Текст книги "Английский язык. Экспресс-репетитор для подготовки к ЕГЭ. «Письмо»"

In conclusion, I want to say that the problems caused by tourism are not something that cannot be solved or prevented. In my opinion, tourism should be given a humanistic direction. Personally, I am for tourism that minimises its own environmental impact, respects local cultures and human rights as well as promotes knowledge and understanding.

Task 43.

Modern life is impossible without travelling. People travel the globe to see modern cities and ancient towns, to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene. But does travelling really broaden our minds?

On the one hand, it does because when you travel you are exposed to things which you would probably never experience if you stayed at home. To begin with, travelling gives us an opportunity to explore the country and learn about its customs and traditions. In addition, it is a good chance to try national food and take part in national festivals. Moreover, travelling is the best way to practise foreign languages and to make new friends.

However, there are people who travel to ‘all inclusive clubs’. It does not really matter to them which country they are in as long as they have an opportunity to relax. They do not bother to practise a foreign language and even if they go on excursions, they only take pictures and do not get any useful information. In this case travelling does not broaden their mind. Besides, when people travel on business, they are usually too concerned about their problems and have little time to explore the place they travel to.

To sum up, travel can expand people’s outlook if they travel in order to gain new experiences. On the contrary, if tourists are too lazy, they will not benefit from their journeys. So we may say that travel broadens the minds which want to be broadened.

Task 44.

Most teenagers today are given some pocket money by their parents. However, they often feel this is not enough for their needs. As a result, the question of whether they should have a part-time job often comes up.

In my opinion, young people should be allowed to work part-time if they want to. First of all, it will give them a useful introduction to the world of work. By earning money, teens can learn how a business works from the inside out as well as get some working experience. Besides, a part-time job will teach teenagers the value of things and make them more responsible and careful about money. They will understand that money does not grow on trees, it has to be earned. Finally, having extra money will make young people more independent of their parents.

Many parents say that teenagers are too young to work and that they should concentrate on their school work. Although this is true, I think that there are jobs for teenagers that will not take up too much time or can be done at weekends, for example, delivering newspapers or babysitting. In addition, young people can find a holiday job during the summer and earn money for something special.

In conclusion, I want to stress that teenagers will really benefit from having a part-time job. Nevertheless, they should not forget that their main task is to get education therefore their part-time jobs must not distract them from studying.

Task 45.

With recent advances in technology, lots of people have a chance to work at home instead of going into the main office every day. This work style is a mixed blessing, though.

On the one hand, if you work from home, you can structure your day to suit your personal needs. You can work as much, or as little, as you like and no one will look over your shoulder. Besides, you do not have to commute long distances to and from work and pay for your travel expenses. What is more, if you are married, you can spend more time with your kids, playing with them or training them.

On the other hand, working from home takes a phenomenal amount of self-discipline to start work when you know you do not have to be at the office by 9 a.m. In addition, there is no outside pressure to be busy so you must be entirely self-motivated. Moreover, there is a danger of putting in too many hours or overworking because there is no one to tell you that your working day is over. Finally, you will not be able to communicate with your colleagues so you may feel cut off from the rest of the world.

To sum up, working from home can be a great solution for certain people. However, like everything else in life, this work style has both pros and cons. That is why everyone should make a choice according to their preferences.

Task 46.

Nowadays young people have various job opportunities. No wonder that it is difficult for them to choose their future occupation. They often have to make a choice between money and job satisfaction.

I believe that the major concern when choosing a job should be our interests and talents. To begin with, a future career should fit our personality, otherwise it is not going to be very fulfilling. Besides, it is unlikely that a job will be done properly unless we are interested in it. Our attitude will surely have a negative impact. So I think it is better to choose a profession that suits our interests.

It is natural that many teenagers want to have high salaries to be able to buy everything they want. In their opinion, the more money they get, the more they will be respected. However, countless surveys show that money does not necessarily lead to job satisfaction. What is more, if you only work to earn money, your life will soon become extremely boring. On the contrary, if you really enjoy your job, you will achieve success and get the reward and respect that you truly deserve.

In conclusion, I want to stress that while salary is important, teenagers should not consider earnings as the primary factor when choosing their future occupation. Personally, I enjoy travelling therefore I want my career to be connected with tourism. I cannot say that I am indifferent to money but the most important thing for me is job satisfaction.

Task 47.

It is often believed that today’s teenagers are much worse than they used to be in the past. However, are they really as bad as they are thought to be?

To my mind, teenagers are criticised for no reason. To start with, nowadays more teenagers leave school with good qualifications and go to universities than ever before. There are millions of young people who achieve great things and become successful. In addition, lots of teens do household chores, look after their younger siblings or have part-time jobs. More than that, a growing number of teenagers take part in different sports competitions and win medals.

Many adults criticise teens for having bad habits like drinking or smoking. They also believe that modern teenagers are cruel and aggressive. I do not think it is fair that all teenagers are being labelled as problem. Not everyone who is a teenager drinks and gets involved in fights. Very few of them think it is clever to go out and start fighting. Of course, there are some rebellious teenage subcultures, but they are opposed to the materialism in the society. In fact, most teens think about changing the world to the best.

To sum up, the main reason for such unjust attitude to teenagers is the generation gap. It is difficult for adults to admit that teenagers have the right to have their own fashion, music and habits. Of course not all teens are ideal, but by and large they are no worse than their parents.

Task 48.

There is no doubt that the present way of life differs much from the one people had in the past. However, while young people appreciate the advantages of the modern lifestyle, it is often criticized by older people.

In my opinion, nowadays young people are offered many more life opportunities than in the past. To begin with, due to technological progress teenagers can travel around the world and expand their outlook. In addition, the Internet allows talented people to show their achievements and to find a job in any part of the world. What is more, new technology has made our everyday lives easier therefore we can spend more time on our education and leisure activities.

However, our grandparents think young people today are in greater danger because of drugs, new viruses and violence. I would not say that because nowadays teenagers are aware of the bad effects of drug addiction and take care of their health. Besides, most dangerous diseases can now be cured whereas in the past people died of incurable illnesses. As for violence, crime has always existed in the world but today we have better ways of protection.

In conclusion, I want to say that the old days were not as good as some people think they were. Of course, we still have lots of problems but, nevertheless, I find modern way of life more attractive as it allows me to make the most of my abilities.

Task 49.

Although wearing school uniform is not compulsory any more, it continues to be a subject of heated debate between teachers and schoolchildren.

On the one hand, it is believed that pupils who wear school uniforms perform better academically in school. It is true because children are often so focused on their wardrobe that it distracts them from learning. In addition, experts claim that teenagers who wear school uniforms behave more appropriately in the school environment. What is more, lots of pupils are often teased because they do not wear expensive designer clothes to school. So those students whose parents cannot afford stylish clothes will feel more comfortable.

On the other hand, children hate wearing the same clothes all the time because it stifles their self-expression and remove their individuality. Besides, most school uniforms are formal and rather uncomfortable, especially in hot weather, whereas children need to feel comfortable in order to maximize learning. Uniforms can therefore deter academic success. Moreover, although school uniforms cost less than trendy children’s clothing, they increase the amount of clothing parents will have to buy for their children.

To conclude, when both sides of the argument are looked at, I would argue that the best solution would be to design a cheap comfortable uniform that allows children to wear individual items so as to express their individuality. Personally, I do not mind wearing a uniform because it gives me a sense of belonging and makes me feel a bit different from students of other schools.

Task 50.

What people wear says a lot about who they are and what they do. It is not surprising that teenagers are so concerned about their clothes. However, their parents think that following fashion is a waste of time.

From my point of view, it is important to look smart and attractive. We cannot go through life with the same hairstyle or make-up. I believe it is also necessary for teenagers to follow fashion. When you are up with fashion, you feel confident. Nevertheless, I feel that looking clean and tidy is even more important than looking stylish. What is more, everyone should find their own style to express their individuality. I hate when people dress alike. As for me, I prefer hand-made or designer clothes and try to look stylish.

Many adults do not understand why teens spend so much time and money on their clothes. Moreover, they are often quite old-fashioned and do not accept modern trends in clothing. They say that fashion comes and goes but classical style remains. I cannot agree with them because teenage fashion is quite specific. Nobody likes to dress in styles that are too old for them, and it is no fun being teased because of it.

In conclusion, I would argue that modern lifestyle forces us to look stylish because people judge us by our clothes. It is especially important in business where your look can actually make or lose you money. Therefore I think we should learn how to look nice.

Глава 4. Анкета. Резюме

4.1. Рекомендации по заполнению анкеты

Анкеты заполняют печатными или полупечатными буквами, учитывая следующие правила:

1. Полное имя (Full name) – сначала пишется имя, потом фамилия. Отчество (Patronymic/Middle name) можно не указывать, если оно не выделено в отдельную графу:

Olga (Sergeevna) Kovaleva

Имя (First Name) – указывается только имя (без отчества).

Фамилия (Surname) – указывается фамилия.

2. Домашний адрес (Home address/Address) – указывается в принятом в Великобритании порядке: номер квартиры, корпуса, дома, улица, город (почтовый индекс факультативно), страна:

Flat 15 Block 1

Prohodchikov Street

Moscow 129347

Russia

Слова Flat, Block, Street, Avenue, Ulitsa, Prospekt пишутся с заглавной буквы. Можно использовать общепринятые сокращения, которые пишутся с заглавной буквы: Fl, Apt, St, Ave, Ul, Pr.

3. Гражданство (Nationality) – английское слово ‘Nationality’ соответствует русскому «гражданство» и не предполагает указания вашей этнической принадлежности:

Russian

Russia

Russian Federation

4. Религия (Religion) – название религии пишется с заглавной буквы.

Orthodox/Catholic/Muslim/Protestant/Buddhist/Jewish/none/—

5. Дата рождения (Date of birth) – может быть написана словами или цифрами. Названия месяцев пишутся с заглавной буквы. В зависимости от задания может использоваться британский или американский вариант.

British: 24 May 2009 American: May 24, 2009

24/05/2005 05/24/2009

24.05.2009 05.24.2009

6. Место рождения (place of birth) – географические названия пишутся с заглавной буквы. Возможна разная степень детализации, но соблюдается общий принцип в порядке написания от меньшего к большему:

город, страна;

деревня, область, страна:

1) St. Petersburg, Russia

2) Fokino Village,

Bryansk Region,

Russia

7. Пол (sex) – женский – female; мужской – male. Очень часто в анкетах указаны варианты (m/f или M/F)

с просьбой выбрать нужный вариант: delete (вычеркните ненужное), circle (обведите нужное), underline (подчеркните нужное).

8. Школа (School) – слова School/Gymnasium/Lyceum используются факультативно и пишутся с заглавной буквы. Знак «номер» может быть №, No или #:

School #1099 или #1099 Gymnasium № 1577 или № 1577

9. Школьные предметы (school subjects) – названия языков всегда пишутся с заглавной буквы:

French/English/German

названия отдельных предметов – как с заглавной, так и с прописной буквы:

History или history Chemistry или chemistry

10. Интересы и увлечения (Hobbies and interests)

При ответе на этот пункт используются существительные и герундий:

History, photography, cooking, travelling

11. Подпись (signature) – в конце анкеты часто требуется подпись.

4.2. Задания на заполнение анкеты

Task 1. Imagine you are going to attend a sports weekend. Fill in the application form below, giving details about yourself.

Task 2. You are going to take part in an international exchange programme. The programme organizers asked you to fill in the following form.

Task 3. Your parents are thinking of sending you to an English school for a year to improve your English. They received the following form from ISIS (Independent School Information Service), an organization which helps parents to choose the right school for their children. Fill in the form.

Task 4. Imagine you are going to apply for the position of secretary at an international company. Please fill in the application form below, giving details about yourself.

4.3. Примеры заполнения анкет

Task 1.

Task 2.

Task 3.

Task 4.

4.4. Рекомендации к составлению резюме

Успех поиска работы во многом зависит от того, как составлено резюме. Резюме является кратким изложением данных о вашем образовании и профессиональном опыте и включает, в том числе, краткие биографические справки. Объем резюме не должен превышать одной страницы.

Как правило, в резюме содержится следующая информация:

1. Личные данные (фамилия, имя, отчество, постоянный адрес проживания, контактный и домашний телефоны, дата рождения, возраст, семейное положение, сведения 0 детях и т. д.).

2. Цель поиска работы (очень кратко).

3. Сведения о полученном образовании (в обратном хронологическом порядке): названия и адреса средних школ, даты посещения, полученная квалификация в средних учебных заведениях; названия и адреса колледжей и университетов, даты учебы и полученная квалификация).

4. Сведения о дополнительном образовании (в обратном хронологическом порядке): названия курсов и их продолжительность, даты посещения и полученная квалификация.

5. Информация о ваших умениях и навыках: уровень владения иностранными языками, наличие водительских прав, навыки работы на компьютере, скорость машинописи и т. п.

6. Данные об опыте работы (в обратном хронологическом порядке): даты работы в каждой должности, название фирмы, должность, краткое описание обязанностей, достиг-нутые успехи за время работы в данной должности, причина увольнения и т. п.

7. Информация о личных интересах: игра на музыкальных инструментах, чтение определенного жанра книг, увлечение искусством, увлечение конкретным видом спорта и т. п.

8. Наличие рекомендательных писем: имена в полной форме и адреса людей, которые согласились дать вам рекомендации; если по требованию потенциального работодателя могут быть представлены рекомендательные письма, на это следует указать отдельно, сделав следующую пометку: References are available on request.

При составлении резюме желательно использовать следующие фразы: I developed; I created; I devised; I controlled; 1 initiated; I negotiated.

4.5. Примеры составления резюме

Литература

1. Единый государственный экзамен. Контрольно-измерительные материалы. Английский язык. – М.: Просвещение, 2005.

2. Ивашова О.Д. Единый государственный экзамен. Типовые тестовые задания. Английский язык. – М.: Экзамен, 2004.

3. Единый государственный экзамен 2006. Английский язык. Учебно-тренировочные материалы для подготовки учащихся. – М.: Интеллект-Центр, 2006.

4. Учебное пособие для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку: Чтение. Письмо./ М. Манн, С. Тейлор-Ноулз, E. Клековкина. – Макмиллан, 2006.

5. Английский язык нового тысячелетия. Учебник английского языка для 10–11 классов общеобразовательной школы./ О.Л. Гроза и др. – Обнинск: Титул, 2003.

6. Кисунько Е., Музланова Е. Бизнес-курс английского языка. – М.: ЮНВЕС, – 2001.

7. Malcolm Mann, Steve Taylore Knowles. Laser B2. – Macmillan, 2008.

8. Luke Prodromou. Rising Star. – Macmillan, 2001.

9. Michael Harris, David Mower, Anna Sikorzynska. Opportunities. – Pearson Education Limited, 2006.

10. Демоверсии ЕГЭ по английскому языку. – www.fipi.ru.