Книги автора Nathalia Brodskaya
Жанр: Изобразительное искусство и фотография, Искусство
Degas was closest to Renoir in the impressionist’s circle, for both favoured the animated Parisian life of their day as a motif in their paintings. Degas did not attend Gleyre’s studio; most likely he first met the future impressionists at the Café Guerbois. He started his apprenticeship in 1853 at the studio of Louis-Ernest Barrias and, beginning in 1854, studied under Louis Lamothe, who revered Ingres above all others, and transmitted his adoration for this master to Edgar Degas. Starting in 1854 Degas travelled frequently to Italy: first to Naples, where he made the acquaintance of his numerous cousins, and then to Rome and Florence, where he copied tirelessly from the Old Masters. His drawings and sketches already revealed very clear preferences: Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Mantegna, but also Benozzo Gozzoli, Ghirlandaio, Titian, Fra Angelico, Uccello, and Botticelli. During the 1860s and 1870s he became a painter of racecourses, horses and jockeys. His fabulous painter’s memory retained the particularities of movement of horses wherever he saw them. After his first rather complex compositions depicting racecourses, Degas learned the art of translating the nobility and elegance of horses, their nervous movements, and the formal beauty of their musculature. Around the middle of the 1860s Degas made yet another discovery. In 1866 he painted his first composition with ballet as a subject, Mademoiselle Fiocre dans le ballet de la Source (Mademoiselle Fiocre in the Ballet ‘The Spring’) (New York, Brooklyn Museum). Degas had always been a devotee of the theatre, but from now on it would become more and more the focus of his art. Degas’ first painting devoted solely to the ballet was Le Foyer de la danse à l’Opéra de la rue Le Peletier (The Dancing Anteroom at the Opera on Rue Le Peletier) (Paris, Musée d’Orsay). In a carefully constructed composition, with groups of figures balancing one another to the left and the right, each ballet dancer is involved in her own activity, each one is moving in a separate manner from the others. Extended observation and an immense number of sketches were essential to executing such a task. This is why Degas moved from the theatre on to the rehearsal halls, where the dancers practised and took their lessons. This was how Degas arrived at the second sphere of that immediate, everyday life that was to interest him. The ballet would remain his passion until the end of his...
Жанр: Изобразительное искусство и фотография, Искусство
Degas bezog seine wichtigsten Motive aus dem lebendigen Paris der Epoche und lernte die künftigen Impressionisten wahrscheinlich erst im Café Guerbois kennen. Im Jahr 1852 erhielt er ein Juradiplom, und 1853 begann er eine Malerausbildung bei Louis-Ernest Barrias. Ab 1854 reiste Degas regelmäßig nach Italien, zunächst nach Neapel, dann nach Rom und Florenz, wo er sich intensiv dem Studium der Alten Meister widmete. In den sechziger und siebziger Jahren wurde er zum Maler von Jockeys, Pferden und Pferderennen. Sein fabelhaftes Malergedächtnis merkte sich die Besonderheiten ihrer Bewegungen, wo immer er sie beobachten konnte. Das Pferd wurde für ihn zur Inkarnation der Geschwindigkeit. Um die Mitte der 1860-Jahre machte Degas eine neue Entdeckung: Ballett und Oper. Diese Institutionen entwickelten sich für ihn nun zum beherrschenden Thema. Er zeigt das erste, ganz dem Tanz gewidmete Bild: Ballettsaal der Oper in der Rue Le Peletier. Die Komposition ist sorgfältig ausgewogen, die Personengruppen links und rechts ergänzen einander, aber jede einzelne Tänzerin ist ganz in ihre eigenen Übungen versunken, jede bewegt sich unabhängig von allen anderen. In diesen Institutionen fand er die zweite Domäne seines künstlerischen Schaffens, die ihn bis an sein Lebensende faszinieren...
