Текст книги "11-й – 20-й тесты, английский язык, ЕГЭ, 2023, на базе материалов ФИПИ"

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—24.

Telling Stories

19. Books tell stories, films tell stories and we tell one another stories. Telling stories ___________ important since people first sat around a camp fire. BE

20. Back then, hundreds of thousands of years ago, people ___________ stories about things they had done earlier that day while hunting. TELL

21. A hunter could make ___________ sound very brave in his own story. HE

22. They also made up mythical stories, ___________ the world around them and where they came from. EXPLAIN

23. Many of ___________ stories became part of their culture because they were told many times. THAT

24. Long before writing ___________, people learnt stories from their parents and passed them on to their own children. APPEAR.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25—29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.

Marlon Brando

25. Marlon Brando was perhaps the greatest film actor of his generation. He was born in 1924 and people soon realised that he was ___________. TALENT

26. However, he never did very well at school and he never seemed to be interested in ___________. EDUCATE

.27. When he finally left school, he travelled to New York, where he became a ___________ at drama school. STUDY

28. There, he heard about the ideas of the Russian Konstantin Stanislavski, who had developed a way to bring acting closer to ___________. REAL

29. Brando used Stanislavski’s ideas in his acting and during the 1940s he appeared in ___________ plays on Broadway. VARY

***

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30—36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30—36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

A Long Way

«Come on. I’ll help you.» The voice came from the left and Jenny turned her head in that direction.

She was blind, and had been from birth, but even without the sense of sight, she could tell that the voice belonged to a middle-aged man. He touched her on the arm and she pulled back. The guide dog by her side looked up.

«Please,» she said, struggling to keep her anger 30 ___________ control. «That’s very kind of you, but I don’t need any help.»

«Oh,» the man said, and Jenny could imagine the look of confusion on his face. «I’m sorry,» he said finally, and crossed the road. People just didn’t seem to realise that there was a huge difference between offering help and trying to take control of somebody else’s life. Sometimes she 31 ___________ people’s attempts to help funny, but not today. Today it was important to 32___________ the impression that she was independent, because today was the first day in her new job.

She waited until the signal from her dog told her that it was safe and she 33 ___________ off across the road. When they reached the other side, she paused for a second to 34 ___________ herself of the way and then continued. After a few days in the job, her dog would have learnt the way, but for now Jenny had to 35 ___________ the distance to the right building. She counted her steps and listened. To anyone who could see, it would have seemed like a quiet street, but Jenny concentrated on the small sounds: her footsteps, a car going past, the bell on a bicycle. They helped her judge when she was coming close to the corner of the street, where she knew number 116 stood. They got there and she stopped. She patted her dog on the head. «Well, boy, this is it,» she said. She knew there would be many challenges ahead. There always were.

But at least she had overcome the first one: 36___________ to the building. She stepped inside.

30. 1). in. 2). on. 3). behind. 4) under

Ответ: ____

31. 1). took. 2). found. 3). kept. 4) caught

Ответ: ____

32. 1). give. 2). hand. 3). throw. 4) send

Ответ: ____

33. 1). made. 2). came. 3). put. 4) set

Ответ: ____

34. 1). remember. 2). recall. 3). remind. 4) recollect

Ответ: ____

35. 1). locate. 2). estimate. 3). discover. 4) reveal

Ответ: ____

36. 1). being. 2). getting. 3). making. 4) bringing

Ответ: ____

По окончании выполнения заданий 19—36 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 19—29 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.

Раздел 4. Письменная речь

Для ответов на задания 37 и 38 используйте бланк ответов №2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями или использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 37 и 38 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Укажите номер задания 37 в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и напишите текст своего ответного электронного письма зарубежному другу по переписке.

37. You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Joan:

From: [email protected]

To: [email protected]

Subject: Summer weather

…When I forget to take an umbrella in summer, it always rains. What’s the weather like in summer where you live? What do you usually do when it rains? How do you protect yourself from bad weather?

I bought new shoes two days ago, but now I think I should take them back to the store…

Write an email to Joan.

In your message:

– answer his questions;

– ask 3 questions about her new shoes.

Write 100—140 words.

Remember the rules of email writing. Music Genre. Popularity

***

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных заданий (38.1 или 38.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и выполните согласно данному плану. В ответе на задание 38 числительные пишите цифрами.

38.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on what music genres are popular among teens in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject – the results of the opinion polls (see the table below).

Comment on the data in the table and give your personal opinion on the subject of the project.

The opinion poll question:

What music genre do you prefer?

Write 200—250 words.

Use the following plan:

– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

– select and report 2—3 facts;

– make 1—2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

– outline a problem that can arise with music genres and suggest a way of solving it;

– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of genres in music.

***

38.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on why teenagers in Zetland started buying more books. You have found some data on the subject – the results оf the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).

Comment on the data in the diagram and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

The opinion poll question:

Why did you start buying more books?

Write 200—250 words.

Use the following plan:

– make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

– select and report 2—3 facts;

– make 1—2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;

– outline a problem that one can face selling books and suggest a way of solving it;

– conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of growth of book sales.

Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.

Test 12. Устная часть

Task 1

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

Thirty years ago, there were some 2 million king penguins on France’s remote island of Ile aux Cochons. It is located in the Indian Ocean, between Africa and Antarctica. But satellite pictures show that the population has almost entirely disappeared. A recent study published in the journal Antarctic Science estimates that only 200,000 of the penguins are left. The reason for the decline is unknown. Scientists say disease could be a factor. Another reason could be overcrowding. King penguins relocate when they can no longer compete for food. But an even more alarming trend may be playing a part: climate change. Penguins like to hunt and fish in icy waters. But as air temperatures get warmer, so do the oceans. The penguins have to swim farther away from the island to reach cold water.

Task 2
Study the advertisement

You are considering visiting the Cesky Krumlov city and you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following:

1) the most popular sights of the city

2) price for the family of three

3) recommendations

4) services that they provide during the trip

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Task 3

Typescript for Task 3

Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss summer holidays. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.

Interviewer: What part of Russia do you live in? What’s the weather like in summer there?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: What else would you like our listeners to know about your region?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: What can you tell us about your family?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: How did you use to spend your summer holidays when you were seven?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: How would you like to spend your summer holidays in 10 years?

Student: _________________________

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.

.

You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions.

Give full answers to the questions (2—3 sentences).

Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Task 4

Imagine that you and your friend are doing a project «Ways of fishing». You have found some photos to illustrate it but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project.

• explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;

• mention the advantages (1—2) of the two types of fishing;

• mention the disadvantages (1—2) of the two types of fishing;

• express your opinion on the subject of the project – which way of fishing you’d prefer and why.

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (2—3 sentences for every item of the plan, 12—15 sentences total). You have to talk continuously.

TEST 13

Раздел 1. Аудирование

1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A—F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1—7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу

1. There are house chores that keep you fit.

2. Make your house chores enjoyable!

3. Sharing responsibilities is the best way.

4. Why spoil childhood with house chores?

5. No decorations is better than hard work.

6. Have your child do house chores gladly!

7. Technology is the answer to house chores.

***

Говорящий …. A – B – C – D – E – F

Утверждение

***

2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А—G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A. The tourist has never been to Russia.

B. The tourist wants to see both Moscow and Saint Petersburg.

C. The tourist loves evening excursions.

D. The manager thinks Saint Basil’s Cathedral isn’t worth seeing.

E. The tourist will have some time for shopping in Moscow.

F. The tourist hopes to visit a show in the State Kremlin Palace.

G. The tourist wants to buy a tour straight away.

***

Утверждение … … ….. A – B – C – D – E – F – G Соответствие диалогу

***

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3—9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3. What does the presenter say about Jane Bliss?

1) She is in the movie industry.

2) She is not particularly rich.

3) She worked for the United Nations.

Ответ:

4. During her first visit to Cambodia Jane realized she…

1) knew little about the life of people there.

2) was risking her life all the time.

3) couldn’t walk on her own anywhere.

Ответ:

5. What does Jane say about people in Cambodia?

1) They have a rich culture and history.

2) Their life is very hard.

3) They are not very hospitable.

Ответ:

6. Why did Jane choose the United Nations to work with?

1) It was the only one working in Cambodia.

2) She trusted this organization very much.

3) They offered her a position.

Ответ:

7. What is Jane’s main purpose in her work in Cambodia?

1) To make people aware of how dangerous the situation is.

2) To attract money and investors to the area for helping the refugees.

3) To make Cambodian people free and less shy.

Ответ:

8. Which of the following is NOT true about life in Cambodia now?

1) There are no roads.

2) People earn very little.

3) Charities play important role there.

Ответ:

9. What does Jane say about her life in Cambodia?

1) It was difficult to find a bathroom.

2) She found a lot of landmines.

3) It was hard to be under permanent stress.

Ответ:

По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

Раздел 2. Чтение

10. Установите соответствие между текстами A—G и заголовками 1—8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Recognize Your Limitations

2. Take a Rest

3. Clear Out Distractions

4. Have Help Handy

5. Plan Your Work

6. Stay Calm Under Pressure

7. Work With Interest

8. Stay Focused

A. The overriding idea is to go for simplicity. A quiet basement, a library table or the ground next to a big tree outside allow you to focus on what you’re doing. Examples of poor locations would include the kitchen table, common areas where you’re likely to encounter friends, or even your own room, as it’s usually stocked with a computer, television, and video games that seem a lot more appealing than what you’re doing. You have to remove yourself far enough from any potential disturbance. This is the key to any successful session of work.

B. Making your work relate to your leisure activities or hobbies eliminates much of the tedium associated with it. Whenever possible, make your schoolwork centre around something you love, and run with it. Essay assignment? Write about your favourite hobby. History report? Write about your favourite historical battle. Just pick anything to make your reports and assignments less mundane. As long as you meet all the requirements of the assignment, the rest is yours to choose.

C. It’s okay to reward a long session of hard work with a quick break here or there. Eat something, watch a TV show, play a bit of your favourite video game, pick up a musical instrument and practise a little bit. Trying to work too long at too hard a pace without a break is only going to spoil your work in the end, as you’ll start to tire, grow apathetic, and make mistakes. Taking semi-frequent breaks proportional to the amount of time you spent working keeps your mind fresh and your spirits up.

D. Ultimately, you are going to have to make executive decisions about the importance of various assignments relative to how much time and effort you’re expending on them. Don’t get bogged down worrying about finishing a small assignment that is worth a negligible fraction of your grade if it means that finishing it will cost you important points on a far more important project or paper for another class. Always rank assignments based on their due date and importance. In the grand scheme of things, it’s always best to do what will get you the best overall average of grade points.

E. If you have multiple assignments to do, don’t try and work on more than one at a time. Pick the most immediately due assignment and stick with it like glue until it’s done. Then move on to the next most pressing assignment. This way, you resist the temptation to bypass hard, looming assignments to jump to easier but less pressing assignments for your sense of accomplishment. Concentrating your efforts on one task is the key to any successful session of work.

F. Often, you’ll be tempted to pull all-nighters simply to get things done and out of your head. This is extremely counterproductive. If you feel very tired, you can just drop off at any moment. If you sense you’re giving less and less effort to your work, then stop. It’s always better to pick it up the next day when you’re focused than to run a marathon all night and wind up with substandard work that you aren’t proud of.

G. It’s not always easy to stay on the ball in college, but if you know how to stay calm, and make your assignments work for you, you can simplify things tremendously. If you have no idea how to even start an assignment, always feel free to contact your professor, campus tutoring office, or even your parents for advice. Don’t let your fears get in the way of your doing well. If asking a professor for assistance is the difference between a C and an A on an assignment, you should not care about your pride, you should care about your college marks.

***

Ответ … … ….. A – B – C – D – E – F – G

***

11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A—F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1—7. Одна из частей в списке 1—7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Cooling Buildings

Solar panels on the roof aren’t just providing clean power; they are cooling the house. Using thermal imaging, researchers determined that during the day, a building’s ceiling was 5 degrees Fahrenheit cooler under solar panels than under an exposed roof. At night, the panels help hold heat in, ___ (A).

As solar panels sprout on an increasing number of residential and commercial roofs, it becomes more important to consider their impact on buildings’ total energy costs. Data for the study was gathered over three days on the roof of the San Diego School of Engineering with a thermal infrared camera. The building is equipped with tilted solar panels and solar panels ___ (B). Some portions of the roof are not covered by panels.

The panels essentially act as roof shades. Rather than the sun beating down onto the roof, ___ (C), photovoltaic panels take the solar beating. Then much of the heat is removed by wind blowing between the panels and the roof. The benefits are greater if there is an open gap ___ (D), so tilted panels provide more cooling. Also, the more efficient the solar panels, the bigger the cooling effect. For the building researchers analyzed, the panels reduced the amount of heat reaching the roof by about 38 percent.

Although the measurements took place over a limited period of time, the team developed a model that allows them to extrapolate their findings to predict cooling effects throughout the year.

For example, in winter, the panels would keep the sun from heating up the building. But at night, they would also keep in ___ (E).

There are more efficient ways to passively cool buildings ___ (F). But, if you are considering installing solar photovoltaic, depending on your roof thermal properties, you can expect a large reduction in the amount of energy you use to cool your residence or business.

1. which causes heat to be pushed through the roof

2. where air can circulate between the building and the solar panel

3. that are flush with the roof

4. such as reflective roof membranes

5. reducing heating costs in the winter

6. that was not covered with panels

7. whatever heat accumulated inside

***

Ответ …. A – B – C – D – E – F