Текст книги "Анастасия или Анна? Величайшая загадка дома Романовых"

19. Statements of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, and Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

20. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

21. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

22. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

23. See Davis, 165–166.

24. Doris Wingender, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt

25. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of January 31, 1961, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8 and April 16, 1927.

26. Rathlef-Keilmann notes, June 30, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

27. Felix Schanzkowsky, affidavit, May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 342; interview with Marianna Knopf, previously Czenstkowski, byFritz Schuricht, in Fritz Schuricht, testimony of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0. 294/57; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

28. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178–179.

29. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of January 31, 1961, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

30. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178–179.

31. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

32. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 7, 1927; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Franziska Schanzkowska, hospital records from Berlin-Schöneberg, submitted to Hamburg, March 13, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 214; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178; «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» compiled by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Kurth, 415, n. 93.

33. See Courtois; Herman, Perry, and van der Kolk; and Wyatt and Johnson Powell for further discussion.

34. Blucher, 136; Davis, 165.

35. Davis, 165, 180–184.

36. «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

37. Ibid.

38. Information from Neu-Ruppin hospital records submitted to Hamburg tribunal, March 13, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 214–247; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 7, 1927; «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

39. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; information from Neuruppin hospital records submitted to Hamburg tribunal, March 13, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 214–247; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178.

40. Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

41. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 6, 1927; Franziska Schanzkowska und ihr Leben, 4.

42. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

43. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 184; see Dr. Serge Rudnev, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Theodor Eitel, report of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402; Dr. Hans Willige, statement of November 5, 1938, in Hamburg, XII, 1985–1994; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

44. Fritz Schuricht, testimony of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanz-kowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

45. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

46. «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

47. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; information from Robert K. Massie to the authors.

48. «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

49. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8 and April 16, 1927; «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 19, 1965, Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147.

50. «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 16, 1927.

51. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

52. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

53. Doris Wingender, interview of April 23, 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

54. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

55. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

56. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

57. Doris Wingender, interview of April 23, 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

58. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 535–546.

59. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

60. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; see also Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 16, 1927; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 535–546; Fritz Schuricht, statement of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

61. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

62. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

63. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

64. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

65. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

66. See, for example, Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, testimony of December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981; Baroness Marie von Kleist, affidavit of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence at Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574; notes of Erika von Redern, secretary to Edward Fallows, from records of Dalldorf Asylum, May 16, 1929, cited in Kurth, 7; Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer, report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; National Tidende, Copenhagen, January 16, 1926; Königsberg Allgemeine Zeitung 110, March 7, 1927.

67. Statements of Doris Rittman, née Wingender, and of Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

68. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

69. Blucher, 102, 162.

70. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; statement of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

71. In Police von Anfang April und vom June 2, 1927, in der Beikate ZK 83, filed in Hamburg under Tchaikovsky Bln 72, 72R, 75; Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unter-lengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Meck-lenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178.

72. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 23, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

21. Мифы развенчаны

1. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 30.

2. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darm-stadt.

3. Ibid.; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Fritz Lucke, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5167; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

4. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927; Luise Fielder, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147.

5. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178; the Abmeldung, dated March 15, 1920, is listed as BL 73 in ZK 83 in Hamburg.

6. Felix Schanzkowsky, affidavit of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289.

7. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

8. See, for example, Fritz Schuricht protocol of conversation with a «Commissar X,» April 29, 1927, cited in Kurth, 6, on the unproven contention that records of all hospitals and asylums in Berlin were examined.

9. See Berlin police files of Reichskrim-inalpolizeiamnt Berlin die Vorgange S 190278=Sch 8623 in Hamburg under Bln IV, 147–150.

10. Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, testimony of December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

11. Ibid.

12. See Gilliard and Savitch, 31–32.

13. See Anna (Thea) Chemntiz, née Malinovsky, letter in Berliner Nachtausgabe, March 5, 1927; Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, to Kurt Pastenaci, letter of September 27, 1927, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 180–181; Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, statement of June 27, 1929; in Hamburg, Bln III, loose; Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, testimony of December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981; Emilie Barfknecht, statement of June 14, 1922, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4476–4478.

14. Gilliard and Savitch, 29.

15. Emilie Barfknecht, statement of June 14, 1922, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4476–4478.

16. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 41; Baroness Marie von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

17. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 7, 1927; Baroness Marie von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

18. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Rathlef-Keilmann, 172; Voller statement, April 29, 1927, in Hamburg, XXII, 4270; Rathlef-Keilmann, in Tägliche Rundschau, October 1927, in Hamburg, XVII, 3165–3188.

19. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

20. Ibid.; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 17–18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 7, 1927.

21. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Gilliard and Savitch, 177–178; in «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/738,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln 58.

22. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

23. See Kurth, 104.

24. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Fritz Lucke, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5167; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

25. Baroness Marie von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

26. See Kurth, 166, 308; verdict of the Hanseatic High Court (Landesgericht), Hamburg, issued May 16, 1961, and appended to Hamburg, XXIV, loose.

27. Baroness Marie von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

28. Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

29. Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer, report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2395; Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

30. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

31. Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, testimony of December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

32. Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer, report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2395; Gilliard and Savitch, 110.

33. Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, testimony of December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

34. Nicholas von Schwabe to Gilliard, letter of November 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 114–115; Gilliard and Savitch, 82; Nicholas von Schwabe to Gilliard, letter of December 12, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 110; information from Robert Massie; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 166; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Marie Clara Peuthert to Gilliard, letter of January 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 29.

35. Baroness Marie von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

36. Nicholas von Schwabe to Gilliard, letter of November 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 113–114; Baroness von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 166.

37. Gilliard to Rathlef-Keilmann, letter of December 30, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 232; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

38. Rathlef-Keilmann, 233.

39. Gilliard and Savitch, 116.

40. Rathlef-Keilmann, 233; Gilliard and Savitch, 115; «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/738,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln 58, 40.

41. Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, October 23, 1921.

42. Statement of Baron von Kleist according to Tolstoy, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49; Marie Clara Peuthert, letter to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 51.

43. Gilliard and Savitch, 110.

44. Botkin, Anastasia, 82.

45. Botkin, Vospominaya, 4, 8–9; Botkin, Au Temps, 81; Tatiana Botkin to Brien Horan, in Horan, 68; Tatiana Botkin to Paul Paganuzzi, in Paganuzzi, 17; Gilliard and Savitch, 90; Gleb Botkin, affidavit of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112; Botkin, Real Romanovs, 160, 286–267.

46. See Tatiana Botkin, affidavit of May 2, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 113–127; Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 260–267.

22. На страницы истории

1. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365; letter of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, to Hans Hermann Krampff, December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5346–5356; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18–19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 7, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 502–513. The issue of Die Woche, dated February 2, 1927, was admitted into evidence at Hamburg, in XXXII, 6029. The clarity of the image, a central point, was raised during the Hamburg trials, as discussed in Kurth, 348–349. Kurth, though, confirms that the photograph was clearly recognizable as Fran-ziska. Information from Peter Kurth to Greg King.

2. Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5356–5358; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, statement of May 21, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 542–547.

3. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; notes by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff concerning visit to Frau Maria Kathe Wypyrczyk, née Wingender, and Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, in Hamburg, X, 1861–1862; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365; letter of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, to Hans Hermann Krampff, December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5346–5356; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18–19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 7, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 502–513; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5356–5358; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, statement of May 21, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 542–547.

4. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Wilhelm Voller interview with Anna Wingender, statement of May 25, 1927, cited in Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 59–60.

5. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Fritz Lücke, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5167; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt. The contract stipulated that Doris was to receive 1,000 marks on confirmation of her story, and 500 marks on publication.

6. Andrei Vladimirovich to Serge Botkin, letter of May 13 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

7. See letter from Fritz Spengruber, in Tägliche Rundschau, Berlin, October 4, 1927; Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559; Fritz Lucke, testimony of July 10, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 666–667; Agnes Wasserschleben, statement of July 28, 1929, in Hamburg, VI, 1017–1024.

8. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 69.

9. See Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 6, 1927; Gilliard and Savitch, 175–176; Police von Anfang April und vom June 2, 1927, in Hamburg under der Keikate ZK 83 Tchaikovsky Bl 72, 72R, 75.

10. Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

11. Fritz Lücke, testimony of July 10, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 666–667; cable from Knopf to Berlin Police of March 26, 1927, in Hamburg under Bl 68, ZK 83, 76–77.

12. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 16, 1927.

13. See Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354; Knopf, cable of March 26, 1927, to Berlin Police, in Hamburg under Bl 68 ZK 83, 76–77; Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

14. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

15. Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354; Knopf, cable of March 26, 1927, to Berlin Police, in Hamburg under Bl 68 ZK 83, 76–77; Escaich, 123.

16. Cited in Kurth, 168.

17. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 5, 1927.

18. See Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 5–16, 1927.

19. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

20. See Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

21. Rathlef-Keilmann, 172.

22. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927.

23. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927. There are several variations of this utterance. The duke of Leuchtenberg recalled it as «Sie muss herausgehen!» (She must get out!), while Faith Lavington was told that she shouted the rather less grammatical, «Dass muss heraus!» (That must out!). See the duke’s account in Rathlef-Keilmann, 171, and the diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

24. Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

25. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, affidavit of February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365.

26. Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

27. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927.

28. Ibid.; see also Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanz-kowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

29. Diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

30. Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147.

31. See L’Illustration, Paris, February 18, 1928.

32. Kurth, 170.

33. Rathlef-Keilmann, 174.

34. See Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

35. Frau Margarethe Kothe, statement of February 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, letter of July 16, 1958, quoting Heinrich Trapp, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

36. Fritz Schuricht, statement of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

37. Frau Margarethe Kothe, statement of February 18, 1958, quoting her mother, Frau Martha Borkowski, previously Reetz, née Schrock, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

38. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384.

39. Diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428; Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, statement of April 15, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 521–522; Duchess Nathalie of Leuchtenberg, Baronin Meller-Zakomelski, statement of November 3, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1623–1630.

40. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384; diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

41. Diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

42. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384.

43. Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, letter of March 5, 1961, in Vorres, 239–240; Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, statement of April 15, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 521–522; Duchess Catherine of Leuchtenberg, statement of March 20, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1261–1264; information from Robert K. Massie to the authors; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 182.

44. Rathlef-Keilmann, 174; Botkin, Real Romanovs, 284.

45. Duchess Nathalia of Leuchtenberg, Baronin Meller-Zakomelski, statement of November 3, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1623–1630.

46. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384.

47. Felix Schanzkowsky, affidavit of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289.

48. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

49. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 85.

50. Ibid., 93–94, 87.

51. Rathlef-Keilmann, 176.

52. Klier and Mingay, 106.

53. Rathlef-Keilmann, 176.

54. Ibid.; Friedrich, 333; Wilson and Pitman, 243–244; New York Times, July 6, 1921.

55. Kriminalpolizei File 678 IV K 15/27, Case 21.J.266/28, cited in Gilliard and Savitch, 185.

56. Rathlef-Keilmann articles in Tägliche Rundschau, Berlin, October 1927, in Hamburg, XVII, 3165–3188.

57. Otto Meyer to Martin Knopf, in Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353; Richard Meyer quoted in letter of Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther von Berenberg-Gossler, July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Frau Margarethe Kothe, statement of February 18, 1958, quoting mother Martha Borkowski, previously Reetz, née Schrock, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV/2365; Letter of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, statement of May 21, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 542–547; file notes by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampf concerning visit to Frau Maria Kathe Wypyrczyk, née Wingender, and Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, in Hamburg, X, 1861–1862. During the Hamburg trial Martha Schrock failed to identify Franziska from a group of photographs; more than thirty years earlier, though, when memories were presumably more vivid, she had unhesitatingly recognized photographs of the claimant as Franziska. See Kurth, 307.

58. Hessischen Polizeiamt Kriminalzentrale für Hessen-Erken-nungsdienst, Darmstadt, April 26, 1927, in Hamburg, Bln, 11–17 loose; Berlin Police files of Franziska Schanzkowska submitted from Reichskriminalpolizeiamt Berlin die Vorgange, 8623, in Hamburg, IV, 147–150; and Police von Anfang April und vom June 2, 1927, in Hamburg, under Bln, ZK 83 Tchaikovsky, 72, 72R, 75.

59. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of November 26, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXV, 6148.

60. Emma Mueller Schanzkowsky to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, letter of February 10, 1969, in Hamburg, XIV, 2340; Waltraut von Czenstkowski, affidavit of July 23, 1959, in Hamburg, X, 1863, and of January 31, 1961, in Hamburg, XIV, 2388; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

61. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 91.

62. Kurth, 282.

63. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177–178; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanz-kowska, statement of May 23 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

64. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

65. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement in Hygendorf on September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of November 10, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 74–76; Valerian Schanzkowsky, statement of October 11, 1937, in Hamburg, XXV, 19–21; report from Criminal State Police, Hannover, July 10, 1938, in Hamburg, I, 44–52.