Текст книги "All sciences. №2, 2023. International Scientific Journal"
Автор книги: Inom Yakubov
Жанр: Математика, Наука и Образование
Возрастные ограничения: +12
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Текущая страница: 2 (всего у книги 3 страниц)
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AUTOMOTIVE GLASS HEATING SYSTEMS IN TERMINAL SOLDERING TECHNOLOGY NODE
Abdurakhmanov Sultanali MukaramovichCandidate of physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department " electronics and instrumentation "of the Faculty of computer systems of engineering of the Polytechnic Institute of Fergana
Saitov Shavkatjon Samiddin ugli
Candidate of physical and Mathematical Sciences, senior lecturer of the Department" electronics and instrumentation «of the Faculty of computer systems of engineering of the Polytechnic Institute of Fergana
Аннотация: Маколада автомабил ойналари исситиш тизимига металл контакт (терминал) ларни кваширлаш технологияларини ишлаб чикишда олиб борилган илмий тадкикотлар тахлили ёритилган. Илмий тахлил олиб боришда металл терминалларни но металл материалларга кавширлаш жараёнида таъсир этувчи хар бир омил атрофлича тахлил этилган. Тахлил асосида ишлаб чикилган умумий хулоса келтирилган.
Калит иборалар: контакт, терминал, кавширлаш, флюс, температура интервали, кушимча материаллар, юзалар муносабати.
Аннотация: В статье представлен анализ научных исследований, проведенных в области разработки технологий пайки металлических контактов (клемм) к системе обогрева стекол автомобиля. В ходе научного анализа был тщательно проанализирован каждый фактор, влияющий на процесс припайки металлических клемм к неметаллическим материалам. Представляется общий вывод, выработанный на основе анализа.
Ключевые слова: контакт, клемма, пайка, флюс, диапазон температур, дополнительные материалы, отношение поверхностей.
Abstract: The article presents an analysis of scientific research carried out in the field of developing technologies for soldering metal contacts (terminals) to a car window heating system. Through scientific analysis, every factor that affects the process of soldering metal terminals to non-metallic materials has been carefully analyzed. A general conclusion based on the analysis is presented.
Key words: contact, terminal, soldering, flux, temperature range, additional materials, surface ratio.
Avtovil oynalarini isitish tizimlarini tashkil etish masalasi judah kup ilmiy patentlarda urganilgan va masalani echimini kursatish buicha ihtirolar elon kilingan. Oynalarga elektr utkazuvchi elektrodlarni (kontaktlarni) kavshirlash bujicha ochik manbalarda mamotlar elon kilinmagan. Buning asosiy sababi technologiyalarni sir saklash bulgan. Automobile sanoatida har kandai technology muhim ahamiyatni kasb etadi. Dune automobile companyari automobile company kullaniladigan technologiyalarni yaratish, takomilashtirish bujicha ilmiy izlanishlarga judah katta mablaglarni sarf etadilar. Bu esa sohadagi olib borilaetgan ilmiy izlanishlar natijalarini ochik ilmiy journalarda chop etishni imkoniyatini bermaidi. Avtovil sozlikdagi har bir ilmiy izlanish natijalarini patentlash maksadida tadkikotchilar natijalarni fakat dune ilmiy jamiyati tan olgan patenlash markazlarida ruihatga oldirganlar. Shuning uchun tanlangan mavzuni umumiy takhlilini tayerlashda asosi etiborni ilmiy patnentlarda elon kilingan materiallarga karatamiz.
Avtovil oynalarini elektr yerdamida kizdirish tizimini tashkil etish uchun kuidagi yunalishlar buicha ilmiy tadkikotlarni takhlil etish lozim:
– metal bulmagan materiallarga utkazgich metal tarkibli kontaktlarni (terminalni) kavshirlash technologiyasi;
– but metal materiallarga kavshirlashda kavshirlash kushimcha materiallarni optimal kimeviy tarkibini aniklash;
– kavshirlash kushimcha materialarini kavshirlash zharaenidagi mikdorini belgilash;
– terminalni kavshirlashda optimal temperature mode and aniklash;
– kavshirlanadigan asosni technologik optimal holatini aniklash;
– kavshirlash operatiasini amalga oshirishni automatlashtirilgan tizimini takhlili.
Automobile orca review oynasini sovuk about havo sharoitida malum temperaturada ushlab turish uchun mahsus technologiyalar talab ethiladi. Bu technologiyalaridan asosiy keng kullanilaetgan varyanti oynani elektr isitish tizimi bilan kizdirish bulib kolmokda. Oynalarni kizitish tizimini schematik kuidagicha ifodalash mumkin.
Shartli schemadan kurinib turibdiki, avtovil oynasini kizdirib turish uchun avtomovil oynasiga mahsus kumush aralashtirilgan buek yerdamida elektr utkazuvchi tur tashkent etyladi. Buoy automatlashtirilgan kurilma yerdamida tashkent ethlib, pechda kuritiladi. Utkazuvchan turni taskil etish tizimini technologiyasi yahshi taskil ethylgan va urganilib chikilgan. Tanlangan mavzuni asosi etibori utkazgich turga elektr tokini ulanishini tashkil etishga karatilgan elektr elektrodni (terminalni) kavshirlashga karatilgan.
Automobile oilarini ishlab chikishda mahsulotlarni standardlashtirish va universalligini ta'minlash maksadida terminallarni standard ulchamli shakillari kullanilmokda.
Keltirilgan terminal formasi va ulchami anik standardlarda bulib, deyarly barcha motor oilari isitish tizimida kullaniladi.
Metal terminal 1 ikki kismga bylinadi, 11-kismi L-shaklidagi vertical kismga ega va boshka kism bilan aloka kiladi 12. 11-kism shisha taglikka parallel ravishda 111-kismni birlashtiruvchi plate ega (kyrsatil magan), va 111-gachasi boglovchi kismning 12-bimining boshka kismining en chetidan 111-gachasi perpendicular yynalishda chyzilgan vertical kism 112. Vertical kism 112 boshka kismning 12 tomonidagi sirtda boshka kism 12 bilan aloka kiladi. Birlashtiruvchi kism 111 shisha taglikka kagan tomondan leҳimlash orkali ushbu shisha taglikka ulangan birlashtiruvchi sirte 113 ha ega.
Bundan tashkari, boshka kism 12 shisha pogona bilan ҳosil kilingan pogonali kismga 124 ega va pogonali kism 124 shisha taglikka kagan tomondan leҳimlash orkali shisha taglikka epishtirilgan. 123. Bundan tashkari, birlashtiruvchi kism 121 boshka uchida birlashtiruvchi kismga 121 perpendicular yynalishda chetidan chyzilgan vertical kism 122 va vertical kismning ohirida birlashtiruvchi kism 121 ga sezilarly darazhada parallel ravishda chyzilgan chizikka ega.. 122. Yassi kism 125 kengaitirilgan. Vertical kism 122 11-kismning vertical kism 112. Yani 11-kismning vertical kismi 121 va boshka kismning 12-vertical kismi 122 bir-biriga tegib turadi.
Terminalni oina sirtiga elektr kontakti sifatida kavshirlanganda oina va kashirlash kushimcha materialarini issyklikdan kengayish koieficienti turlicha bulganligi sababli kontakt vakt utishi bilan kucishi mumkin. Bu kamchilikni tuzatishni usullaridan biri kavshirlash materialarini tarkibini tadkikotlar asosida tugri tanlashdir.
Tadkikotlarni natijalaridan maylumki, kavshirlash sifati (degrodatsiyasiga) kullaniladigan flux tartibi va tarkibiga ham boglik. Flux bilan kaita ishlangan maidon 3 dan 20:1 nisbat munosabatida bulishi kerak. Bundan tashkent kavshrlashdan oldin surtilgan flux kavshirlashdan keyin tozalab tashlanmaidi. Kavshirlash natijalarini samaradorligiga kullanilaetgan flux tarkibiga ham boglik.
Kupchilik tadkikotlarni kursatisic kavshirlash kushimcha materiali sirt zichligi mikdori 0.18 dan 1.43 g/cm 2 oralikda yahshi natija beradi. Oina sirtiga terminalni kavshirlash temperaturasi 20-200°From oralikda buladi.
Yahshi natija bergan tadkikotlarda kavshirlash kushimcha materiali Sn-Zn (kalai-rukh) tarkibda Zn ulisha mass 8% ni tashkil etadi.
Misol uchun Sn-Zn soldering iron temperaturasi 260° C eki 320° C bulganda sifatli kavshirlash amalga oshadi. Metal chikish (electrode) 1 mis eki latun elementni oz ichiga oladi. Kavshirlash kushimcha materialini 113 va 123 sirtlarda sirt zichligi 1,18 g/cm 2 ni tashkil etadi.
Kavshirlash technolgiyasini oinaga tasirini aniklash maksadida mahsus ketma ketlikda tazhribadar utkazilgan.
Issyklik davri sinovi ҳar bir namuna uchun tsiklni takrorlash orkali amalga oshirildi, u 30 daka davomida -30° C da saklangan va keyin bir cycle sifatida 30 daka davomida 80° C da saklanadi. Bundan tashkari, tsiklni takrorlash zharaenida shisha taglikdagi yeriklar paydo bylishi bevosita kyz bilan kuzatilgan va yeriklar paydo bylishini kuzatishda yeriklar paydo bylishidan oldin takrorlangan tsiklar sonisoblangan.
2-zhadvalda ushbu ihtironing kavshirlash usuli bilan ishlab chikarilgan namunalar (misollar) va kiesiy misollar uchun isitish davri sinovining natijalari kyrsatilgan. Issyklik davrlari sony 300 dan kam bilgan va shisha tagida yeriklar paido bilgan ҳolat "X" bilan, thermal davrlar sony 300 va undan kyp bilgan ҳolat "◯" bilan kyrsatilgan.
2-zhadvaldan kirinib turibdiki, metal kyrgoshin materiali electrodi latun bilgan kiyoshi misolda, soldering ironing ҳarorati 310° C eki 260° C, flux maidoni nisbati 3 dan kam. Birlik uchun kavshirlash kushimcha materiali sirte zichligi 0,14 dan 1,18 g/cm 2 oraligida bilsa, barcha namunalar thermal cyclda 300 martadan kichik bulgan holdayek yerlib ketgan.
Ikkinchi tomondan, metal metal chikish electrodi latun bilgan namunadagi misolda, payalnikning ҳarorati 260° C eki 320° C, birlik maidoni uchun kotishma sirte zichligi 1,18 g / cm2, flux maidoni. 4,5, 18 va 20 nisbatlaring ҳar kandayida thermal davrlar sony 300 martadan oshdi va maҳsulot mukammal sifatga ega ekanligi tasdiklandi. Ainiksa, flux maidoni nisbati 20 ga teng bulgan namunali misolda, shisha taglik 3000 With eki undan ortik isitish davrlaridan keyin ҳam yerlib ketmaydi va sifati judah yahshi.
Hulosa. Keltirib utilgan takhlilii materiallardan hulosalash mumkinki, avtolarni oynalarini elektr energiyasi orkali kizdirish tizimini tashkil etish buyicha judah kup ilmiy izlanishlar olib borilgan. Bu ilmiy izlanish natijalari fakat ilmiy patentlar orkali mualliflashtirilgan. Ilmiy natijalar ochik ilmiy journalarda elon kilnmagan. Buning sababi, tadkikotlar mavzulari avtovil sanoatiga talukligi va mavzularni fakat hizmat foidalanishi ("chipboard" for service use) grifida bulganligidir.
Ilmiy tadkikotlar takhlili kursatadiki, metal kontaktlarni (terminallarni) but metal materiallarga kavshirlashda anik technologik talablarga etibor karatish lozim. Birinchi navbatda kavshirlash kushimcha materiali tarkibi keltiribulgan tarkibda bulishi, ikkinchidan kavshirlashda kavshirlash maidonini flux bilan kaita ishlash maidoni kashirlash maidonidan kamida 3 marotaba katta bulishi, uchinchidan kavshirlashni anik temperature intervalida amalga oshirilishi kerak.
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TECHNICAL SCIENCE
INFRARED MOISTURE METER FOR RAW COTTON IN BUNTS
UDK 681.586.5
Kuldashov Obbozzzhon KhokimovichDoctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Research Institute «Physics of Semiconductors and Microelectronics» at the National University of Uzbekistan
Аннотация. В статье предложен инфракрасный влагомер хлопка – сырца в бунтах, отвечающим требованиям экспрессности и безконтактности.
Показано, что повышение качество материалов, получаемых из хлопка – сырца возможно при правильной организации его хранения и соблюдения оптимальных режимов технологии переработки на всех этапах.
Увеличение производства и ускорение темпов переработки хлопка предъявляются высокие требования, также технологическому оборудованию, и к прибором контроля качественных показателей сырья, полуфабрикатов, и готовой продукции.
В настоящее время имеется целый ряд методов и устройств для контроля влажности хлопка– сырца в бунтах, однако они не обеспечивают необходимой точностью и чувствительности измерений, в связи с этим необходимы новые методы и устройства.
Инфракрасный влагомер хлопка – сырца состоит из светодиодов, фотоприемника, оптически связанного через контролируемый объект с излучателем, и блока обработки фотоэлектрического сигнала.
Разработан цифровой инфракрасный влагомер хлопка – сырца, в нем контролируемая величина при помощи светодиодов преобразуется в изменение потоков излучения, которые затем фотоприемником преобразуется в изменение электрической величины.
Принцип действия цифрового инфракрасного измерителя влажности хлопка – сырца заключается в следующим: контролируемый объект облучается на двух длинах волн инфракрасного (ИК) диапазона, одна из которых соответствует интенсивному поглощению воды – измерительный (1.94 мкм), а другая слабому – опорный (2.2 мкм).
Приведена блок-схема цифрового инфракрасного измерителя влажности хлопка – сырца и временные диаграммы, поясняющие её работу.
Характерными особенностями инфракрасного влагомера хлопка – сырца в бунтах является высокая избирательность, чувствительность, точность, а также стабильность.
Абсолютная погрешность результатов измерения содержания влаги составляло 1,5%.
Ключевые слова: хлопок – сырец, качество, хранение, влажность, контроль, цифровой, инфракрасный, чувствительность, точность, экспрессность.
Annotation. The article proposes an infrared moisture meter of raw cotton in riots that meets the requirements of expressiveness and contactlessness.
It is shown that improving the quality of materials obtained from raw cotton is possible with the proper organization of its storage and compliance with optimal processing technology modes at all stages.
Increasing production and accelerating the pace of cotton processing, high demands are also placed on technological equipment, and on the quality control device for raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished products.
Currently, there are a number of methods and devices for monitoring the moisture content of raw cotton in riots, but they do not provide the necessary accuracy and sensitivity of measurements, and therefore new methods and devices are needed.
The infrared moisture meter of raw cotton consists of LEDs, a photodetector optically connected through a controlled object with an emitter, and a photovoltaic signal processing unit.
A digital infrared moisture meter of raw cotton has been developed, in which the controlled value with the help of LEDs is converted into a change in radiation fluxes, which are then converted by a photodetector into a change in electrical magnitude.
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