Текст книги "21-й – 30-й тесты. Английский язык. ЕГЭ, 2023. На базе материалов ФИПИ"

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—24.

Choosing a Career

19. Jane had always wanted to be a nurse and help ……………… in need. Her father, however, thought that nursing was not a suitable profession for her.

PERSON

20. When she left school, she ……………… a job as a doctor’s receptionist.

OFFER

21. Jane ……………… to take the job, so she decided to talk to her friend Ann about what she should do.

NOT WANT

22. When Jane came to Ann’s house, Ann met her in the garden. «Hello, Jane! You look so unhappy! What ……………… (you) about?»

THINK

23. While Jane ……………… her problem, Ann’s mother shouted to the girls to come over.

EXPLAIN

24. She said that Ann’s father ……………… an accident and he was in hospital.

HAVE

***

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25—29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.

Edinburgh

25. Edinburgh is one of the most written-about cities on earth. Built on ancient volcanoes and first established because of its secure and ……………………… position, the capital of Scotland has become a crossroads.

DEFENCE

26. ……………………… everyone who comes to Scotland today spends some time in this city.

PRACTICAL

27. Edinburgh is the second most popular tourist destination in Great Britain and it’s not hard to see why. Its midsummer ……………………… festival is one of the biggest in the world.

NATION

28. Edinburgh is a delight to explore on foot: most of its ……………………… are contained within a compact central area.

ATTRACT

29. With streets steeped in history and a thriving ……………………… scene, Edinburgh offers the perfect balance between traditional and contemporary things.

CULTURE

***

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30—36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30—36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The Archipelago

In the remote southern seas there is a cluster of islands. Each island is inhabited by a different race of people. Although physically they look alike, you can tell them 30 … by their styles of dress and their distinctive dialects. Each island has its own unique form of architecture. The only similarity between them is that each race builds in a manner that is 31 … odds with the environment. On rocky hillsides there are wooden huts and in wooded valleys you can see towns of brick. Arid uplands are irrigated and planted with leafy gardens, whereas, on fertile plains, the parks are paved with stone. 32 … their differences, the islanders coexist peacefully. There is rivalry over certain fishing waters but it rarely 33 … to more than a few heated exchanges.

At the centre of the archipelago, perhaps in the most favoured spot of all, lies an island that has been deserted for many generations. It looks very different from the rest: darker, taller, silent. There is no obvious reason 34 … its abandonment as it has good soil and plenty of freshwater.

Long ago, it was inhabited by farmers and fishermen much like everywhere else in the archipelago, but everything changed when they started building the first wall. As soon as it was finished a second circle of battlements began to rise from the centre, slightly narrower than the one before, so that from faraway the island 35 … an enormous wedding cake.

Nobody can explain why the wall was started but there are many theories as to why it was never finished. Some say that so many had perished during its construction, that no one dared halt the work and thereby admit that it had all been in vain. Others claim that the builders simply 36 … out of materials. But one thing is certain, the predicted threat never arrived and the people at the centre of the archipelago had, quite simply, bricked themselves in.

По окончании выполнения заданий 19—36 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 19—29 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

!Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.

Раздел 4. Письменная речь

Для ответов на задания 37 и 38 используйте бланк ответов №2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями или использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 37 и 38 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Укажите номер задания 37 в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и напишите текст своего ответного электронного письма зарубежному другу по переписке.

37. You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary:

From: Mary @mail.uk

To: [email protected]

Subject: School

…I hope everything is fine at school. What’s your regular school day this year like? What is your favourite school subject, and why? What afterschool clubs do you plan to join this year, if any at all?

I’ve got a new pet…

Write an email to Mary.

In your message:

– answer his questions;

– ask 3 questions about her new pet.

Write 100—140 words.

Remember the rules of email writing.

***

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных заданий (38.1 или 38.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и выполните согласно данному плану. В ответе на задание 38 числительные пишите цифрами.

38.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on why teens have to learn traffic laws in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject – the results of various polls (see the table below).

Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

Write 200—250 words.

Use the following plan:

– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

– select and report 2—3 facts;

– make 1—2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

– outline a problem that can arise with learning traffic laws and suggest a way of solving it;

– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of learning traffic laws.

Problems of Populaion Growth

***

38.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on what, according to teens, population growth in Zetland can lead to. You have found some data on the subject – the results оf the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).

Comment on the data in the pie chart and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

Problems of Population Growth in Zetland

Write 200—250 words.

Use the following plan:

– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

– select and report 2—3 facts;

– make 1—2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

– outline a problem that one can face with overpopulation and suggest a way of solving it;

– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of population growth control.

!Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.

Test 22. Устная часть

Task 1

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

Scientists say that in the future people will live longer. With healthier lifestyles and better I medical care the average person will live tolOO. But that’s tomorrow. And today, we continue to stuff ourselves with fast food. What is tasty is not always healthy. Doctors say that chips and pizzas are fattening, cola spoils our teeth and coffee shortens our lives. If we eat too much, it will lead to heart disease and other serious illnesses. But the world today is getting fatter and fatter. Lack of exercise is another serious problem. We spend hours in front of our computers and TV-sets. Few of us do morning exercises. We walk less, because we prefer to use cars or public transport. It’s common knowledge that smoking and drinking can shorten our lives dramatically. Yet many young people smoke and drink. We all know that the healthier we are, the better we feel. The better we feel, the longer we live. So why not take care of ourselves?

Task 2

Study the advertisement.

You are considering buying a skateboard and you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following:

1) if there are extra wheels in the kit

2) a free delivery service

3) country producer

4) availability of other colors of the skateboard

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task 3

You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions.

Give full answers to the questions (2—3 sentences).

Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Typescript for Task 3

Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s the Club «TV World». Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss modern TV. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.

Electronic assistant: How often do you watch TV?

Student: _______________________

Electronic assistant: How can TV be harmful to your health?

Student: _______________________

Electronic assistant: What are your favourite TV programs?

Student: _______________________

Electronic assistant: Why do you think many people prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema?

Student: _______________________

Electronic assistant: In what way can programmes in English improve students’ knowledge of English?

Student: _______________________

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.

Task 4

Imagine that you and your friend are doing a project «National Songs». You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to:

– explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;

– mention the advantages (1—2) of the two types of;

– mention the disadvantages (1—2) of the two types of learning and performing national songs;

– express your opinion on the subject of the project – whether you know and perform national songs and why.

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12—15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.

TEST 23

Раздел 1. Аудирование

1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. There are more minuses than pluses about changing schools.

2. Your experience of changing schools will depend on your personality.

3. Your marks can become worse if you change schools.

4. There are a lot of advantages about changing schools.

5. You can prepare better for your exams if you change schools.

6. Changing schools can be a chance to improve your life.

7. When changing schools, it’s hard to leave your past behind.

2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A. The young man thinks he can choose a present himself.

B. The man is choosing a present for his mother’s birthday.

C. The man doesn’t want to spend too much on the present.

D. The man doesn’t think a gift certificate is a good idea.

E. The shop assistant thinks a present would be better than an experience.

F. The young man’s girlfriend has a profile in In-m.

G. The young man often buys flowers to his girlfriend.

***

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3. The presenter introduces Bob Thomas as…

1) an outdoor lover.

2) a businessman.

3) a fisherman.

Ответ:

4. Bob’s company was founded by…

1) himself.

2) him and his brother.

3) his father.

Ответ:

5. Bob started working on fishing gear…

1) ten years ago.

2) when he was a very young child.

3) when he needed summer money.

Ответ:

6. Bob liked it that his father…

1) spent a lot of time with his children.

2) taught him to fish and hunt.

3) had a successful company.

Ответ:

7. Bob remembers that their family trips to Florida…

1) were very uncomfortable.

2) cost a lot of money.

3) taught him a lot.

Ответ:

8. Bob believes that as a father he…

1) needs to try hard to be like his own dad.

2) shouldn’t follow his father’s example.

3) needs to spend more time with his family.

Ответ:

9. Bob’s «words of wisdom» refer to…

1) his business.

2) nature.

3) family affairs.

Ответ:

По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

Раздел 2. Чтение

10. Установите соответствие между текстами A—G и заголовками 1—8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Future Rescuers

2. Origin of the Superstition

3. Risky Sport

4. Oldest Creatures

5. Discredited Myth

6. Distress Call

7. Visible Obstacle

8. Significant Difference

A. «When men first flew in space, they were amazed to discover that the only men-made object visible from orbit was the Great Wall of China.» This is a nice idea, but it’s not true. The Great Wall is mostly grey stone in a grey landscape and, in fact, is very difficult to see even from an aeroplane flying at a mere 15 kilometres above. What can be seen when orbiting the earth are the fires of African desert people and the lights of fishing boats off Japan.

В. The term «Mayday’ is an internationally recognized radio signal which is only used when a ship is in great danger and needs help immediately. The signal is transmitted on a wavelength of 2.182 kHz, which is permanently monitored by rescue services on the shore. The use of this expression has a very straightforward explanation. It came from the French phrase «m’aidez’, which means «help me’.

С. In 1700, Henri Misson, a Frenchman visiting Britain, asked villagers why they had horseshoes nailed above their doors. They said it was to keep witches away. Horseshoes are made of iron and the strength of the iron was thought to protect from evil. Still today they are thought to bring good luck and many brides carry silver ones at their weddings. The position of the horseshoe is very important. It must point upwards like a cup so that the luck cannot fall out.

D. Women generally live about six years longer than men. Evidence suggests that boys are the weaker sex at birth, which means that more die in infancy. Also, women do not have as much heart disease as men. In terms of lifestyle, men smoke more than women and thus more die of smoking-related diseases. Also, they generally have more dangerous occupations, such as building work.

E. Scientists say that rats can help look for earthquake survivors buried in the ruined buildings. Dogs are already used to search for people, but rats can be even more useful. Like dogs they’ve got a great sense of smell, but scientists still need to train rats to sniff out people and to carry special radio transmitters to let them know when the survivor is found. Rats may also be trained to find bombs or explosives.

F. Dinosaurs roared for about 150 million years before they disappeared. We humans have only been around for about 2 million years. But cockroaches are 350 million years old and still going strong! Cockroaches can survive in extreme conditions. They can be frozen, then thawed, and walk away as if nothing had happened. They can go for incredibly long time without eating anything. And that is the secret of their success!

G. Founded in 1980, BASE jumping grew out of skydiving. But BASE jumping is much more dangerous than skydiving that is why it is banned in many countries. Legal jumps now happen on specific days and from approved structures. However, like other extreme sports, it’s the risk of disaster that makes BASE jumping so exciting.

***

11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Clothing

Clothing is a distinctly human artefact. Even more than the use of tools, it distinguishes humans from the other creatures on this planet. The basic purpose of clothing was originally practical. By putting on a skin, humans were able to move into regions ___ (A). An example of this use of clothing can be seen among the Eskimos, and other people who live with extreme cold. However, clothing was not only used for protection, but has also been a means of displaying one’s status. Thus, clothing also developed in countries ___ (B).

Clothing tells us many things about the wearer. It can be used to indicate ___ (C). The most extreme example of this type of clothing is a uniform.

A dress code is very important in business. It is a rare businessman ___ (D).

Most politicians also try to be neat and well-dressed.

The significance of what we wear is becoming more important ___ (E). There have been cases on holiday islands where the locals have been outraged by foreign visitors – especially female visitors – who wear far less than the minimum that the locals consider decent. Actually, the signals given by clothing as worn by men and women have decreased ___ (F). For example, today most women are very comfortable wearing jeans. Yet the sight of a man in a dress would raise eyebrows in most western cultures.

Clothing is very important in our society. So it is highly unlikely that there will be no use for clothing in the future, unless humanity evolves into a completely new species.

1. where there is no real practical need for it

2. because more people started to follow fashion

3. who does not feel the need to wear a suit and tie

4. where they otherwise would have been unable to cope with the climate

5. because many women now wear what were once «men’s’ clothes

6. as the cultures of the world mix

7. whether a person is a member of a particular group or organisation

***

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12—18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

The Open Window

«My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel,» said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; «in the meantime you must try and put up with me.»

Framton Nuttel endeavoured to say the correct something which should duly flatter the niece of the moment without unduly discounting the aunt that was to come. Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which he was supposed to be undergoing.

«I know how it will be,» his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat; «you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. I shall just give you letters of introduction to all the people I know there. Some of them, as far as I can remember, were quite nice.»

Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady to whom he was presenting one of the letters of introduction came into the nice division.

«Do you know many of the people round here?» asked the niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion.

«Hardly a soul,» said Framton. «My sister was staying here, at the rectory, you know, some four years ago, and she gave me letters of introduction to some of the people here.»

He made the last statement in a tone of distinct regret.

«Then you know practically nothing about my aunt?» pursued the self-possessed young lady.

«Only her name and address,» admitted the caller. He was wondering whether Mrs. Sappleton was in the married or widowed state. An indefinable something about the room seemed to suggest masculine habitation.

«Her great tragedy happened just three years ago; that would be since your sister’s time. You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an October afternoon,» said the niece, indicating a large French window that opened on to a lawn.

«It is quite warm for the time of the year,» said Framton; «but has that window got anything to do with the tragedy?»

«Out through that window, three years ago to a day, her husband and her two young brothers went off for their day’s shooting. They never came back. In crossing the moor to their favourite snipe-shooting ground they were all three engulfed in a treacherous piece of bog. It had been that dreadful wet summer, you know, and places that were safe in other years gave way suddenly without warning. Their bodies were never recovered. That was the dreadful part of it.»

Here the child’s voice lost its self-possessed note and became falteringly human. «Poor aunt always thinks that they will come back someday, they and the little brown spaniel that was lost with them, and walk in at that window just as they used to do. That is why the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dusk. Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out, her husband with his white waterproof coat over his arm, and Ronnie, her youngest brother, singing «Bertie, why do you bound?» as he always did to tease her, because she said it got on her nerves. Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evenings like this, I almost get a creepy feeling that they will all walk in through that window’