåæíûé
   relieve – îáëåã÷àòü
   religion – ðåëèãèÿ
   reluctance – íåîõîòà
   reluctant – äåëàþùèé ñ íåîõîòîé
   reluctantly – íåîõîòíî
   rely – ïîëàãàòüñÿ
   remainder – îñòàòîê
   remand – îò÷èñëÿòü
   remark – çàìå÷àíèå, çàìå÷àòü
   remarkably – çàìå÷àòåëüíî
   remedy – ñðåäñòâî
   renaissance – âîçðîæäåíèå
   render – îòäàâàòü
   rendezvous – ñâèäàíèå
   renewal – îáíîâëåíèå
   rent – ñäàâàòü âíàåì
   rental – ñóììà àðåíäíîé ïëàòû
   reopen – âîçîáíîâëÿòü
   reorganization – ðåîðãàíèçàöèÿ
   repay – îïëà÷èâàòü
   repeal – àííóëèðîâàíèå
   repertoire – ðåïåðòóàð
   repetition – ïîâòîðåíèå
   replacement – çàìåùåíèå
   reported – ñîîáùåííûé
   reprint – ïåðåèçäàíèå
   reproduction – âîñïðîèçâåäåíèå
   repudiation – îòðèöàíèå
   reputation – ðåïóòàöèÿ
   resale – ïåðåïðîäàæà
   rescuer – ñïàñèòåëü
   reselection – ïîâòîðíûé îòáîð
   resemble – ïîõîäèòü
   reservist – ðåçåðâèñò
   reservoir – ðåçåðâóàð
   residence – ðåçèäåíöèÿ
   residential – æèëîé
   resist – ñîïðîòèâëÿòüñÿ
   respective – ñîîòâåòñòâåííûé
   respectively – ñîîòâåòñòâåííî
   respond – îòâå÷àòü
   rest – îñòàâàòüñÿ
   restoration – ðåñòàâðàöèÿ
   restrain – ñäåðæèâàòü
   restrictive – îãðàíè÷èòåëüíûé
   resumption – âîçâðàùåíèå
   retail – ðîçíè÷íàÿ ïðîäàæà
   retaliation – âîçìåçäèå
   retard – çàäåðæèâàòü
   retention – óäåðæèâàíèå
   retired – îòñòàâíîé
   retiring – ñêðîìíûé
   reunification – âîññîåäèíåíèå
   revelation – îòêðûòèå
   revenge – ðåâàíø
   reversal – ïîëíîå èçìåíåíèå
   revert – âîçâðàùàòüñÿ
   revision – ïåðåñìîòð
   revive – îæèâàòü
   revolt – âîññòàòü
   rheumatic – ðåâìàòè÷åñêèé
   rheumatism – ðåâìàòèçì
   rhythm – ðèòì
   rib – ðåáðî
   rice – ðèñ
   ride – åõàòü âåðõîì
   rider – âñàäíèê
   ridge – õðåáåò
   ridiculous – ñìåøíîé
   ridiculously – ñìåøíî
   rifle – âèíòîâêà
   righthander – óäàð ïðàâîé
   rightly – ñïðàâåäëèâî
   rigid – æåñòêèé
   rigorous – ñóðîâûé
   rioter – ìÿòåæíèê
   rip – ðâàòü
   ripe – ñïåëûé
   rising – âîçðàñòàþùèé
   rivalry – ñîïåðíè÷åñòâî
   roar – ðåâåòü
   rob – ãðàáèòü
   robber – ãðàáèòåëü
   roll – ðóëîí, êàòèòü
   Roman – ðèìñêèé
   romantic – ðîìàíòè÷íûé
   romp – âîçèòüñÿ
   rookie – íîâè÷îê
   rope – ïðèâÿçûâàòü
   rotation – âðàùåíèå
   rough – íåðîâíûé
   round – îêðóãëÿòü
   roundsman – òîðãîâûé àãåíò
   routine – ðóòèíà
   royalist – ðåàëèñò
   royalty – êîðîëåâñêàÿ âëàñòü
   rubber – ðåçèíà
   rug – êîâåð
   ruin – ãèáåëü
   ruler – ïðàâèòåëü
   ruling – óïðàâëåíèå
   rumour – ñëóõ
   runner – áåãóí
   runner-up – ó÷àñòíèê ñîñòÿçàíèÿ
   running – ïðîáåã, áåãóùèé
   rural – ñåëüñêèé
   rush – íàòèñê, áðîñàòüñÿ
   rye – ðîæü
   sack – ìåøîê
   sacking – óâîëüíåíèå
   sacrifice – æåðòâà, ïðèíîñèòü â æåðòâó
   sad – ïå÷àëüíûé
   saddle – ñåäëî
   sadly – ïå÷àëüíî
   saga – ñàãà
   sail – ïëàâàòü
   sailor – ìîðÿê
   saint – ñâÿòîé
   salad – ñàëàò
   salary – çàðïëàòà
   salesman – ïðîäàâåö
   salute – ïðèâåòñòâîâàòü
   salvation – ñïàñåíèå
   sample – îáðàçåö
   sanction – ñàíêöèÿ
   sand – ïåñîê
   sandy – ïåñ÷àíûé
   sandwich – áóòåðáðîä
   sanitary – ñàíèòàðíûé
   satellite – ñïóòíèê
   satin – àòëàñ
   satirical – ñàòèðè÷åñêèé
   satisfactorily – óäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíî
   sausage – êîëáàñà
   savage – äèêèé
   savagely – ñâèðåïî
   scarce – ñêóäíûé
   scarcely – åäâà
   scare – ïàíèêà
   scare – ïóãàòü
   scarf – øàðô
   scatter – ðàññåèâàòü
   scholarship – ýðóäèöèÿ
   scientific – íàó÷íûé
   scope – ïðåäåëû
   scorer – ñ÷åò÷èê î÷êîâ
   Scot – øîòëàíäåö
   scout – ðàçâåä÷èê, ðàçâåäûâàòü
   scrap – âûáðàñûâàòü
   scratch – öàðàïàòü
   scream – êðè÷àòü
   scrip – âðåìåííàÿ àêöèÿ
   script – ðóêîïèñü
   scrub – òåðåòü
   scrutiny – òùàòåëüíûé îñìîòð
   sculpture – ñêóëüïòóðà
   seal – ñòàâèòü ïå÷àòü
   seaside – ïîáåðåæüå
   seasonal – ñåçîííûé
   second – ñåêóíäà
   secondary – âòîðè÷íûé
   second-hand – ïîäåðæàííûé
   secondly – âî-âòîðûõ
   sect – ñåêòà
   secure – ñïîêîéíûé
   sedate – ñïîêîéíûé
   seemingly – íà âèä
   seldom – ðåäêî
   selective – îòáîðíûé
   selector – îòáîðùèê
   seller – òîðãîâåö
   selling – ïðîäàæà
   semifinal – ïîëóôèíàë
   semi-skilled – íèçêîé êâàëèôèêàöèè
   seniority – ñòàðøèíñòâî
   sensation – ÷óâñòâî
   sensitive – ÷óâñòâèòåëüíûé
   separately – ñåïàðàòíî
   separation – îòäåëåíèå
   sequence – ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü
   sergeant – ñåðæàíò
   sermon – ïðîïîâåäü
   serving – ïîðöèÿ
   seventeen – ñåìíàäöàòü
   seventy – ñåìüäåñÿò
   severely – ñòðîãî
   sew – øèòü
   shade – òåíü
   shadow – òåíü
   shake – òðÿñòè
   shame – ñòûä
   shape – ôîðìà, ïðèäàâàòü ôîðìó
   shatter – ðàçáèòü
   shave – áðèòü
   sheer – íàñòîÿùèé
   shell – ñíàðÿä
   shelter – óáåæèùå
   shepherd – ïàñòóõ
   shield – çàùèòà
   shilling – øèëëèíã
   shine – ñâåò, ñâåòèòü
   shipowner – ñóäîâëàäåëåö
   shipyard – âåðôü
   shocking – ïîòðÿñàþùèé
   shopping – ïîñåùåíèå ìàãàçèíà ñ öåëüþ ïîêóïêè
   shorten – ñîêðàùàòü
   shot-gun – äðîáîâèê
   shoulder – ïëå÷î
   shower – ëèâåíü
   shrine – ñîõðàíÿòü
   shrug – ïîæèìàòü
   shy – ïóãëèâûé
   sick – áîëüíîé
   sicken – çàáîëåâàòü
   sickness – áîëåçíü
   side – áîêîâîé, áûòü íà ÷üåé-ëèáî ñòîðîíå
   side-effect – ïîáî÷íûé ýôôåêò
   sidewalk – òðîòóàð
   siege – îñàäà
   signal – ñèãíàë
   signatory – ñòîðîíà
   signature – ïîäïèñü
   significantly – çíà÷èòåëüíî
   signor – ñèíüîð
   silence – ìîë÷àíèå
   silo – ñèëîñíàÿ ÿìà
   similarly – òàêæå
   simplification – ïðîùåíèå
   simulate – ñèìóëèðîâàòü
   simulator – ñèìóëÿíò
   simultaneously – îäíîâðåìåííî
   single – îïðåäåëÿòü
   sinister – çëîâåùèé
   sink – òîíóòü
   sinking – ïîãðóæåíèå
   sister – ñåñòðà
   sit-in – ñèäÿ÷àÿ çàáàñòîâêà
   sixteen – øåñòíàäöàòü
   sixty – øåñòüäåñÿò
   sizeable – çíà÷èòåëüíûõ ðàçìåðîâ
   sketch – ýñêèç
   skipper – øêèïåð
   skirt – þáêà
   sky-scraper – íåáîñêðåá
   slab – ïëèòà
   slack – ñëàáûé
   slam – õëîïàíüå
   slap – õëîïàòü
   slash – ðóáèòü
   slavery – ðàáñòâî
   sleeve – ðóêàâ
   slice – ëîìîòü
   slide – ñêîëüçèòü
   slim – ñòðîéíûé
   slope – íàêëîí
   small-scale – íåáîëüøîãî ìàñøòàáà
   smart – ðåçêèé
   smartly – ëîâêî
   smile – óëûáàòüñÿ
   smoker – êóðèëüùèê
   smoking – êóðåíèå
   smooth – ñãëàæèâàíèå
   smooth – ãëàäêèé
   smuggle – çàíèìàòüñÿ êîíòðàáàíäîé
   snap – ùåëêàòü
   snatch – õâàòàòü
   snowdrop – ïîäñíåæíèê
   soap – ìûëî
   soar – ðåçêî ïîäíèìàòüñÿ
   socially – ñîöèàëüíî
   soft – ìÿãêèé
   soil – ïî÷âà
   solicitor – àäâîêàò
   solo – ñîëî
   soloist – ñîëèñò
   somehow – êàê-íèáóäü
   something – ïðèìåðíî
   sometime – êîãäà-íèáóäü
   somewhere – ãäå-òî
   sonny – ñûíîê
   sophisticated – ñëîæíûé
   sore – ðàíà
   sort – ñîðòèðîâàòü
   sovereign – ñóâåðåííûé
   sovereignty – ñóâåðåíèòåò
   soybean – ñîÿ
   spacecraft – êîñìè÷åñêèé êîðàáëü
   span – èíòåðâàë
   Spaniard – èñïàíåö
   spare – çàïàñíàÿ ÷àñòü, çàïàñíîé, áåðå÷ü
   sparrow – âîðîáåé
   specialist – ñïåöèàëèñò
   specialize – ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàòü
   specially – îñîáåííî
   species – ïîðîäà
   specify – óêàçûâàòü
   specimen – îáðàçåö
   spectacular – ýôôåêòíûé
   speed – ñïåøèòü
   speedily – áûñòðî
   speedway – ñïèäâåé
   sphere – ñôåðà
   spice – ñïåöèÿ
   spinage – øïèíàò
   spirited – æèâîé
   spiritual – äóõîâíûé
   splendid – âåëèêîëåïíûé
   spoil – ïîðòèòü
   sponsorship – ïîïå÷èòåëüñòâî
   spontaneously – ñïîíòàííî
   sporting – ñïîðòèâíûé
   squad – êîìàíäà
   squadron – ýñêàäðîí
   square – âûïðÿìëÿòü
   saint (St.) – ñâÿòîé
   stability – óñòîé÷èâîñòü
   stagger – øàòàíèå, øàòàòü
   stamp – øòàìï
   stance – ïîçà
   standardize – ñòàíäàðòèçèðîâàòü
   standing – ñòîÿùèé
   standpoint – òî÷êà çðåíèÿ
   standstill – çàñòîé
   starter – ñòàðòåð
   station – ïîìåùàòü
   statistical – ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèé
   stature – ðîñò
   statutory – óñòàíîâëåííûé çàêîíîì
   steadily – íåóêëîííî
   steam – ïàð
   steep – êðóòîé
   steer – ïðàâèòü
   stepmother – ìà÷åõà
   stern – ñòðîãèé
   stick – ïàëêà, âòûêàòü
   stimulate – ïîáóæäàòü
   stir – øåâåëèòü
   stockpile – çàïàñ
   stock-pot – êàñòðþëüêà äëÿ ìÿñíîãî áóëüîíà
   stomach – æåëóäîê
   storage – õðàíåíèå
   store – ñíàáæàòü
   stormy – áóðíûé
   straight – ïðÿìî
   straightforward – ïðÿìîé
   strangely – ñòðàííûì îáðàçîì
   strangle – çàäóøèòü
   straw – ñîëîìà
   strawberry – çåìëÿíèêà
   stream – ïîòîê, òå÷ü
   strict – òî÷íî
   strictly – ñòðîãî
   striker – çàáàñòîâùèê
   string – âåðåâêà
   strip – ïîëîñà
   strontium – ñòðîíöèé
   studio – ñòóäèÿ
   studious – ïðèëåæíûé
   stuff – âåùåñòâî, íàáèâàòü
   stumble – ñïîòûêàòüñÿ
   stump – ïåíü
   stun – îãëóøàòü
   subcontractor – ñóáïîäðÿä÷èê
   subject – ïîä÷èíåííûé
   submission – ïîä÷èíåíèå
   subscription – ïîäïèñàíèå
   subsequent – ïîñëåäóþùèé
   subsequently – âïîñëåäñòâèè
   substance – âåùåñòâî
   substitute – çàìåíà
   suburb – ïðèãîðîä
   subversion – ñâåðæåíèå
   subway – ìåòðî
   successfully – óñïåøíî
   successive – ïîñëåäóþùèé
   successor – ïðååìíèê
   suffrage – ïðàâî ãîëîñà
   suicide – ñàìîóáèéñòâî
   suit – õîäàòàéñòâî, óñòðàèâàòü
   suitcase – ÷åìîäàí
   suitor – ïðîñèòåëü
   summarize – ñóììèðîâàòü
   summary – êîíñïåêò, ñóììàðíûé
   summit – âåðøèíà
   sunlight – ñîëíå÷íûé ñâåò
   sunny – ñîëíå÷íûé
   sunshine – ñîëíå÷íûé ñâåò
   superintendent – óïðàâëÿþùèé
   superior – ñòàðøèé
   superiority – ñòàðøèíñòâî
   supersonic – ñâåðõçâóêîâîé
   supervision – íàäçîð
   supervisor – íàäçèðàòåëü
   supervisory – íàáëþäàòåëüíûé
   supplement – äîáàâëåíèå
   supplementary – äîïîëíèòåëüíûé
   supplier – ïîñòàâùèê
   supporting – îïîðíûé
   supposedly – ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî
   suppress – ïîäàâëÿòü
   suppression – ïîäàâëåíèå
   supremacy – ïðåâîñõîäñòâî
   surplus – èçëèøåê
   surprising – óäèâèòåëüíûé
   surprisingly – óäèâèòåëüíî
   surrender – ñäà÷à
   suspense – íåèçâåñòíîñòü
   suspension – ïîäâåøèâàíèå
   suspicious – ïîäîçðèòåëüíûé
   swallow – ãëîòàòü
   swan – ëåáåäü
   swear – êëÿñòüñÿ
   sweep – ðàçìàõ
   sweet – ñëàäêèé
   swell – íàäóâàòü
   swift – áûñòðûé
   swindler – ìîøåííèê
   switchboard – êîììóòàòîð
   symbol – ñèìâîë
   sympathetic – ñî÷óâñòâåííûé
   symptom – ñèìïòîì
   syndicate – ñèíäèêàò
   synthetic – ñèíòåòè÷åñêèé
   table – ñîñòàâëÿòü òàáëèöû
   tablet – òàáëåòêà
   tabloid – òàáëåòêà
   tabulation – òàáóëèðîâàíèå
   tack – êíîïêà
   tackle – õâàòàòü
   tactical – òàêòè÷åñêèé
   tailor – ïîðòíîé
   takeover – íàöèîíàëèçàöèÿ
   talented – òàëàíòëèâûé
   tangible – îñÿçàåìûé
   tank – òàíê
   tap – êðàí
   tape – ëåíòà
   taunt – íàñìåõàòüñÿ
   taxi – òàêñè
   taxiway – ðóëåæíàÿ äîðîæêà
   taxpayer – íàëîãîïëàòåëüùèê
   teaching – îáó÷åíèå
   team – îáúåäèíÿòüñÿ
   technological – òåõíè÷åñêèé
   ted – ðàñêèäûâàòü
   teenage – þíîøåñêèé
   teenager – ïîäðîñòîê
   telecast – òåëåâèçèîííàÿ ïåðåäà÷à
   telegraph – òåëåãðàôèðîâàòü
   televise – ïåðåäàâàòü ïî òåëåâèäåíèþ
   temperament – òåìïåðàìåíò
   temple – õðàì
   temporarily – âðåìåííî
   tempt – èñêóøàòü
   tendency – òåíäåíöèÿ
   tenement – àðåíäíîå èìóùåñòâî
   tentative – ïðîáíûé
   tenure – âëàäåíèå
   termination – êîíåö
   terrace – òåððàñà
   terribly – ñòðàøíî
   terrify – óæàñàòü
   territorial – òåððèòîðèàëüíûé
   terror – ñòðàõ
   terrorism – òåððîðèçì
   testament – çàâåùàíèå
   testify – ñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàòü
   testing – èñïûòàíèå
   text – òåêñò
   textbook – ó÷åáíèê
   theatrical – òåàòðàëüíûé
   theoretical – òåîðåòè÷åñêèé
   therapy – òåðàïèÿ
   thereby – òàêèì îáðàçîì
   thesis – òåçèñ
   thick – òîëñòûé
   thief – âîð
   thin – òîíêèé
   thinker – ìûñëèòåëü
   thirty – òðèäöàòü
   thorough – òùàòåëüíûé
   thread – íèòêà
   three-quarter – òðåõ÷åòâåðòíîé
   thresher – ìîëîòèëüùèê
   thrill – âîëíîâàòü
   thug – óáèéöà
   thunder – ãðåìåòü
   tide – ïðèëèâ è îòëèâ
   tiger – òèãð
   tighten – ñæèìàòü
   tights – òðèêî
   till – íå ðàíüøå
   timber – ëåñîìàòåðèàë
   time – ðàññ÷èòûâàòü
   timetable – ðàñïèñàíèå
   tin – îëîâî
   tiny – êðîøå÷íûé
   tip – êîí÷èê, íàêëîíÿòü
   toast – òîñò
   tobacco – òàáàê
   toe – êàñàòüñÿ
   tolerate – òåðïåòü
   tongue – ÿçûê
   tool – èíñòðóìåíò, äåéñòâîâàòü
   toolroom – èíñòðóìåíòàëüíûé öåõ
   tooth – çóá
   toothpaste – çóáíàÿ ïàñòà
   top – äîñòèãàòü óðîâíÿ
   topic – òåìà
   topple – âàëèòüñÿ
   toss – ìåòàíèå
   total – ïîäâîäèòü èòîã
   toughen – äåëàòü æåñòêèì
   tourney – òóðíèð
   towards – ê, ïî
   toy – èãðóøêà
   trace – ñëåäèòü
   trade – òîðãîâàòü
   tradition – òðàäèöèÿ
   traditionally – òðàäèöèîííî
   tragedy – òðàãåäèÿ
   tragic – òðàãè÷åñêèé
   train – ïîåçä
   trained – îáó÷åííûé
   tramp – áðîäÿãà
   transatlantic – òðàíñàòëàíòè÷åñêèé
   transfix – ïðîíçàòü
   transform – ïðåîáðàçîâûâàòü
   transformation – ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå
   transition – ïåðåõîä
   translate – ïåðåâîäèòü
   translation – ïåðåâîä
   transmission – ïåðåäà÷à
   transportation – ïåðåâîçêà
   traveller – ïóòåøåñòâåííèê
   travesty – ïàðîäèÿ
   tray – ïîäíîñ
   treasurer – êàçíà÷åé
   treat – óäîâîëüñòâèå
   tribal – ðîäîâîé
   tribe – ðîä
   tribune – òðèáóíà
   trick – õèòðîñòü
   trickle – ñòðóéêà
   trim – ïîðÿäîê
   triple – òðîéíîé
   triumphal – òðèóìôàëüíûé
   trolley – òåëåæêà
   trophy – òðîôåé
   trot – èäòè ðûñüþ
   troubled – áåñïîêîéíûé
   truant – ïðîãóëüùèê
   true – ïðàâäèâî
   truncheon – äóáèíêà ïîëèöåéñêîãî
   trustee – ïîïå÷èòåëü
   tube – òðóáà
   tune – ìåëîäèÿ
   tunnel – òóííåëü
   turf – äåðí
   turmoil – ñóìàòîõà
   turn – îáîðîò
   turner – ãèìíàñò
   twice – äâàæäû
   twin – äâîéíèê
   twist – êðóòèòü
   twisted – èñêðèâëåííûé
   two-way – äâóñòîðîííèé
   type – ïèñàòü íà ìàøèíêå
   typical – òèïè÷íûé
   ugly – áåçîáðàçíûé
   ultimate – ïîñëåäíèé
   ultimatum – óëüòèìàòóì
   ultra-left – óëüòðàëåâûé
   ultra-right – óëüòðàïðàâûé
   UN (United Nations) – Îðãàíèçàöèÿ Îáúåäèíåííûõ íàöèé (ÎÎÍ)
   unanimous – åäèíîäóøíûé
   unarmed – áåçîðóæíûé
   unaware – íåçíàþùèé
   unbearably – íåâûíîñèìî
   unbeaten – íåïðîòîðåííûé
   uncertain – íåÿñíûé
   unchanged – íåèçìåíèâøèéñÿ
   uncomfortable – íåóäîáíûé
   uncommon – íåîáûêíîâåííûé
   under – êíèçó, íèæå
   undergo – èñïûòûâàòü
   underline – ïîä÷åðêèâàòü
   underlying – ëåæàùèé â îñíîâå
   undermine – ïîäðûâàòü
   under-secretary – çàìåñòèòåëü ìèíèñòðà
   understandably – ïîíÿòíî
   undertaking – ïðåäïðèÿòèå
   undesirable – íåæåëàòåëüíûé
   undoubtedly – íåñîìíåííî
   unexpected – íåîæèäàííûé
   unfair – íåñïðàâåäëèâûé
   unfairly – íåñïðàâåäëèâî
   unfavourable – íåáëàãîïðèÿòíûé
   unfortunate – íåñ÷àñòëèâûé
   unfortunately – ê íåñ÷àñòüþ
   unhappy – íåñ÷àñòíûé
   uniformed – îäåòûé â ôîðìó
   unify – îáúåäèíÿòü
   unilateral – îäíîñòîðîííèé
   universal – âñåîáùèé
   unlike – íåïîõîæèé
   unlimited – íåîãðàíè÷åííûé
   unlucky – íåóäà÷íûé
   unnecessary – íåíóæíûé
   unofficial – íåîôèöèàëüíûé
   unpleasant – íåïðèÿòíûé
   unprecedented – áåñïðåöåäåíòíûé
   unpredictable – íåïðåäñêàçóåìûé
   unresolved – íåðåøåííûé
   unrest – áåñïîêîéñòâî
   unsatisfactory – íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíûé
   unspeakable – íåâûðàçèìûé
   unsuccessful – íåóäà÷íûé
   unsuccessfully – íåóäà÷íî
   untrue – íåâåðíûé
   unusually – íåîáû÷íî
   unwise – íåðàçóìíûé
   uphold – ïîääåðæèâàòü
   upstairs – íàâåðõó
   uranium – óðàí
   urgency – ñðî÷íîñòü
   urn – óðíà
   used – èñïîëüçîâàííûé
   useless – áåñïîëåçíûé
   user – ïîòðåáèòåëü
   usually – îáû÷íî
   utility – ïîëåçíîñòü
   utmost – êðàéíèé
   utter – ïðîèçíîñèòü
   vacancy – âàêàíñèÿ
   vacant – íåçàíÿòûé
   vacate – îñâîáîæäàòü
   vacation – êàíèêóëû
   vague – íåîïðåäåëåííûé
   valid – äåéñòâèòåëüíûé
   valuation – îöåíêà
   value – îöåíèâàòü
   van – àâàíãàðä
   vanish – èñ÷åçàòü
   vassal – âàññàë
   vastly – çíà÷èòåëüíî
   vault – ñâîä
   vegetable – ðàñòèòåëüíûé
   vehemently – ñèëüíî
   vein – âåíà
   venture – ðèñêîâàííîå ïðåäïðèÿòèå
   vertical – âåðòèêàëüíûé
   veto – âåòî
   via – ÷åðåç
   viable – æèçíåñïîñîáíûé
   vicar – âèêàðèé
   vice-chairman – çàìåñòèòåëü ïðåäñåäàòåëÿ
   victimization – ïðåñëåäîâàíèå
   view – îñìàòðèâàòü
   viewpoint – òî÷êà çðåíèÿ
   vigorous – ñèëüíûé
   vigorously – ñèëà
   vigour – ñèëà
   viking – âèêèíã
   villa – âèëëà
   villager – ñåëüñêèé æèòåëü
   violate – íàðóøàòü
   violent – íåèñòîâûé
   violently – íåèñòîâî
   violin – ñêðèïêà
   virgin – äåâñòâåííûé
   virtual – ôàêòè÷åñêèé
   virtually – ôàêòè÷åñêè
   virtue – äîáðîäåòåëü
   vision – çðåíèå
   visiting – ïðèåçæèé
   vocal – óñòíûé
   volunteer – ïðåäëàãàòü
   vow – äàâàòü îáåò, îáåùàíèå
   wage – íàíèìàòü
   wagon – òåëåæêà
   waiting – îæèäàíèå, îæèäàþùèé
   wake – áîäðñòâîâàíèå, ïðîñûïàòüñÿ
   walking – ãóëÿþùèé
   walkout – çàáàñòîâêà
   want – íåäîñòàòîê
   warfare – âîéíà
   warrant – îðäåð
   warship – âîåííûé êîðàáëü
   wartime – âîåííîå âðåìÿ
   wash – ìûòü
   waste – ïîòåðè, ðàñòî÷àòü
   wasteful – ðàñòî÷èòåëüíûé
   watching – íàáëþäåíèå
   water-colour – àêâàðåëü
   wave – ðàçâåâàòü
   weak – ñëàáûé
   weaken – îñëàáëÿòü
   wedding – ñâàäüáà
   wedge – âòèñêèâàòü
   weigh – âçâåøèâàòü
   Welsh – âàëëèéñêèé, óýëüñêèé
   wet – ìîêðûé
   whatsoever – ÷òî áû íè
   whenever – êîãäà áû íè
   whereas – òîãäà êàê
   whereby – ÷åì, ïðè ïîìîùè
   whip – õëûñò, õëåñòàòü
   whisper – øåïòàòü
   wholly – ïîëíîñòüþ
   wicked – çëîé
   wicket – êàëèòêà
   wield – äåðæàòü â ðóêàõ
   wildlife – çàðíèöà
   willing – ãîòîâûé
   willingness – ãîòîâíîñòü
   wind – ÷óÿòü
   winding – èçãèá
   windscreen – ïåðåäíåå ñòåêëî
   wine – âèíî
   winning – ïîáåäà, âûèãðûâàþùèé
   wipe – âûòèðàòü
   wire – ïðîâîëîêà
   wisdom – ìóäðîñòü
   wise – ìóäðûé
   wishful – æåëàåìûé
   witch – âåäüìà
   withdrawal – îòçûâ
   withhold – îòêàçûâàòüñÿ
   without – ñíàðóæè
   woefully – óäðó÷àþùå
   wolf – âîëê
   wonder – ÷óäî
   woo – óõàæèâàòü
   woodward – ëåñíè÷èé
   wool – øåðñòü
   workman – ðàáî÷èé
   workplace – ìåñòî ðàáîòû
   workshop – ìàñòåðñêàÿ
   worldwide – ìèðîâîé
   worsen – óõóäøàòü
   worship – ïîêëîíÿòüñÿ
   worthy – äîñòîéíûé
   wreck – âûçûâàòü êàòàñòðîôó
   wrecker – ãðàáèòåëü
   wright – ìàñòåð
   wrist – çàïÿñòüå
   yacht – ÿõòà
   Yankee – ÿíêè
   yearly – åæåãîäíî
   yes – äà
   yield – óðîæàé
   youngster – þíîøà
   yourself – ñåáÿ, ñåáå
   zinc – öèíê


   Äîïîëíèòåëüíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ

   Óìíûå ëþäè æèâóò äîëüøå. Ñìåðòíîñòü ëþäåé ñ âûñîêèì óðîâíåì îáðàçîâàíèÿ â ÷åòûðå ðàçà íèæå, ÷åì ó ìàëîîáðàçîâàííûõ. Äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè ñ÷èòàëîñü, ÷òî íà ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè ÷åëîâåêà â îñíîâíîì âëèÿþò òðè ôàêòîðà: íàñëåäñòâåííîñòü, îáðàç æèçíè è ýêîëîãèÿ. Îäíàêî ó÷åíûå ïðèøëè ê âûâîäó, ÷òî óìíûå æèâóò äîëüøå è ìåíüøå áîëåþò. Ñìåðòíîñòü ëþäåé ñ âûñîêèì óðîâíåì îáðàçîâàíèÿ â ÷åòûðå ðàçà íèæå, ÷åì ñìåðòíîñòü ìàëîîáðàçîâàííûõ. Îêàçûâàåòñÿ, ìîçã áåç íàãðóçêè ñòàðååò ãîðàçäî áûñòðåå. Ó÷åíûå äàâíî îáúÿñíÿþò ðàçëè÷èÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè çäîðîâüÿ ðàçíûõ ëþäåé èõ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòüþ ê ðàçíûì ñîöèàëüíûì ãðóïïàì è ðàçíèöåé â óðîâíå áëàãîñîñòîÿíèÿ. Áðèòàíñêèå ó÷åíûå ïîïîëíèëè ýòó êîíöåïöèþ íîâûìè äàííûìè. Îêàçûâàåòñÿ, óðîâåíü èíòåëëåêòà òàêæå âëèÿåò íà ñîñòîÿíèå çäîðîâüÿ ëþäåé. ×åì âûøå óðîâåíü èíòåëëåêòà ó ðåáåíêà, òåì áîëüøå øàíñîâ ó íåãî ïðîæèòü äîëüøå. Îêàçûâàåòñÿ, ÷òî «ìàëü÷èêè-î÷êàðèêè» – íàèáîëåå âûãîäíûå æåíèõè è ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíûå ìóæ÷èíû-ïðîèçâîäèòåëè ïîòîìñòâà. Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî ñïðîñ íà «áîòàíèêîâ» ó ïðåäñòàâèòåëüíèö ïðåêðàñíîãî ïîëà ðåçêî âîçðàñòåò. Äî ðåâîëþöèè â Ðîññèè íàëè÷èå î÷êîâ áûëî ïðèçíàêîì óìà, ñîñòîÿòåëüíîñòè, èíòåëëèãåíòíîñòè, áëàãîðîäíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ. Ñåé÷àñ èíòåëëåêòóàëîâ öåíÿò âî âñåì ìèðå, ïåðåìàíèâàþò èç äðóãèõ ñòðàí (óòå÷êà ìîçãîâ), îíè ÿâëÿþòñÿ îñíîâíûì ôàêòîðîì ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ðîñòà è áëàãîñîñòîÿíèÿ íàöèè.  Ðîññèè áîãà÷è – â îñíîâíîì õîðîøî îáðàçîâàííûå ëþäè. Äâå òðåòè èç íèõ èìåþò âûñøåå îáðàçîâàíèå. Ó áîëüøèíñòâà – 86 % – ðîäèòåëè ïðèíàäëåæàò ê èíòåëëèãåíöèè. Ñðåäè «êàïèòàíîâ» ðîññèéñêîãî áèçíåñà ïðàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóþò ëþäè áåç âûñøåãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ. Ó÷åíûå â êà÷åñòâå îïðåäåëÿþùèõ âûäåëÿþò òðè îñíîâíûõ êðèòåðèÿ, âëèÿþùèõ íà ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè: íàñëåäñòâåííîñòü (äî 20 %), îáðàç æèçíè (äî 55 %) è ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ôàêòîðû (20 %). Ïðè ýòîì â ïîêàçàòåëå «îáðàç æèçíè» íà ïåðâûõ ìåñòàõ íàõîäÿòñÿ ìàòåðèàëüíûé äîõîä è óðîâåíü îáðàçîâàíèÿ. Êñòàòè, â ñòðàíàõ Çàïàäà â ñâîåé ïðàêòèêå ñòðàõîâûå êîìïàíèè, îöåíèâàÿ ïðè ïîìîùè òåñòîâ ïîòåíöèàëüíóþ ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè êëèåíòà, îáÿçàòåëüíî âêëþ÷àþò ýòè ïîêàçàòåëè â âîïðîñíèê. Óðîâåíü ìàòåðèàëüíîãî áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ îêàçûâàåò çíà÷èòåëüíîå âëèÿíèå íà îáðàç æèçíè. Ëþäè ñ ìåíüøèìè äîõîäàìè ÷àùå áîëåþò è ðåæå ïðèáåãàþò ê ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè. Îäíàêî íà çäîðîâüå ÷åëîâåêà âëèÿþò íå ñòîëüêî ñàìèì äåíüãè, ñêîëüêî õàðàêòåð èõ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â èíòåðåñàõ çäîðîâüÿ. Íàïðèìåð, ëþäè ñ áîëåå âûñîêèìè äîõîäàìè èìåþò âîçìîæíîñòü ïîëó÷èòü ëó÷øåå îáðàçîâàíèå.  ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, ñìåðòíîñòü ëþäåé ñ âûñîêèì óðîâíåì îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïðèìåðíî â 1,5–4 ðàçà íèæå, ÷åì â ãðóïïàõ ñ íèçêèì óðîâíåì îáðàçîâàíèÿ. Ñ÷èòàåòñÿ òàêæå, ÷òî ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé ìîçã áåç íàãðóçêè ñòàðååò çíà÷èòåëüíî áûñòðåå. Ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè íàïðÿìóþ çàâèñèò îò óðîâíÿ èíòåëëåêòà. Âëèÿíèå îêàçûâàåò ñêëîííîñòü ê äîëãîâðåìåííîìó ïëàíèðîâàíèþ æèçíè ó óìíûõ ëþäåé, îíè áîëüøå ïðèñëóøèâàþòñÿ è ê ðåêîìåíäàöèÿì ìåäèêîâ. Êàê ïîêàçàëè ïîñëåäíèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, êóðåíèå òàêæå íåãàòèâíî âëèÿåò íà ìîçã è ñíèæàåò èíòåëëåêòóàëüíûå ñïîñîáíîñòè ÷åëîâåêà. Ñðàâíåíèå ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî êóðèëüùèêè «îòñòàëè» îò ñâîèõ íåêóðÿùèõ ñâåðñòíèêîâ ïî âñåì âèäàì ïðåäëîæåííûõ èì òåñòîâ. Çà íåñêîëüêî äåñÿòèëåòèé, ïðîøåäøèõ ñ ïåðâîãî îáñëåäîâàíèÿ, ó íèõ çíà÷èòåëüíî ñèëüíåå ñíèçèëèñü è ñïîñîáíîñòü ê ëîãè÷åñêîìó ìûøëåíèþ, è ñïîñîáíîñòü ê çàïîìèíàíèþ è âîñïðîèçâåäåíèþ èíôîðìàöèè.
   Ñåãîäíÿ áîëüøîé ïðîáëåìîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñåìåéíûé àëêîãîëèçì, ïîòîìó ÷òî îò çëîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ àëêîãîëåì ïðåæäå âñåãî ñòðàäàþò äåòè. Ðåáåíîê ìîæåò ïîñòðàäàòü óæå âî âðåìÿ çà÷àòèÿ, åñëè æåíùèíà âî âðåìÿ áåðåìåííîñòè ïðèíèìàëà ñïèðòíîå – åñòü áîëüøîé ðèñê íàðóøåíèÿ öåíòðàëüíîé íåðâíîé ñèñòåìû è äåôåêòà îðãàíîâ ðåáåíêà, âïëîòü äî óìñòâåííîé îòñòàëîñòè. Êðîìå òîãî, àëêîãîëèçì â ñåìüå ñîçäàåò êîìïëåêñ íåãàòèâíûõ ìàêðîñîöèàëüíûõ âîçäåéñòâèé íà ðåáåíêà.
   Ïîýòîìó äàæå åñëè ôèçè÷åñêîå ñîñòîÿíèå ðåáåíêà íå âûçûâàåò îïàñåíèé è ðàçâèâàåòñÿ áëàãîïîëó÷íî, ðåáåíîê ñ òðóäîì àäàïòèðóåòñÿ ñîöèàëüíî, ó òàêèõ äåòåé èç-çà íåïðàâèëüíîãî âîñïèòàíèÿ ÷àñòî ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ ïîâåäåí÷åñêèå è ëè÷íîñòíûå îòêëîíåíèÿ, êîòîðûå çàòðóäíÿþò ðàçâèòèå íîðìàëüíîãî ïîâåäåíèÿ è ñîöèàëüíîé àäàïòàöèè.
   Àëêîãîëü îêàçûâàåò âðåäíîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà ÿè÷êè è ÿè÷íèêè, áåç ðàçíèöû êàê ÷àñòî è êàê ñèëüíî ïðîèñõîäèò àëêîãîëüíîå îïüÿíåíèå, âî âñåõ ñëó÷àÿõ íàíîñèòñÿ ñóùåñòâåííûé âðåä îðãàíèçìó ÷åëîâåêà. Ó ëþäåé, áîëüíûõ àëêîãîëèçìîì, ïðîèñõîäèò æèðîâîå ïåðåðîæäåíèå ñåìåííûõ êàíàëüöåâ è ðàçðàñòàíèå ñîåäèíèòåëüíîé òêàíè â ïàðåíõèìå ÿè÷åê.
   Íàèáîëüøèì òîêñè÷åñêèì äåéñòâèåì îòëè÷àåòñÿ ïèâî, èìåííî ïèâî íàìíîãî ïðîùå äðóãèõ ñïèðòíûõ íàïèòêîâ ïîïàäàåò ÷åðåç ãåìàòîòåñòèêóëÿðíûé áàðüåð, ïðèâîäèò òåì ñàìûì ê æèðîâîìó ïåðåðîæäåíèþ æåëåçèñòîãî ýïèòåëèÿ ñåìåííûõ êàíàëüöåâ. Êðîìå ïðÿìîãî òîêñè÷åñêîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ àëêîãîëÿ íà ÿè÷êè, áîëüøîé óäàð íàíîñèòñÿ àëêîãîëüíîé çàâèñèìîñòüþ ïî ðàáîòå ïå÷åíè è åå ñïîñîáíîñòè ðàçðóøàòü ýñòðîãåí.
   Êàê èçâåñòíî, ïðè öèððîçå ïå÷åíè î÷åíü ñèëüíî óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ óðîâåíü ýñòðîãåíà, êàê ó ìóæ÷èí, òàê è ó æåíùèí, ýòî ñïîñîáñòâóåò òîðìîæåíèþ ãîíàäîòðîïíîé ôóíêöèè ãèïîôèçà è ïîñëåäóþùåé àòðîôèåé ïîëîâûõ æåë¸ç. Ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêîå óïîòðåáëåíèå àëêîãîëÿ ïðèâîäèò ê ñíèæåíèþ óñëîâíûõ è áåçóñëîâíûõ ðåôëåêñîâ (èç-çà òîðìîçíîãî äåéñòâèÿ ïîäêîðêîâûõ öåíòðîâ), íàðóøàåòñÿ òàêæå è ïîëîâàÿ ïîòåíöèÿ, ðàíî èëè ïîçäíî óæå çàâèñèò îò èíäèâèäóàëüíîé âûíîñëèâîñòè îðãàíèçìà.
   Ó æåíùèí âðåäíîå âîçäåéñòâèå àëêîãîëÿ âûðàæàåòñÿ â ðàññòðîéñòâàõ ñòàáèëüíîñòè è ðåãóëÿðíîñòè ìåíñòðóàëüíîãî öèêëà. Ó æåíùèí ñíèæàåòñÿ ëèáèäî èç-çà òîãî, ÷òî òîêñè÷åñêîå äåéñòâèå àëêîãîëÿ íà íàäïî÷å÷íèêè óõóäøàåò âûðàáîòêó â íèõ àíäðîãåíîâ, êîòîðûå îáóñëàâëèâàþò ïîëîâîå âëå÷åíèå. Íåðåäêè ñëó÷àè, êîãäà çëîóïîòðåáëåíèå àëêîãîëåì ïðèâîäèò ê ðàçâèòèþ âòîðè÷íîé ôðèãèäíîñòè.
   Óäèâèòåëüíî êðåïêèìè îêàçûâàþòñÿ ïîðîé ïðåäðàññóäêè. Âñå â æèçíè ìåíÿåòñÿ: óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ áëàãîñîñòîÿíèå, êóëüòóðà íàñåëåíèÿ ðàñòåò, ëþäè ïîëó÷àþò îáðàçîâàíèå, è âñå ðàâíî ïðåäðàññóäêè êàê áûëè, òàê è îñòàëèñü. Ê ïðèìåðó, ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì îïðîñîâ íåðåäêî ìîëîäûå ìàìû ñ÷èòàþò, ÷òî ìîæíî âûïèòü íåìíîãî ëåãêîãî âèíà â ïåðèîä êîðìëåíèÿ ðåáåíêà ãðóäüþ.
   À ïèâî ìíîãèå âîîáùå ñ÷èòàþò «ïîëåçíûì» íàïèòêîì, êîòîðûé ÿêîáû óâåëè÷èâàåò êîëè÷åñòâî ìîëîêà, áëàãîäàðÿ ÷åìó ðåáåíîê áîëüøå è ëó÷øå ïðèáàâëÿåò â âåñå. Êàãîð íåðåäêî îøèáî÷íî ñ÷èòàþò öåëåáíûì ñîêîì, íåçàìåíèìûì äëÿ áûñòðåéøåãî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ æåíñêîãî îðãàíèçìà ïîñëå ðîäîâ.
   Óäèâèòåëüíî, êàê â óñëîâèÿõ òàêîãî èçîáèëèÿ èíôîðìàöèè ìîæíî òàê çàáëóæäàòüñÿ. Ýòî åùå áîëåå ïîðàçèòåëüíî, åñëè ó÷åñòü èçó÷åííîñòü âðåäà àëêîãîëÿ è åãî âëèÿíèÿ íà ãðóäíîå âñêàðìëèâàíèå. Êîðìÿùàÿ ìàòü íå äîëæíà çàáûâàòü î òîì, ÷òî àëêîãîëü ñèëüíî âðåäèò îðãàíèçìó ãðóäíîãî ðåáåíêà è â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü îêàçûâàåò ïëîõîå âëèÿíèå íà åãî íåðâíóþ ñèñòåìó.
   Ïåðâûé ãîä æèçíè – ïðåæäå âñåãî èíòåíñèâíûé ðîñò è ðàçâèòèå ñòðóêòóðû ìîçãà. Ãîëîâíîé ìîçã ê êîíöó ïåðâîãî ãîäà óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ â ìàññå â 2 ðàçà. Àëêîãîëü æå ïðåïÿòñòâóåò ðîñòó è ðàçâèòèþ íîâûõ êëåòîê â ãîëîâíîì ìîçãå, ÷òî åñòü íàó÷íî äîêàçàííûé ôàêò. Ëþáàÿ äîçà àëêîãîëÿ ìîæåò ïðèäàòü íåðâíûì êëåòêàì àáñîëþòíî íåàäåêâàòíóþ ôîðìó è âèä.
   Äàæå î÷åíü ìàëåíüêàÿ äîçà àëêîãîëÿ, êîòîðàÿ ïîïàäàåò â îðãàíèçì ðåáåíêà ñ ìîëîêîì ìàòåðè, ìîæåò ïðèâåñòè ê ñåðüåçíûì íàðóøåíèÿì â ðàáîòå öåíòðàëüíîé íåðâíîé ñèñòåìû, è íåðåäêî ïðèâîäÿò ê íåîáðàòèìûì ïîñëåäñòâèÿì. Àëêîãîëü äåëàåò ðåáåíêà áåñïîêîéíûì, ðåáåíîê ïëîõî ñïèò, âîçíèêàþò ñóäîðîãè, ïñèõèêà ðàçâèâàåòñÿ íåïðàâèëüíî.
   Çàìå÷åíî, ÷òî ìíîãèå ëþäè íå çíàþò ýëåìåíòàðíûõ ïðàâèë ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà, íàïðèìåð:
   1. Êîëè÷åñòâî êàâû÷åê âñåãäà äîëæíî áûòü ÷åòíûì, êàê ñêîáêè â ìàòåìàòèêå.
   Ðÿäîì ñòîÿùèå êàâû÷êè ìîãóò áûòü äâóõ âèäîâ – «…» è «…» (ëàïêè è åëî÷êè).
   Ïðàâèëüíî: «ñëîâà «ñëîâà»" èëè «ñëîâà «ñëîâà»»
   Íåïðàâèëüíî: «ñëîâà»» è «ñëîâà «ñëîâà»
   Ýòè îøèáêè åñòü äàæå â íàçâàíèÿõ êðóïíûõ ôèðì è íåêîòîðûõ ñòàòüÿõ è êíèæêàõ.
   2. Åñëè â êîíöå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ åñòü èíôîðìàöèÿ â ñêîáêàõ, òî÷êà ñòàâèòñÿ ïîñëå ñêîáîê, íå ñòàâèòñÿ ïåðåä ñêîáêàìè è âíóòðè ïåðåä çàêðûâàþùåé ñêîáêîé.
   Ïðàâèëüíî: ñëîâà (ñëîâà).
   Íåïðàâèëüíî: ñëîâà. (ñëîâà.)
   Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âîçðîñëî çíà÷åíèå îáðàçîâàíèÿ è ñàìîîáðàçîâàíèÿ. Óìíûå ëþäè æèâóò äîëüøå. Ñìåðòíîñòü ëþäåé ñ âûñîêèì óðîâíåì îáðàçîâàíèÿ â ÷åòûðå ðàçà íèæå, ÷åì ó ìàëîîáðàçîâàííûõ. Äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè ñ÷èòàëîñü, ÷òî íà ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè ÷åëîâåêà â îñíîâíîì âëèÿþò òðè ôàêòîðà: íàñëåäñòâåííîñòü, îáðàç æèçíè è ýêîëîãèÿ. Îäíàêî ó÷åíûå ïðèøëè ê âûâîäó, ÷òî óìíûå æèâóò äîëüøå è ìåíüøå áîëåþò. Ñìåðòíîñòü ëþäåé ñ âûñîêèì óðîâíåì îáðàçîâàíèÿ â ÷åòûðå ðàçà íèæå, ÷åì ñìåðòíîñòü ìàëîîáðàçîâàííûõ. Îêàçûâàåòñÿ, ìîçã áåç íàãðóçêè ñòàðååò ãîðàçäî áûñòðåå. Ó÷åíûå äàâíî îáúÿñíÿþò ðàçëè÷èÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè çäîðîâüÿ ðàçíûõ ëþäåé èõ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòüþ ê ðàçíûì ñîöèàëüíûì ãðóïïàì è ðàçíèöåé â óðîâíå áëàãîñîñòîÿíèÿ. Áðèòàíñêèå ó÷åíûå ïîïîëíèëè ýòó êîíöåïöèþ íîâûìè äàííûìè. Îêàçûâàåòñÿ, óðîâåíü èíòåëëåêòà òàêæå âëèÿåò íà ñîñòîÿíèå çäîðîâüÿ ëþäåé. ×åì âûøå óðîâåíü èíòåëëåêòà ó ðåáåíêà, òåì áîëüøå øàíñîâ ó íåãî ïðîæèòü äîëüøå. Îêàçûâàåòñÿ, ÷òî «ìàëü÷èêè-î÷êàðèêè» – íàèáîëåå âûãîäíûå æåíèõè è ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíûå ìóæ÷èíû-ïðîèçâîäèòåëè ïîòîìñòâà. Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî ñïðîñ íà «áîòàíèêîâ» ó ïðåäñòàâèòåëüíèö ïðåêðàñíîãî ïîëà ðåçêî âîçðàñòåò. Äî ðåâîëþöèè â Ðîññèè íàëè÷èå î÷êîâ áûëî ïðèçíàêîì óìà, ñîñòîÿòåëüíîñòè, èíòåëëèãåíòíîñòè, áëàãîðîäíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ. Ñåé÷àñ èíòåëëåêòóàëîâ öåíÿò âî âñåì ìèðå, ïåðåìàíèâàþò èç äðóãèõ ñòðàí (óòå÷êà ìîçãîâ), îíè ÿâëÿþòñÿ îñíîâíûì ôàêòîðîì ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ðîñòà è áëàãîñîñòîÿíèÿ íàöèè.  Ðîññèè áîãà÷è – â îñíîâíîì õîðîøî îáðàçîâàííûå ëþäè. Äâå òðåòè èç íèõ èìåþò âûñøåå îáðàçîâàíèå. Ó áîëüøèíñòâà – 86 % – ðîäèòåëè ïðèíàäëåæàò ê èíòåëëèãåíöèè. Ñðåäè «êàïèòàíîâ» ðîññèéñêîãî áèçíåñà ïðàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóþò ëþäè áåç âûñøåãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ. Ó÷åíûå â êà÷åñòâå îïðåäåëÿþùèõ âûäåëÿþò òðè îñíîâíûõ êðèòåðèÿ, âëèÿþùèõ íà ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè: íàñëåäñòâåííîñòü (äî 20 %), îáðàç æèçíè (äî 55 %) è ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå ôàêòîðû (20 %). Ïðè ýòîì â ïîêàçàòåëå «îáðàç æèçíè» íà ïåðâûõ ìåñòàõ íàõîäÿòñÿ ìàòåðèàëüíûé äîõîä è óðîâåíü îáðàçîâàíèÿ. Êñòàòè, â ñòðàíàõ Çàïàäà â ñâîåé ïðàêòèêå ñòðàõîâûå êîìïàíèè, îöåíèâàÿ ïðè ïîìîùè òåñòîâ ïîòåíöèàëüíóþ ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè êëèåíòà, îáÿçàòåëüíî âêëþ÷àþò ýòè ïîêàçàòåëè â âîïðîñíèê. Óðîâåíü ìàòåðèàëüíîãî áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ îêàçûâàåò çíà÷èòåëüíîå âëèÿíèå íà îáðàç æèçíè. Ëþäè ñ ìåíüøèìè äîõîäàìè ÷àùå áîëåþò è ðåæå ïðèáåãàþò ê ìåäèöèíñêîé ïîìîùè. Îäíàêî íà çäîðîâüå ÷åëîâåêà âëèÿþò íå ñòîëüêî ñàìèì äåíüãè, ñêîëüêî õàðàêòåð èõ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â èíòåðåñàõ çäîðîâüÿ. Íàïðèìåð, ëþäè ñ áîëåå âûñîêèìè äîõîäàìè èìåþò âîçìîæíîñòü ïîëó÷èòü ëó÷øåå îáðàçîâàíèå.  ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, ñìåðòíîñòü ëþäåé ñ âûñîêèì óðîâíåì îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïðèìåðíî â 1,5–4 ðàçà íèæå, ÷åì â ãðóïïàõ ñ íèçêèì óðîâíåì îáðàçîâàíèÿ. Ñ÷èòàåòñÿ òàêæå, ÷òî ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé ìîçã áåç íàãðóçêè ñòàðååò çíà÷èòåëüíî áûñòðåå. Âûâîä: âûãîäíî çàíèìàòüñÿ ïîâûøåíèåì îáðàçîâàíèÿ è ñàìîîáðàçîâàíèÿ (èçó÷åíèå ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîé è îáùåîáðàçîâàòåëüíîé ëèòåðàòóðû).
   Îáðàçîâàíèå – ýòî èíâåñòèöèè â ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé êàïèòàë. Ïî äàííûì ñòàòèñòèêè, êàæäûé ãîä, çàòðà÷åííûé íà ó÷åáó, ïîâûøàåò çàðïëàòó ðàáîòíèêà â ñðåäíåì íà 10 %. Îáðàçîâàíèå íå òîëüêî ïîâûøàåò ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòü ðåöèïèåíòà (ò. å. ÷åëîâåêà, êîòîðûé åãî ïîëó÷èë), îíî èìååò ïîëîæèòåëüíûé âíåøíèé ýôôåêò (ýêñòåðíàëèþ). Âíåøíèé ýôôåêò ïðîèñõîäèò òîãäà, êîãäà äåéñòâèå îäíîãî ÷åëîâåêà ñêàçûâàåòñÿ íà áëàãîñîñòîÿíèè äðóãîãî ÷åëîâåêà èëè äðóãèõ ëþäåé. Îáðàçîâàííûé ÷åëîâåê ìîæåò âûäâèãàòü èäåè, êîòîðûå ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ïîëåçíûìè äëÿ äðóãèõ, âñåîáùèì äîñòîÿíèåì, èìè èìååò âîçìîæíîñòü ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êàæäûé, ïîïàâøèé â ñôåðó äåéñòâèÿ ïîëîæèòåëüíîãî âíåøíåãî ýôôåêòà îáðàçîâàíèÿ.  ýòîé ñâÿçè îñîáåííî íåãàòèâíûìè ïîñëåäñòâèÿìè îáëàäàåò ÿâëåíèå, ïîëó÷èâøåå íàçâàíèå «óòå÷êè óìîâ», òî åñòü ýìèãðàöèè íàèáîëåå îáðàçîâàííûõ è êâàëèôèöèðîâàííûõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ èç áåäíûõ ñòðàí è ñòðàí ñ ïåðåõîäíîé ýêîíîìèêîé â áîãàòûå ñòðàíû, èìåþùèå âûñîêèé óðîâåíü æèçíè.
   Ñóùåñòâåííîé ïðîáëåìîé ðàçâèòèÿ (â ò. ÷. êàðüåðíîãî) ÿâëÿåòñÿ âðåäíûå ïðèâû÷êè. Àëêîãîëü íåîáðàòèìî ðàçðóøàåò êëåòêè ìîçãà (â ëþáîì êîëè÷åñòâå), âåäåò ê èìïîòåíöèè ó ìóæ÷èí è ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèì ïðîáëåìàì ó æåíùèí. Äëÿ çäîðîâîãî ÷åëîâåêà íå ñóùåñòâóåò ïîëåçíîãî àëêîãîëÿ – îí âðåäåí â ëþáûõ êîëè÷åñòâàõ è âèäàõ. Ýòî äàâíî èçâåñòíî, íî çàìàë÷èâàåòñÿ èç êîðûñòíûõ öåëåé. Íàîáîðîò, ïðîïëà÷åííûå æóðíàëèñòû è «ýêñïåðòû», ôèëüìû è ñåðèàëû (ñ îãðîìíûìè ðåêëàìíûìè áþäæåòàìè) ïèàðÿò íåçäîðîâûé îáðàç æèçíè – ðåêëàìà îêóïàåòñÿ â ðàçû, ïðàâäà öåíîé çäîðîâüÿ ìèëëèîíîâ. Êóðåíèå òàêæå âåäåò ê ïå÷àëüíûì ïîñëåäñòâèÿì, ÷àñòî íåîáðàòèìûì. Êóðÿùèå ìåíåå òðóäîñïîñîáíû, ïîýòîìó â ðàçâèòûõ ñòðàíàõ èõ ñòàðàþòñÿ íå áðàòü íà ðàáîòó, îñîáåííî íà çíà÷èìûå äîëæíîñòè, ïîäîáíàÿ òåíäåíöèÿ çàìåòíà â êðóïíûõ óñïåøíûõ Ðîññèéñêèõ êîìïàíèÿõ. Çàêîíîäàòåëüíîå îãðàíè÷åíèå êóðåíèÿ â îáùåñòâåííûõ ìåñòàõ ãîâîðèò î ïîâûøåííîé ýãîèñòè÷íîñòè êóðÿùèõ, êîòîðûå íå äóìàþò îá îêðóæàþùèõ – ñîãëàñèòåñü, ýòî íå ñàìîå ëó÷øåå êà÷àñòâî äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ ëþäüìè, ÷òî ïðåêðàñíî ïîíèìàþò ñïåöèàëèñòû ïî ïîäáîðó ïåðñîíàëà.
   Êàê ïîêàçàëè ïîñëåäíèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, êóðåíèå íåãàòèâíî âëèÿåò íà ìîçã è ñíèæàåò èíòåëëåêòóàëüíûå ñïîñîáíîñòè ÷åëîâåêà. Ñðàâíåíèå ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî êóðèëüùèêè «îòñòàëè» îò ñâîèõ íåêóðÿùèõ ñâåðñòíèêîâ ïî âñåì âèäàì ïðåäëîæåííûõ èì òåñòîâ. Çà íåñêîëüêî äåñÿòèëåòèé, ïðîøåäøèõ ñ ïåðâîãî îáñëåäîâàíèÿ, ó íèõ çíà÷èòåëüíî ñèëüíåå ñíèçèëèñü è ñïîñîáíîñòü ê ëîãè÷åñêîìó ìûøëåíèþ, è ñïîñîáíîñòü ê çàïîìèíàíèþ è âîñïðîèçâåäåíèþ èíôîðìàöèè.


   Ðåêîìåíäóåìàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà äëÿ èçó÷àþùèõ èíîñòðàííûå ÿçûêè

   Àâòîð Äåíèñ Øåâ÷óê
   Ýëåêòðîííûå êíèãè
   (ìîæíî êóïèòü èëè ïðî÷èòàòü îíëàéí áåñïëàòíî íà ñàéòå litres.ru)
   http://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_authors/?subject=61041&lfrom=102
   1. Äåíèñ Øåâ÷óê. Àíãëèéñêèé äëÿ ýêîíîìèñòîâ (ó÷åáíèê àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà)
   2. Äåíèñ Øåâ÷óê. Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê: ñàìîó÷èòåëü
   3. Äåíèñ Øåâ÷óê. Äåëîâîé àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê: ñòàíäàðòíûå ôðàçû íà àíãëèéñêîì
   4. Äåíèñ Øåâ÷óê. Äåëîâîé àíãëèéñêèé: áèçíåñ-êóðñ àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà
   5. Äåíèñ Øåâ÷óê. Ìåòîäèêà èçó÷åíèÿ èíîñòðàííîãî ÿçûêà (óñêîðåííîå èçó÷åíèå)
   6. Äåíèñ Øåâ÷óê. Ïèñüìî íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå: ïðèìåðû, êàê ïèñàòü (ëè÷íîå, äåëîâîå, ðåçþìå, ãîòîâûå ïèñüìà êàê îáðàçåö)
   Áóìàæíûå êíèãè
   Ìîæíî çàêàçàòü ïî èíòåðíåò-ìàãàçèíàì ñ ðàçëè÷íûìè âàðèàíòàìè äîñòàâêè (íàïðèìåð ozon.ru, sprinter.ru, zone-x.ru è äð.)
   http://www.sprinter.ru/?partner=42
   http://www.ozon.ru/?partner=dshevchuk
   http://www.zone-x.ru/DispetchShowPage.asp?Partner=827
   èëè êóïèòü â îáû÷íûõ êíèæíûõ, íàïðèìåð â Ìîñêâå: Áèáëèî-Ãëîáóñ (ì. «Ëóáÿíêà»,
   «Êóçíåöêèé ìîñò», «Êèòàé-ãîðîä»), Áèáëèî-Ñôåðà (ì. Ïðîëåòàðñêàÿ), Ìîëîäàÿ Ãâàðäèÿ (ì. Ïîëÿíêà), «Ìîñêîâñêèé Äîì Êíèãè» íà Àðáàòå è äð.
   1. Øåâ÷óê Ä.À. Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê. Óñêîðåííûé êóðñ: ñðåäíèé óðîâåíü. – Ì: Àñò: Âîñòîê – Çàïàä, 2007.
   2. Øåâ÷óê Ä.À. Âíåøíåýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü: Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå. – Ðîñòîâ-íà-äîíó: Ôåíèêñ, 2006.
   3. Øåâ÷óê Ä.À. Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ó÷åò: Êîíñïåêò ëåêöèé. – Ðîñòîâ-íà-äîíó: Ôåíèêñ, 2007.
   4. Øåâ÷óê Ä.À. Ìèðîâàÿ ýêîíîìèêà: Êîíñïåêò ëåêöèé. – Ðîñòîâ-íà-äîíó: Ôåíèêñ, 2007.
   5. Øåâ÷óê Â.À., Øåâ÷óê Ä.À. Ìåæäóíàðîäíûå ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå îòíîøåíèÿ: Ó÷åá. ïîñîáèå. – Ì.: Èçäàòåëüñòâî ÐÈÎÐ, 2006.
   Ïåðèîäè÷åñêèå èçäàíèÿ:
   1. æóðíàë Ïðàâî è Ýêîíîìèêà (ðåêîìåíäîâàí ÂÀÊ)
   2. æóðíàë Êîëëåãèÿ
   3. Ôèíàíñîâàÿ ãàçåòà
   Ñàéò àâòîðà: http://www.deniskredit.ru