Текст книги "English Grammar with Kudjo. Понятная и забавная грамматика для детей и взрослых. Part 2"

Unit 5
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense versus The Past Perfect and The Past Continuous Tenses

The difference between the Past Perfect Continuous and Past Perfect is the same as between the Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect. The Past Perfect Simple Tense emphasises the completed action, while the Past Perfect Continuous emphasises its duration.

Compare:

By the time Kudjo returned home, Dradjo had woken up.

/что сделал? – проснулся/ – we are interested in the result

By the time Kudjo returned home, Dradjo had been sleeping for five hours.

/что делал? -спал/ – we are interested in the process

EXERCISE 1

Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect Continuous Tenses:

1 By the age of eight Kudjo /read/ all these books.

2 He /read/ for two hours before Dradjo asked him to go out.

3 They /decorate/ the house with lights before the guests arrived.

4 They /eat/ anything before they set off.

5 Dradjo felt ill because he /drink/ ten glasses of milkshake.

6 He /run/, so he was hot and tired.

7 When they returned home, they already /take/ the decision to come back to the cave.

8 They /have/ fun only for an hour when suddenly the terrible thunderstorm began.

9 Kudjo just /finish/ his breakfast when Dradjo woke up.

EXERCISE 2

Find the proper verb and put it into the correct form of Past Simple, Past Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Simple: get up/wait, wander/decide, hit/rise, injure/not walk, hear/see, wait/finish, pour/not can, be/snow, look/see

1 They ***** weird sounds before they ***** a shadow on the wall.

2 Kudjo ***** for ages before Dradjo ***** his breakfast.

3 They ***** for a few hours when they ***** to have a bite.

4 It ***** with rain for two days so they *****leave home.

5 Kudjo ***** his left paw so he ***** fast.

6 The front door ***** blocked because it ***** heavily all night.

7 When Kudjo *****, Dradjo ***** for him at the door since the sunrise.

8 When he ***** into the fridge, he ***** that all yummy sandwiches had disappeared miraculously.

9 They already ***** the road when the sun *****.

How to tell the difference between Past Perfect Continuous and Past Continuous as they both show the process in the past?

Past Continuous Tense is used to express interrupted actions in the past. The tense shows that a longer action is interrupted by a shorter action in the past. While they were walking on the street, they saw a stray skinny cat. /делал что-то, что было прервано другим действием/

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express a past action which started in the past and continued (and we know how long the action had continued) till another action or time in the past.

Kudjo had been looking for the backpack for 2 hours when he found it under Dradjo’s mat. /делал что-то какое-то время и закончил раньше другого действия/

EXERCISE 3

Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Continuous or Past Continuous:

1 When they came to the pet shop, a shopkeeper /have/ a tea break.

2 They /wait/ for twenty minutes until the shopkeeper finished having tea.

3 Kudjo and Chilly /take/ a nap after lunch when they heard a loud knock on the door.

4 They /sleep/ for an hour before that loud knock woke them up.

5 They /wait/ for good weather for a couple of days before they went fishing.

6 They /play/ backgammon when a kitten jumped onto the board.

7 They looked tired and filthy. They /play/ football.

8 They /wander/ since the morning until they found a nice spot to have a picnic.

9 They /hike/ when Dradjo tripped over a stone and hurt his paw badly.

EXERCISE 4

Make up the answers to Dradjo’s questions to Kudjo using the Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past perfect and Past Continuous Tenses:

1 How long had you been living here before you met me?

2 Where had I been before you found me?

3 What was I doing when you saw me the first time?

4 What did you do when you found my egg?

5 Had you had a pet before you met me?

6 What did you think when you saw me in the fridge?

7 How did you find yourself in that cave?

8 What else did you find in the cave?

9 Had you wanted to have a pet before I appeared?

EXERCISE 5

Finish the sentences using different past tenses:

1 Kudjo was sleeping fast while Dradjo …..

2 Kudjo was licking his paws because …..

3 Dradjo didn’t want to eat anything because …..

4 Kudjo and Dradjo were quarrelling because…..

5 They had gone to bed by the time ….

6 When they looked into the cave they …..

7 While Kudjo was hiding some treats, his pet …..

8 When they left home in the morning …..

9 Before they came back, …..

EXERCISE 6

Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past perfect and Past Continuous Tenses:

1 4 billion years ago there /exist/ only dragons on our planet.There were dragon animals, dragon birds and dragon fish.

2 They /live/ happily for ages until one day a terrible bang /shake/ the planet and /spread/ a very strong and aggressive virus all over the planet.

3 That virus /kill/ most dragons before they /decide/ to leave the planet for another one.

4 By the time the dragons /build/ a huge spaceship, only eleven dragons /survive/.

5 Anyway, they /fly/ to another planet, which was safe but gloomy with grey and brown scenery.

6 The dragons /live/ on that new planet free from care for ages when one day they /stumble/ across an old book with amazing pictures of the Earth.

7 A couple of dragons /read/ that book and /decide/ to fly to the Earth as they /want/ to see what /happen/ to the planet of their ancestors.

8 When they /land/ they were astonished to see a very beautiful place full of different colours, which they never /see/ before.

9 They /settle/ in one of the cosiest caves and /lay/ an egg very soon.

EXERCISE 7

Change the sentences using the tense in brackets:

For example,

He is taking a nap now. / Past Continuous/ – He was taking a nap when the smell of roast meat woke him up.

1 They have been chasing squirrels and look wet and tired./Past Perfect Continuous/

2 He has just finished his breakfast. /Past Simple/.

3 They have seen the best planet in the Universe./Past Perfect/

4 He is trying to hide his tears. /Past Continuous/

5 Who has been playing with my ball? /Past Perfect Continuous/

6 They didn’t like eating spinach when they were little./used to/

7 He doesn’t understand why the dog is barking at him. /Past Continuous/

8 He has been to many different places. /Past Perfect/

9 They are listening to a story about dragons now. /Past Perfect Continuous/

EXERCISE 8

Find and correct mistakes in 7 sentences.

1 He use to sleep with all his toys so as not to offend any of them.

2 Kudjo was sweating. He had been running after his pet.

3 Kudjo were running and jumping around a tree when I saw him.

4 The sandwich mysteriously disappeared before Kudjo returned to the room.

5 They played Monopoly when a loud knock on the door frightened them.

6 They had been knowing each other for ten months when they quarrelled for the first time.

7 Kudjo was hiding under the bed when Dradjo looked for him.

8 His paw was bleeding, he had been cutting it badly.

9 He had been waiting for an hour before Kudjo finally looked at him and said «Hello’.

EXERCISE 9

Kudjo is texting a message to Chilly. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past, present and future tenses:

1 Sorry. I /not be/ in touch for long. I /not be/ busy. I /feel/ upset.

2 Dradjo /take/ the final decision. He /leave/ me soon.

3 I /understand/ him. He /want/ to live with his real mum and dad on the planet with other dragons.

4 I hope one day I /visit/ him there.

5 Yesterday when we /talk/ about it, he /begin/ crying but /pretend/ that he /get/ something in his eye.

6 At that moment I /have/ something in my eye too and /regret/ that we /go/ to that cave and /find/ that spaceship.

7 All evening I /try/ to find any arguments to get him to stay here until I /realise/ that it was wrong.

8 Today I /not think/ so.

9 We /prepare/ for his departure since this morning and we still /have/ a lot to do. I /text/ you later.

EXERCISE 10

Choose the correct option:

1 They ***** together for over a year.

a have been

b were

c are

2 They ***** around when suddenly I ***** that it was their last day together.

a had kidded/realised

b were kidding/were realising

c were kidding/realised

3 Neither of them ***** while they *****.

a had been talking/were packing

b was talking/were packing

c talked/packed

4 Kudjo ***** a delicious dinner by the departure.

a cooked

b had cooked

c was cooking

5 They ***** at the table for ages but they ***** anything.

a had been sitting/haven’t eaten

b were sitting/hadn’t eaten

c had been sitting/hadn’t eaten

6 Kudjo ***** a lot of pics of Dradjo while he ***** the spaceship.

a took/checked

b was taking/had checked

c took /was checking

7 They ***** a spaceship before and were amazed.

a haven’t seen

b didn’t see

c hadn’t seen

8 Dradjo ***** so many things that they couldn’t cram everything inside.

a had collected

b collected

c has collected

9 Dradjo ***** Kudjo and *****.

a kissed/left

b was kissing/leaving

c kissed/had left

EXERCISE 11

Translate the story:

Вот и настал тот день, когда Драджо готовился лететь на планету Драконов. Они оба знали, что он принял правильное решение, но все равно им было очень грустно. Они провели вместе больше года и очень привязались друг к другу. Несколько последних дней до отлета они играли во все любимые игры, посещали все любимые места, прощались со всеми собаками, кошками и крысами района, пока не пришло время улетать. Куджо приготовил все любимые блюда Драджо на прощальный ужин, собрал сотню ланч-боксов в дорогу и подарил ему маленькую фигурку акиты на память.

Это был очень грустный день. Шел мелкий дождик. Все было серо-голубым и Куджо даже подумал, что теперь он знает, какого цвета грусть.

После того, как они все приготовили к отлету, запихнули все бесконечные коробки и сумки в корабль, дали друг другу важные инструкции, они сели около двери и замолчали.

Они сидели так до тех пор, пока не зажглась красная лампочка на корабле. Это был сигнал отправления. Куджо лизнул своего питомца в последний раз….

Он потом еще долго сидел на ступеньках и смотрел как серебристая точка в небе становится все меньше и меньше. Глаза были мокрыми. Наверное, из-за дождя.

Unit 6
The Future Continuous Tense
Будущее продолженное время

The Future Continuous is used:

• for an action which will be in progress at a stated future time.

At 11 am tomorrow Kudjo will be playing the drums.

/действие будет происходить в определенное время в будущем/

• for an action which will definitely happen in the future as the result of a routine or arrangement.

We’ll be seeing our friends on Saturday evening. (We do it every Saturday)

/действие будет происходить, потому что всегда происходит/

• when we ask politely about someone’s plans for the near future. (What we want to know is if our wishes fit in with their plans.)

Will you be shopping tomorrow? (I want you to buy something for me)

/личная заинтересованность в планах собеседника/

The positive form is: S + will be + Ving.

He will be sleeping. Don’t come.

The negative form: S + won’t be + Ving.

He won’t be sleeping. You can come.

The question form is: Will + S + be + Ving?

Will Kudjo be sleeping this time tomorrow?

EXERCISE 1

Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Continuous:

1 At 10 am Kudjo /have/ breakfast with his friends.

2 This time next Monday he /swim/ in a pool for dogs.

3 you /do/ anything special next weekend?

4 he /go/ for a walk in the afternoon? I need to borrow his leash.

5 He /fly/ to France in two weeks.

6 Kudjo will be very busy. He /sleep/ all day.

7 At 11 pm Kudjo /see/ his friend Luna. They usually meet at this time every evening.

8 This time next year Kudjo definitely /sleep/ in the same place on the same rug.

9 What you /do/ in twenty years?

10 He /not do/ anything important. You can call on.

EXERCISE 2

Find the proper verb and put it into the correct Future Continuous form: not walk, kip, approach, have, not use, lie, cook, go, listen, pose

1 At this time next month Kudjo ***** a rest in the country.

2 He ***** in the grass and watching grasshoppers and flies.

3 He ***** along dusty city streets and smelling fumes.

4 This time tomorrow he ***** to his audiobook about dragons. He usually does it in the afternoon.

5 he ***** out at this time next month? Yes, he usually spends all his time out when we’re in the country.

6 you ***** to the city next week? I’d like you to get something for me.

7 Next Monday Kudjo ***** for photographs.

8 We ***** the car tomorrow. You can borrow it.

9 He ***** and you will be just in time to help him.

10 This time next Friday Dradjo ***** the planet of Dragons.

EXERCISE 3

Write what you will be doing at this definite time in the future:

1 at 5 pm tomorrow

2 at midnight tomorrow

3 at 10 am this Sunday

4 this time next week

5 this time next month

6 this time next year

7 in five years’ time

8 tomorrow evening

9 in two days

10 your next birthday

EXERCISE 4

Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Continuous, Past Continuous or Present Continuous Tenses:

1 Kudjo /watch/ his favourite series at 9 pm while I’m working.

2 Kudjo /hide/ under the table because he had broken my cup.

3 He is fed up with gloomy weather. Hopefully, when we wake up tomorrow, the sun /shine/.

4 He still /sleep/ fast and nothing can wake him up.

5 This time next week we /lie/ in the grass and eating ice-cream.

6 Look. A shadow /move/ here. Keep silent.

7 When I saw Kudjo, he /protect/ his friend from a gang of stray dogs.

8 They /stand/ like this while the dogs are running around.

9 They /play/ in the snow when those aggressive dogs appeared out of the blue.

10 They /relax/ at home now. Don’t bother them.

EXERCISE 5

Guess the answer using the Future Continuous, Past Continuous or Present Continuous Tenses:

1 What is Kudjo doing now?

2 What will he be doing this time tomorrow?

3 What was he doing at that time yesterday?

4 Where was Kudjo lying when he fell asleep yesterday?

5 Who is Kudjo meeting this weekend?

6 What will he be snacking on the next time he’s watching a movie?

7 Who will he be playing with during tonight’s walk?

8 What is he thinking about?

9 What was Kudjo listening to when you walked into the room?

10 Where will Kudjo be living in five years’ time?

EXERCISE 6

Change the sentences from Simple to Continuous using the tense in brackets.

For example,

He has watched 2 episodes so far. (Present Perfect Continuous) – He has been watching the episodes since the morning.

1 He stays at home in rainy and stormy weather. (Present Continuous)

2 He played backgammon with a clever skinny cat yesterday. (Past Continuous)

3 kudjo will read a book about up-bringing tomorrow. (Future Continuous)

4 Kudjo had had a surgery by the age of one. (Past Perfect Continuous)

5 Kudjo had eaten two packs of food by lunchtime. (Past Perfect Continuous)

6 Kudjo has drunk two litres of water today. (Present Perfect Continuous)

7 He went fishing with his friends and came back home hungry and wet. (Past Continuous)

8 Kudjo and I will go to a dog-show next time. (Future Continuous)

9 We play a lot of different games in a lift. (Present Continuous)

10 Kudjo has just cooked delicious roast turkey. (Present Perfect Continuous)

EXERCISE 7

Fill the gaps in the story with missing words:

Do you ***** in ghosts? I have started doing it recently. Ok. I’ll tell you how it happened.

One day Kudjo ***** up in a terrible mood because he ***** a nightmare about a ghost dog, which ***** him wherever he went. The nightmare was ***** and Kudjo couldn’t stop thinking about ghosts even after breakfast. But the sun *****. There were a lot of dogs and ***** walking outside. There was no sign of any ***** and Kudjo calmed down and even started jumping and kidding around. The weather was ***** and we decided to drive somewhere to have a *****. We ***** rather long when Kudjo suddenly spotted a nice ***** and we stopped there.There used to be an old ***** many years ago, but now we could see only abandoned ***** and playgrounds.The place looked ***** even though it was picturesque. We had made a ***** and started preparing ***** before we heard a strange howling sound. And one more. Kudjo and Luna didn’t want to give up grilled ***** and told me to ignore those *****.

By the way, I’ll never listen to them again!

Anyway, we went there to investigate the nature of the sounds. They were coming from the ***** house with a big ***** in the roof…

(to be continued)

EXERCISE 8

Finish the sentences using the tense in brackets:

1 By the time we came back, Kudjo …. (Past Perfect Continuous)

2 Look! What a mess. Kudjo … (Present Perfect)

3 While we were talking, Kudjo … (Past Continuous)

4 This time tomorrow Kudjo … (Future Continuous)

5 Since we moved to the country, Kudjo … (Present Perfect Continuous)

6 I guess Kudjo … (Future Simple)

7 Do you hear? What is the sound? Kudjo … (Present Continuous)

8 Before I could say anything, Kudjo … (Past Perfect)

9 When Kudjo was younger and more emotional, he … (Past Simple)

10 Sometimes Kudjo … (Present Simple)

EXERCISE 9

Find and correct mistakes in 9 sentences:

1 We had wandering for an hour when suddenly we met a strange creature.

2 This time next year we’ll sailing a yacht in the Dogatlantic.

3 This little stupid puppy has teared all the pages out of my book!

4 How long has your paw bled?

5 He had been fighting with aggressive village dogs since we came to the country.

6 While the dogs listened to a story, they were eating carrot sticks.

7 Kudjo woke up, looked around, sighed and falled asleep again.

8 I’ll be go shopping after lunch. Do you want me to buy something yummy for you?

9 Shall I help you with your bowl?

10 It is such thick fog that Kudjo is going cautiously as he isn’t seeing his way well.

EXERCISE 10

Kudjo is texting a message to Chilly. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past, present and future tenses :

1 How are you doing? What /happen/ in your life since the last message?

2 I bet you /not have/ so many adventures as us recently.

3 Do you remember that abandoned camp we /see/ once while we /drive/ to the country last summer?

4 We just /be/ there and we still /tremble/ with fear.

5 My mum /take/ us (Luna and me) there for a picnic today.

6 The grilled lamb /look/ tempting and /smell/ tasty and we /look/ forward to lunch when suddenly we /hear/ hair-rising sounds.

7 The girls /get/ scared stiff, of course, but I /decide/ to find out who /howl/ and /go/ bravely towards the deserted camp.

8 The howls /come/ out of a squalid blind house.

9 I never /hear/ such a yowl before then…

10 Sorry, I’ve got to go. By the way, you /visit/ us this summer?

EXERCISE 11

Choose the correct option:

1 This time tomorrow Kudjo and his friends ***** in a race.

a will compete

b will be competing

c were competing

2 They ***** after a squirrel for long until it climbed a high pine-tree.

a had been chasing

b were chasing

c chased

3 He ***** in ghosts.

a never believes

b has never believed

c never believed

4 They’re quite out of puff. They ***** away from a wild pig.

a have been running

b have run

c were running

5 What ***** from 11 to 12 tomorrow? – Nothing special. Why?

a were you doing

b have you been doing

c will you be doing

6 He ***** the Cattish language when a rat ***** him and got scared.

a was learning / heard

b learnt/heard

c has been learning/has heard

7 Kudjo ***** when you come. Be quiet.

a is sleeping

b will be sleeping

c has been sleeping

8 They ***** hide-and-seek since the morning and nobody ***** Kudjo yet.

a were playing/found

b are playing/has found

c have been playing/has found

9 They ***** in the rain and were soaked through.

a were walking

b had been walking

c walked

10 This time next week he ***** for a new journey.

a will prepare

b was preparing

c will be preparing

EXERCISE 12

Translate the story:

Итак, что же произошло в летнем заброшенном домике и кто так жутко завывал?

Куджо и Луна подползли к дому и прислушались. Тишина. Зловещая тишина. Им было слышно, как шипит мясо на огне и как звенит комар, но из домика не доносилось ни звука. Собаки осторожно открыли дверь и она заскрипела так громко, что они отскочили от испуга на несколько метров от дома.

Они постояли несколько минут, прежде чем войти в дом. В доме было темно и сыро. Куджо с Луной увидели несколько кроватей с матрасами, поломанные стулья и разбитое зеркало на стене. Луна (как настоящая девочка) сразу подошла в зеркало, чтобы взглянуть на себя. В тот же самый момент она завизжала и выскочила из дома. Куджо ничего не понял, но бросился за ней. Собаки пулей влетели в машину и Луна попыталась даже залезть под заднее сиденье. Они были настолько напуганы, что даже и не вспомнили про шашлык. Мы проехали несколько километров и только тогда Луна рассказала о том, что она увидела в зеркале.

(продолжение следует)