Текст книги "Англо-русский словарь юридических терминов"

Англо-русский словарь юридических терминов
Справочное издание
Под редакцией Е. А. Дегтяревой

[email protected]

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Данный глоссарий является юридическим терминологическим словарем, составленным к учебному комплексу по английскому языку для юристов International Legal English (издательство Cambridge University Press). Настоящий глоссарий можно считать как переводным (в основном слова и выражения переведены с английского на русский язык), так и толковым (отдельные термины сопровождаются пояснениями и комментариями). Глоссарий содержит более 2200 терминов и устойчивых словосочетаний, характерных для таких областей права, как договорное право; право, регулирующее деятельность акционерных обществ; вещное право; трудовое право и др.

Задача глоссария – дать возможность лицам, изучающим юридический английский язык с помощью учебника International Legal English, правильно понимать основные правовые понятия, формулировки, термины, а также отдельные общеупотребительные слова и знать их русские эквиваленты. Глоссарий способствует усвоению юридической лексики в сфере коммерческого права, что позволит обеспечить высокое качество перевода аутентичных текстов.

Глоссарий разработан с разбивкой по темам согласно 15 разделам учебника International Legal English. Слова расположены в алфавитном порядке с указанием номеров страниц учебника, на которых они употребляются. Статьи глоссария снабжены пометами, отражающими различия в британской и американской терминологии. Во второй части глоссария приводится алфавитный индекс по всей тематике учебника.

Глоссарий предназначен для студентов юридических вузов и факультетов, а также юристов, работающих в международных организациях. Предлагаемый вашему вниманию глоссарий окажется полезным и для тех специалистов, которые по роду своей деятельности имеют дело с переводом различных документов правового характера с английского на русский язык.

Выражаем глубокую благодарность заведующей кафедрой английского языка № 1 МГЮА имени О. Е. Кутафина профессору Г. Н. Ермоленко и заведующему кафедрой права Европейского союза МГЮА имени О. Е. Кутафина профессору С. Ю. Кашкину за ценные рекомендации и практическую помощь в редактировании словаря.

Авторы приносят искреннюю благодарность И. В. Бланковой за подготовку глоссария к печати.

UNIT 1
THE PRACTICE OF LAW

PАЗДЕЛ 1
ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА

LEGAL LATIN.

Юридическим латинский

UNIT 2
COMPANY LAW: COMPANY FORMATION AND MANAGEMENT

PАЗДЕЛ 2
ПРАВО КОМПАНИЙ: УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ КОМПАНИИ И СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

UNIT 3
COMPANY LAW: CAPITALISATION

РАЗДЕЛ 3
ПРАВО КОМПАНИИ: КАПИТАЛИЗАЦИЯ

UNIT 4
COMPANY LAW: FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES IN A COMPANY

РАЗДЕЛ 4
ПРАВО КОМПАНИИ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В КОМПАНИИ

UNIT 5
CONTRACTS: CONTRACT FORMATION

РАЗДЕЛ 5
ДОГОВОР: ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ ДОГОВОРП

UNIT 6
CONTRACTS: REMEDIES

РАЗДЕЛ 6
ДОГОВОР: СРЕДСТВА ПРАВОВОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ

UNIT 7
CONTRACTS: ASSIGNMENT AND THIRD-PARTY RIGHTS

РАЗДЕЛ 7
ДОГОВОР: ЦЕССИЯ И ПРАВА ТРЕТЬЕЙ СТОРОНЫ

UNIT 8
EMPLOYMENT LAW

РАЗДЕЛ 8
ТРУДОВОЕ ПРАВО

UNIT 9
SALE OF GOODS

РАЗДЕЛ 9
КУПЛЯ-ПРОДАЖА ТОВАРОВ

UNIT 10
REAL PROPERTY LAW

РАЗДЕЛ 10
ПРАВО НЕДВИЖИМОГО ИМУЩЕСТВА

UNIT 11
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

РАЗДЕЛ 11
ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНАЯ СОБСТВЕННОСТЬ

UNIT 12
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS

РАЗДЕЛ 12
ОБОРОТНЫЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫ

UNIT 13
SECURED TRANSACTIONS

РАЗДЕЛ 13
ОБЕСПЕЧЕННЫЕ СДЕЛКИ

UNIT 14
DEBTOR-CREDITOR

РАЗДЕЛ 14
ОТНОШЕНИЯ МЕЖДУ ДОЛЖНИКОМ И КРЕДИТОРОМ

UNIT 15
COMPETITION LAW

РАЗДЕЛ 15
КОНКУРЕНТНОЕ ПРАВО

INDEX

A

abandon 140

absorb 49

abstain from 66

abuse 108

abuse of a dominant position 205

abusive pricing practices 206

acceleration 65, 139

acceleration clause 165

accept 173

accept an offer 64

accept the benefits 94

acceptance 64

acceptance of electronic records 170

acceptance of goods 120

acceptance of offer 272

acceptance of offer by conduct 272

acceptance of the terms of a contract 125, 272

access 138

accommodate disabled persons 106

accomplish 52

accomplishments 197

account 43 account for 210, 277

account of profit 149

account of the circumstances 28

accountancy firm 27

accountant 180

accounting records 23

accounting requirements 26, 27, 28

accounts receivable 184

accrue 166

accrue (obligations) 27

accrue benefits 38, 40

accrue capital / interest / profits 40

achieve a high score on an exam 197

achieve a useful, concrete, tangible result 153

acknowledge (the terms of sale) 125

acknowledgement 132

acknowledgement of deposit 165

acquire 67, 94, 178

acquire a right 178

acquire innocently 67

acquire the proceeds 178

acquired company 49

acquirer 49

acquires knowledge of the rights 94

acquiring company 49

acquisition 49, 213

acquisition of controlling shares 49

acquisition of shares 44

act of God 66

act ultra vires 20

action 12, 149, 262

actionable 78

activist attorney 215

actor 204

actual damages 78

adduce evidence 128

adequacy 265

ad hoc 13

adjourn 56

adjudicate a matter 212

adjustment 106

administrative receiver 194

admittedly 89

adopt 57

adopt bylaws 23, 264

adopt parallel behaviour 205

adversarial 114

adversary 276

advertisement 106

advise on the availability of trade mark / name 155

advising 65

Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) 114

affect the lives, prospects and livelihoods of debtors and creditors 194

affidavit 12, 262

affiliate / affiliated company 104

affirm patentability 151

affirmative act 99

affix 56

afford 176

afford a creditor control (over) 176

afford legal protection 148

aforesaid 83

aggravated damages 111

aggregate 42

aggregate amount of consideration received by the Corporation 42

aggregate par value of all issued shares having par value 42

AGM (annual general meeting) 20, 38

agreement template 69

alienability 164

alienation 176

all possible precautions 142

allege 13, 20, 269

allocation of resources 204

allot 56

allotment 56

alter 49

alter bylaws 21, 23

alteration 49

amalgamation 61

amass wealth 204

ambiguity 133

ambiguous 93

amend 67

amend bylaws 23

amend share capital 44

amend the constitution 40

amendments to the regulations 44

American civil practice and remedies statute 191

amount 178

amount to 271

ancillary 65

animosity 269

annual return 27

annual turnover 211

answer 12, 262

answer to the annual meeting 38

anticipate 91, 123, 179

anticipated loss 80

anticipated proxy fight 28

anticipatory breach of the contract 88

anti-competitive 204

Anti-monopoly Office 207

antitrust charges 211

antitrust enforcement 215

antitrust laws 204

antitrust suit 215

anxious 194

apparent authority 120

appeal (a decision) 11

appease 27

appellant 11

appellate court 10

appliance(s) 178

applicability of statutes 186

applicable 120, 123

applicable legislation 120

applicable standard 123

applicant 106, 165

application 18, 151, 153

application of administrations 194

area 152

argue a case 262

arrangement 176, 181

as a last resort 194

as the case may be 121

as well as 178

asap (as soon as possible) 111

ascertain 79, 128, 130

ascertain damages 79

ascertainable 128, 130

ascribe to 67

ask for damages 111

aspects of employment contract 106

assert 98

assess 81, 265

assess fair use 157

assessment 88

asset 35, 67, 306

asset protection 193

asset protection plan 193

assets 176

assets less liabilities 201

assign (rights) 93

assign 64, 178

assign a security interest 178

assign a transferable record 170

assign the copyright 162

assignee 64, 93, 135, 163

assignment / assignation 92, 93, 178

assignment for the benefit of creditors 178

assignment of rights 64, 65

assignor 93, 135

associate 17, 157, 196, 262

assume 27

assurance of payment 277

at issue 86

at short notice 181

at sb's discretion 59

at stake 277

at the discretion of 23, 28

at the full hearing 110

at the request of an applicant 165

attach to (property) 177

attach to sb's salary 193

attachment 177, 276

attachment lien 190

attachment of the security interest 177

attain 191

attain the status of lien creditor 191

Attempt is unavailing 98

attest 50

attorney 18, 180

attorney's fee 68

attribution 170

auditor 21, 22, 180

auditor's report 21

authorize 194

authorize capital 20, 34

authorized 156

authorized capital 20

authorized share capital 34

authorized shares (US) 34

automatic stay 200

availability 155

available 79

average 262

award 78, 111

award a contract 210

award damages 78

awareness 108

awkward question 38

B

background 198

bad cheque 192

bailiff 11, 83, 190

balance 166

balance sheet 21, 200

bankruptcy 180, 190

bankruptcy procedure 193

bankruptcy trustees 180

Bar 15

bar a patent on sth 153

bar examination 15

bar from patentability 150

bargain 68

bargaining power 81, 276

barriers to entry 204

barristers' chamber 15

basic industry 211

battle of forms 133

be absorbed into 49

be assigned a landmark case 151

be at stake 277

be bound by (the terms) 272

be delivered by courier 171

be engaged in 210

be entitled for payment 164

be excluded from the statute's effect 170

be freely transferred by endorsement 164

be freely transferred physically or through signature 164

be immuned from normal defences to payment 164

be in credit 185

be in default 178

be in material form 149

be in the pipeline 108

be inconsistent with each other 184

be involved in a financial difficulty 178

be liable for 13

be liable on the note 172

be one's area of expertise 143

be reached by a lien 276

be represented on the board 38

be returned by courier 171

be secured by the assets of a company 165

be subject to pre-emption rights (about shares) 34

be termed a fixed charge 34

be typified by debentures 35

be under an obligation 142

be within the public domain 152

be wound up by the court 21

bear costs 38

bear responsibility 271

bear risks 36

bearer 164

become due 166, 178, 190

beneficiary 102, 165, 176

beneficiary of the security interest 176

benefit 64, 94, 102, 103, 150, 176

benefit from 104

"benefit of the bargain" damages 78

bid 210

bid rotation 306

bid suppression 306

bid-rigging 208

bill 9

bill of exchange (BE, B/E) 165

bill of sale 183

bind 176

bind third parties 176

binding (contract) 125

bitumen 207

board of directors 20, 23

bona fide 124, 164

bona fide holder for value 164

bona fide purchaser for value 164

bona fide sale 124

bonus issue / capitalization issue 21

book debt 128, 184, 185

boom (in work) 108

borrow money secured by the company's assets 35

borrower 176

boundary 138

boutique firm 18

breach 121

breach EU competition rules 211

breaching party 78

breach of contract 9, 78

breach of duty 23

breach of warranty 121

breaching party 78

brief 12, 125, 263

bring a claim against sb 108

bring an action 88

bring an enforcement action against sb 149

bring relief 215

bring sth in line with sth 44

bring to a close 197

broadly speaking 190

burdensome 20

business 52, 185

business activity 204

business conditions 207

business entity 104

business interruption 131

business litigation 180

business method patent 150

business method patent controversy 152

business practice 208

business reorganization 180

business system 153

business-to-business website 74

buy back shares 44

buy shares through the new issue 265

by conduct 64

by delivery 164

by the same token 278

by virtue of 25, 128

bylaws 20, 23, 24

by way of 83

C

C corporation 22,25,264

call a meeting 43

call to the Bar 15

cancel 66

cancel a contract 79

cancel a licence 193

cancel pre-emption rights 265

cancel shares 44

cancellation 49, 66, 122

cancellation of a contract 122

capability 138

capital gain 52

capital structure 48, 264

capitalisation 34

capitalisation of interest on the assets 43

capitalised terms 67

career guide 193

career option 194

carry out reorganizations 201

carry voting rights 44

cartel 204

case 14, 162

case bonanza 108

case citation 13

case (for) 200

case law 8

case management 109

caseload 202

case-specific factors 27

cash dividend (US) 21

cash payments 164

cash reserve 44

categorical description 183

cause controversy 9

cause of action 12, 89

cause the loss 80 cease 194

certificate of incorporation / articles of incorporation (US) 20, 23

certificate of deposit (CD) 164, 165

chair of the committee 43

chair of the tribunal 109

chairman of the board 38

challenge 115, 277

challenge a patent 151

challenging 14, 262

challenging career option 194

changes to company law 44

charge 35, 124, 140, 176, 271

charge discriminatory prices 207

charge interest 166

cash payment 164

chattel 120

chattel mortgage (US) 35

checklist 53

cheque (UK)/check (US) 164

chief administrative officer 28

Christie's 211 circular (noun) 43

CISG (the United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale Goods Act) 121

civil law 8, 108, 268

claim damages 66, 91, 131

claim property 124

claim rights over 271

claim under sb 163

claimed invention 153

class rights 54

clause 65

clause at issue 81

claw-back 27

clerkship 19

client events 196

close on the property 143

closing argument 96, 97, 98, 99, 100

closure 199

coal industry 204

co-determination 39

collapse (of the debtor-creditor relationship) 190

collateral 177

collateral contract 102

collateral purpose 21

collect book debt 185

collect damages 88

collect rents 276

collective bargaining 107

collocation 171

collude 211

collude on bidding prices 206

column 128

come into force / effect 44

come into play 120

command of English 277

commence 68, 166, 181

commence an action 68

commencement 124, 199

commercial exploitation 148

commercial litigation 262

commercial loan officer 180

commercial paper 164

commission87

commissioner of the work 163

commit competition law violations 208

commitment 266

commodity 121

common 180

common law 8

common seal 56

common sense 11

common share / stock (US) 34, 264

commonly encountered 176

communication site 138

Companies House 48

company (Br.) 20

company health 20

company secretary 20, 21

company's performance 32, 46

compatible with 87

compel 78

competency statement 137

competition 204

competition law 18, 204

competitively priced bid 210

competitor 210

complaint 12

complementary bid 306

comply with 61, 67, 83, 140, 268

comply with the provisions 43

composition of matter 150

comprehensive mechanism 200

comprise 196

comprise a patentable subject matter 153

comprise an invention 152

compulsory 46

compulsory winding-up 49

concentration 214

concern oneself 204

conciliation 114

concurrent ownership of property 137

condemnation 138

conduct 64

confer 92, 105

confer a benefit on sb 102, 105

confer a right 92

confer the full range of rights 153

confident 199

confidentiality 65

conflict of interest 21

conflict resolution 39

conform to specifications 131

consensual lien 190

consensual security interest 177

consent 140, 171

consequential damages 131, 132

conservation easement 138

conservator 95

consideration (for shares) 23, 265

consideration 64, 65

consistent (with) 123, 184

consolidation 48

constitute a patentable subject matter 148

constitute acceptance of the terms of a contract 125, 272

constitute perfection 177

constitutional amendment 48

constrain management 39

construct a deal 194

construction (of the contract) 102, 103, 105

construe 101, 105, 107, 130

construe as 133

consumer 121

consumer products 263

consumer rights advocate 215

consumer secured transactions 180

consummate a merger 278

contain an express provision 162

contemplate 67

contend 61

continuation of employment 106

continuing education 180

contract 64

contract formation 120

contract of good faith 270

contract template 65

contractual remedy 80

contribute (money, services) to 23, 196

control over the alienation of a security interest 176

control the management 39

controlling interest 49

controlling shareholders 46

controversy 9, 152

convene 60

conversely 115

convert the plaintiff's claim into money damages 83

convey 96, 101, 105

convey an idea 96

convey the importance of a point 101

convey title to property 105

convict 65

convoke 60

cooperative conflict resolution 38

copyright 148, 157, 162, 163

copyright in a work 148

copyright law 157

copyright protection 149

copyrighted material 157

core values 196

corporate finance 35

corporate governance 28

corporate law 263

corporate restructuring 196

corporate tax 262

cosiness 39

cost 167

counsel / legal counsel 122, 138

counter offer 64

courier 171

course of business 121

court confirmation 49

court costs 68

court of last resort 11

court-supervised restructuring 200

covenant 66, 142

covenant not to compete 67

covenant of quiet enjoyment 142

covering/cover letter 197

cramdown 200

create a claim upon real estate/real property 191

create a security interest 176

create a trust 204

created by operation of law 177

creative work 148

credibility of witnesses 98

credit 164, 184, 185

credit agreement 43

credit and collection manager 180

credit function 164

credit rating 99

credit standing 66

creditor 190

criteria 98

critical 128

critical provision in the clause 128

cross-border cooperation activities 196

cross-border insolvencies 200

Crown Court 10

crucial 80

crucial point 93, 269

cumulative dividends 42

currently in the pipeline 181

Customs & Excise 185

CV (curriculum vitae) 16, 98

cyber squatting 148

D

damage 109, 111

damages 78, 111, 123, 131, 132

damages for loss of business profits 131

date 178

date of employment 106

day-to-day affairs / operation (of the company) 21

DBA ('doing business as') 22

deadline 43, 84, 108, 268

deadline for filing 187

deal 149

deal can go through on time 172

deal (in) 121, 176

deal (with) 176

deal in the property 176

deal stage 266

deal with the debtor's assets 176

debenture 35, 164, 165, 184

debenture holder 164

debt 190

debt due to the plaintiff 192

debtor 190

debtor-creditor 190

debtor-creditor law 190

debtor-in-possession 200

debtor-in-possession (DIP) powers 200

decedent 135

decision 153

declare dividends 42

decline 215

deduct 83

deed 164

deed poll 102

deem 66, 95

deeply 183

de facto 13

de-facto merger 58

default 66, 79, 166, 176, 267

default in performing 66

defendant 11

defences 164

defer 52, 269

deference 142

defraud 191

delay 66, 83

delegate 20, 64, 93

delegation of duties 64

delegator 93

deliberately 97, 269

deliver a restructuring 200

delivery 120, 122, 164

demand 165

demand promissory note 166

demand replacement 79

demanding career option 194

demanding rules 27

demise 104

demised premises 104

Department of Enterprise Trade and Investment (DETI) 194

Department of Justice 211

Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) 194

deposit 165

depositing 176

depositing of personal property with a creditor 176

depositor 165

deregulate 44

derive from 9

descendant 134

design right 148

designated member 27

deter from 79

determination 194

deterrent to sth 80

develop a keen interest 197

developer 263

dichotomy between 'exit' and 'voice' 32

digital signature 73

direct(ed) placement 35

directive 9, 108

disability (C,U) 106

disable 106

disbar 15

discharge one's duties 93

discipline the management 38

disclaim liability for damages 132

disclaimer 120, 121, 131

disclaimer clause / disclaimer of warranty 120, 121

disclose 90

discount 265

discretion 59

discretionary 46

discriminate between applicants for employment 106

discrimination 108

discriminatory dismissal 106

disincentive 215

dismiss a case 40, 262

dismiss a charge 40

dismiss a claim 40

dismiss an appeal 127,128

dismiss an employee 40

dismiss an exception in total 151

dismiss a suit 81

dismissal 106

dispose of 61, 109, 270

dispose of property 191

dispute 9, 263

disapply 56

dissolution 58

dissolve 178

distinctive registered mark 148

distraught 194

distributable reserves 44

distribution 52

dividend 34

division of share capital 34

doctrine 155

document under seal 164

documentary evidence 165

domain 148, 152

domain name 148

domestic supplier 205

donation 64

downloaded software 7

down payment 173

draft 57, 80, 105, 164

draft a document 12

draft a security agreement 180

draft an agreement 43

draft a brief 262

draft version 97

drafter 179

drafting 65

draw 165

draw inferences of fact from evidence 99

draw one's account 185 draw up 84

draw up a promissory note 164

draw up an instrument 178

draw up the constitution 40

drawee 165

drawer 165

drawing of salary 27

drawn on a benk 165

drive down the market price 265

drop out 133

dubious 29

due 66, 83, 166, 190

due and payable 178

due diligence 266

due respect for 47

duress 64

duty of care 21

duty of confidentiality 20

duty owned by sb to sb 21

E

easement 134

easement appurtenant 136

easement by necessity 136

easement in gross 136

EC (European Community) competition law 204

e-commerce 169

economics 204

economies-of-scale 278

economy 204

educator 157

EEA (European Economic Area) 214

effect 125, 128, 169

effective 128

effectiveness (of the agreement) 128

efficacy 163, 278

elaborate 272

elect 95

elect and re-elect the board 38

electronic negotiable instrument 169

electronic record 170

electronic signature 170

electronic transmission 170

eligible for 153

emphasize 180

employ 18

employee 94

employee representation 39

employee share scheme 44

employer 94

employment 106

employment contract 106

employment history 95

employment lawyer / practitioner 108

employment offer 106

employment tribunal 18, 107

enable 56

enact 103

enactment 140, 205

encompass 135

encounter 125, 176

encounter a problem 171

encourage cosiness 39

encourage worker commitment to the firm 39

encrypt online documents 73

"end of the line" cases 194

endorse 57, 165

endorsed in blank 165

endorsement 164

end up 191

enemy alien 65

enforce (a contract, contractual provisions, terms, conditions) 64, 92, 94, 102, 104, 130

enforce 81, 177

enforce one's rights 138

enforce the obligations of the debtor 190

enforce the performance of the debtor's obligations to the creditor 177

enforceability 80, 93

enforceable 64, 80, 102, 170

enforceable contract 170

enforceable liquidated damages 80

enforceable right 102

enforcement action 149

engane (an attorney) 81

engage in certain activities 107

enhance economic efficiency 204

enjoyment 142

enshrine 108

ensuing 28, 29

ensure 176

ensure enforceability and negotiability 169

ensure payment 176

entail 15, 48, 190

enter a judgment (against) 191

enter a voluntary arrangement 194

enter into 61

enter into a contract 65

enter the market 208

entire agreement 65, 66

entitle the shareholder to voting rights and dividend 35

entitlement 35, 106

entrepreneurial drive for success 52

entry 139

entry of appearance 109

envisage 108, 114

environment 73

equation 64

equity 46, 200

equity funding 264

erroneous 185

error in the goods 123

escape obligations 64

escheat 134

essence 58

essential right 149

essential terms of a contract 64

essentially 269

establish the agenda of a meeting 43

estate 134

estate agent 136

estate pur autre vie 134

estimate 142

et alia (et al.) 13

et cetera (etc.) 13

ethnicity 108

EU Directive 9

European commissioner 211

European Community Merger Regulation 213

evaluation 211

event 181

evidential 128

examine the company's accounts 21

examiner 153

exception 151

excerpt 178

excess 10

exclusive possession 134

execution lien 190

executive officer 67

exemplary damages 79, 111

exempli gratia (e.g.) 13

exempt 170

exercise a right 40, 95

exercise authority 40

exercise caution 40

exercise effective control (over) 38

exercise influence 40

exercise pressure / power / force 40

exercise restraint 40

existing shareholders 37, 264

expand patent protection to sth 151

expand the practice of banks and other lenders 185

expanding 193

expectation damages 78

expert witness 18

expertise 143

expiry 155

expiry of the registration (to expire) 155

explicitly 65, 66, 125, 271

exploitation 148

expose to 102

exposure to risk 276

express contract 64

express obligation 47

express warranty 120, 121

expressly 269

expressly authorized 156

extraordinary general meeting 20

F

facilitate 164

facilitate free alienability of negotiable instruments 164

factual 186

favoured status 190

fail to disclose one's representative capacity 172

fail to perform obligations 78

failure 65, 155

failure to give such information 155

failure to make payment 65

failure to perform 80

fair deal 149

fair use (US fair dealing) 149

fair use doctrine 155

fall away 185

fall below thresholds 214

fall foul of 278

fall within the definition 168

far-reaching changes 169

fasten (to) 177

fasten to the property offered as security 177

faulty 131

feasible 271

featured speaker 180

federal lands 138

fee simple 134

fee tail 134

feedback 97

fiduciary duty 21

field questions 53

file 262

file a complaint 262 file a document 12

file a fine petition 207

file a motion 262

file a patent application 151

file an action 262

file an instrument 178

file corporate documentation 21

file for bankruptcy protection 134

file for protection 200

filing and notice deadline 43

filing fee 28

fill sb in (informal) 269

financial gains 36

financial institution 167

financial statement (US) 21

financing measures 134

fine 206

finish (of the goods) 131

fire 107

firmly 183

first-in-time rules 190

fiscal 47

fiscal number 143

fit and proper person 194

fixed charge 35, 176

fixed dividend 34

fixed rate of interest 165

fixed-term contract 76

fixtures 178

floating charge 35, 164, 176, 195

floating lien 176

flow of information 38

follow-up 87

follow-up to a telephone conversation 210

for the benefit of the third party 64

for value 165

for value received 166

force majeure 65

foreclosure on the real estate 276

foregoing 67, 140

foreseeability 78

foreseeable 78

form 149

form a company 20

formal insolvency procedures 194

formal writing 134

formation of a contract 64

formulation 148

foster 121

framework 122

franchise 105

franchise agreement 71

franchisee 71, 105

franchisor 105

fraud 20, 21, 64, 79

fraudulently 73

free rider 38

freedom from defects 129

freehold estate 134

freeze assets, a bank account 276

friendly takeover 48

full hearing 110

full partner 17, 262

full-service firms 196

funds held on deposit 165

furnishings 178

further period 155

futile preparations 91

G

gain control of 48

gain international experience 196

gain leniency 211

gain particular expertise 143

gap 128

gap in evidence 128

gas utility company 206

gather information 187

general creditor 191

general damages 78

general partnership 22

generality 140

genuine occupational qualification (GOQ) 106

German Cartel Office 206

get clearance 213

get everything watertight 270

get rid of shares 38

gift 64

give (a creditor) priority over (other creditors) 177

give business efficacy to the contract 163

give effect to 9, 128

give no weight to sth 80

give proper effect 142

give value 183

give weight to evidence 99, 269

given 270

go around: when there is not enough property to go around 190

go through 172

good documentary evidence 165

good faith 88, 120, 164

good faith effort 88

good information 38

good title 120

goods (US good) 120, 121

grant 134

grant a collateral 177

grant a patent 148

grant a perpetual license 163

grant an interest in debtor property 177

grant an order 268

grantee 134

grantor 134

H

habitation 140

hand down a landmark decision 151

handle 110

handle a case 138

handle a claim 109

handle a matter 263

handle disputes 178

happening 178

hardware and software requirements 74

harass the defendant 191

hard-bitten 194

hardware and software requirements 74

have the effect of appeasing 27

hazards of business 193

health 106

health and safety law 106

heat exchanger 128

heir 95, 135

held liable to pay damages 78

hence 64

herald 112

here 99

hereafter 178

hereby 67, 163

hereditament 134

herein 66

hereinafter 166

hereof 66

hereto 66

hereunder 66

herewith 178

hesitant to do sth 82

hidden interest in property 177

hiding: to be in hiding 192

high court 10

high profile case 208

high-value contract 271

hinge on foreseeability 78

hire 106

hiring process 106

hold all the cards 276

hold harmless sb from and against loss 123

hold in trust 128

hold liable 78

hold off a challenge 38

hold rule 80, 81, 90

hold shares 264

hold shares in treasury 44

hold the contract as prospectively binding 88

holder 148, 164

holder for value 164

holder in due course (HDC) 164

holder of a debenture 195

holder of a licence / licence holder 194

holder of title 120

holding in the company 265

holding of the court 152

holiday / leave entitlement 106

holiday 106

horizontal 205

horse-trading 267

hospitality 199

hostile takeover 49

housing 140 hurdle 108

I

id est (i.e.) 13

identities of the parties 106

identity 106

ill-conceived exception 151

illegal substance 271

illegality of the subject matter 64

immaterial 81

immediately due and payable 178

impair 66

impede competition 278

implement 56

implement actions 201

implementation of planned EU directives on employment 108

implication 105, 180

implied by conduct 13

implied contract 64

implied obligation 47

implied term 162

implied warranty 120, 121

imply 105

impose 79

impose a claim (on) 191

impose duties on 92

impute 278

in a good workmanlike manner 123

in consideration for 68

in consideration of 67

in contrast to sth 36

increasingly 194

in default of the terms, conditions or covenants 166

in deference to 142

in essence 58

in excess of the mandatory minimum share capital 34

in excess of. 10, 83

in full force and effect 125

in good faith 28, 29, 164

in lieu of 165

in order to be invoked against third parties 190

in plain language 168

in proportion to one's holdings 35

in recent years 194

in the course of business 120

in the course of the interview 198

in the ordinary / normal course of business 185

in the principal amount (of) 178

in the realm of 164

incapacity 95

incidental beneficiary 92

incidental damages 123, 131

including but not limited to 47, 95

inclusive of expenses for. 83

income statement (US) 25

incompatible with 52

incorporate 52

incorporation 21

incorporator 263

increased dividend 36

incur (liability) 27

incur costs 44, 270

incur expenses 78, 140

indebtedness 176

indebtedness secured by the property 176

indefinite contract 64

indemnification 122

indemnify 123

indemnity 266

indicate acceptance of offer 272

individual capital account 43

individual drawing account 43

induce into 65

inducement 64

infer 92

inference 99

information 163

informed decision 30

infringe (on) the right 149

infringement 18, 263