Текст книги "Глоссариум по цифровой экономике. 1500 терминов и определений"

Cyberthreat is the spread of malicious information and spam on the Web that threatens the personal information security of a person, company, state.

«D»

Data analytics is the science of analyzing raw data to make conclusions about that information. Many of the techniques and processes of data analytics have been automated into mechanical processes and algorithms that work over raw data for human consumption720720
  Data analytics – Text: electronic. – www.investopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL:https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/data-analytics.asp


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Data center is a facility composed of networked computers, storage systems and computing infrastructure that organizations use to assemble, process, store and disseminate large amounts of data. A business typically relies heavily on the applications, services and data contained within a data center, making it a critical asset for everyday operations721721
  Data center – Text: electronic. – www.techtarget.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL:https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/definition/data-center


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Data controller is a person, company, or other body that determines the purpose and means of personal data processing (this can be determined alone, or jointly with another person/company/body)722722
  Data controller – Text: electronic. – www.atinternet.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL:https://www.atinternet.com/en/glossary/data-controller/


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Data Curation is the organization and integration of data collected from various sources and it involves capturing, appraisal, description, preservation, access, use and reuse, and sharing of research data723723
  Data Curation – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/data-curation/6711


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Data Economy refers to the utilization of digital data in commercial transactions724724
  Data Economy – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


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Data Enrichment is the process of augmenting collected raw data or processed data with existing data or domain knowledge to enhance the analytic process725725
  Data Enrichment – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/data-enrichment/41414


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Data entry – the process of converting verbal or written responses to electronic form726726
  Data entry – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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Data For social science, data is generally numeric files originating from social research methodologies or administrative records, from which statistics are produced727727
  Data – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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Data Management is all the disciplines related to managing data as a valuable resource, such as data modeling or metadata management728728
  Data Management – Text: electronic. – //en.wiktionary.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/data_management


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Data management plan (DMP) is a formal document that outlines the creation, management, sharing, and preservation of data, both during and after a research project. Many funding agencies require researchers prepare a DMP as part of funding proposals729729
  Data management plan (DMP) – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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Data markup is the stage of processing structured and unstructured data, during which data (including text documents, photo and video images) are assigned identifiers that reflect the type of data (data classification), and (or) data is interpreted to solve a specific problem, in including using machine learning methods (National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence for the period up to 2030).

Data mining is the process of finding anomalies, patterns and correlations within large data sets to predict outcomes. Using a broad range of techniques, you can use this information to increase revenues, cut costs, improve customer relationships, reduce risks and more730730
  Data mining – Text: electronic. – www.sas.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) https://www.sas.com/en_us/insights/analytics/data-mining.html


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Data modeling is the process of creating a simplified diagram of a software system and the data elements it contains, using text and symbols to represent the data and how it flows. Data models provide a blueprint for designing a new database or reengineering a legacy application. Overall, data modeling helps an organization use its data effectively to meet business needs for information731731
  Data modeling – Text: electronic. – www.techtarget.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/definition/data-modeling


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Data Processing within the field of information technology, data processing typically means the processing of information by machines. Data processing is defined by procedures designed to make a data collection easier to use, ensure its accuracy, enhance its utility, optimize its format, protect confidentiality, etc. For archival purposes, the process and results of data processing must be systematically and comprehensively captured so that the process applied to the data is transparent to users732732
  Data Processing – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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Data protection is the process of protecting data and involves the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data and technology, the public perception and expectation of privacy and the political and legal underpinnings surrounding that data. It aims to strike a balance between individual privacy rights while still allowing data to be used for business purposes733733
  Data protection – Text: electronic. – www. techopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/29406/data-protection


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Data science is the field of study that combines domain expertise, programming skills, and knowledge of mathematics and statistics to extract meaningful insights from data. Data science practitioners apply machine learning algorithms to numbers, text, images, video, audio, and more to produce artificial intelligence (AI) systems to perform tasks that ordinarily require human intelligence. In turn, these systems generate insights which analysts and business users can translate into tangible business value. Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data, and apply knowledge and actionable insights from data across a broad range of application domains734734
  Data science – Text: electronic. – www.datarobot.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.datarobot.com/wiki/data-science/


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  Data science – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/integrating-big-data-technology-into-organizational-decision-support-systems/40290


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Data set (or dataset) is a collection of data. In the case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or more database tables, where every column of a table represents a particular variable, and each row corresponds to a given record of the data set in question. The data set lists values for each of the variables, such as for example height and weight of an object, for each member of the data set. Data sets can also consist of a collection of documents or files736736
  Data set – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_set


[Закрыть]. Dataset or «data set.» A collection of data records. In the SAS statistical software, a «SAS data set» is the internal representation of data737737
  Dataset – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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Data transfer rate (DTR) is the amount of digital data that is moved from one place to another in a given time. The data transfer rate can be viewed as the speed of travel of a given amount of data from one place to another. In general, the greater the bandwidth of a given path, the higher the data transfer rate738738
  Data transfer rate (DTR) – Text: electronic. – www.techtarget.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchunifiedcommunications/definition/data-transfer-rate


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Data variability describes how far apart data points lie from each other and from the center of a distribution. Along with measures of central tendency, measures of variability give you descriptive statistics that summarize your data739739
  Data variability – Text: electronic. – www.investopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/variability.asp


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Data veracity is the degree of accuracy or truthfulness of a data set. In the context of big data, it’s not just the quality of the data that is important, but how trustworthy the source, the type, and processing of the data are740740
  Data veracity – Text: electronic. – //datafloq.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://datafloq.com/read/data-veracity-new-key-big-data/


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Database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS). Together, the data and the DBMS, along with the applications that are associated with them, are referred to as a database system, often shortened to just database. Data within the most common types of databases in operation today is typically modeled in rows and columns in a series of tables to make processing and data querying efficient. The data can then be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled, and organized. Most databases use structured query language (SQL) for writing and querying data741741
  Database – Text: electronic. – www.oracle.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.oracle.com/database/what-is-database/


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Database management system (DBMS) is a software package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a database. A DBMS generally manipulates the data itself, the data format, field names, record structure and file structure. It also defines rules to validate and manipulate this data. Database management systems are set up on specific data handling concepts, as the practice of administrating a database evolves. The earliest databases only handled individual single pieces of specially formatted data. Today’s more evolved systems can handle different kinds of less formatted data and tie them together in more elaborate ways742742
  Database management system (DBMS) – Text: electronic. – www. techopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24361/database-management-systems-dbms


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DDI instance an XML document, marked up according to the DDI DTD. In other words, a codebook or catalog record marked up in DDI-compliant XML743743
  DDI instance – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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Debugging is the process of finding and resolving bugs (defects or problems that prevent correct operation) within computer programs, software, or systems. Debugging tactics can involve interactive debugging, control flow analysis, unit testing, integration testing, log file analysis, monitoring at the application or system level, memory dumps, and profiling. Many programming languages and software development tools also offer programs to aid in debugging, known as debuggers744744
  Debugging – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugging


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Decentralized applications (dApps) are digital applications or programs that exist and run on a blockchain or peer-to-peer (P2P) network of computers instead of a single computer. DApps (also called «dapps») are outside the purview and control of a single authority. DApps – which are often built on the Ethereum platform – can be developed for a variety of purposes including gaming, finance, and social media745745
  Decentralized applications (dApps) – Text: electronic. – www.investopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/decentralized-applications-dapps.asp


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Decentralized control is a process in which a significant number of control actions related to a given object are generated by the object itself on the basis of self-government.

Decentralized finance (DeFi) is an emerging financial technology based on secure distributed ledgers similar to those used by cryptocurrencies. The system removes the control banks and institutions have on money, financial products, and financial services746746
  Decentralized finance (DeFi) – Text: electronic. – www.investopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.investopedia.com/decentralized-finance-defi-5113835


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Decentralized finance (DeFi) is an emerging financial technology based on secure distributed ledgers similar to those used by cryptocurrencies. The system removes the control banks and institutions have on money, financial products, and financial services747747
  Decentralized Finance (DeFi) – Text: electronic. – www.investopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.investopedia.com/decentralized-finance-defi-5113835


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Decision intelligence is a discipline offers a framework to assist data and analytics practitioners develop, model, align, implement, track, and modify decision models and processes related to business results and performance.

Decision Support Systems is a collection of integrated technologies, software and hardware, that constitute the main support of the organization`s decision making process748748
  Decision Support Systems – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/decision-support-systems/7020


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Decompression is a feature that is used to restore data to uncompressed form after compression749749
  Decompression – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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Deep learning (also known as deep structured learning) is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on artificial neural networks with representation learning. Learning can be supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised. Deep-learning architectures such as deep neural networks, deep belief networks, deep reinforcement learning, recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks have been applied to fields including computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, machine translation, bioinformatics, drug design, medical image analysis, climate science, material inspection and board game programs, where they have produced results comparable to and in some cases surpassing human expert performance750750
  Deep learning – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning


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Deep Technology (DEEP TECH) refers to a startup whose business idea is based on a scientific or otherwise extensive (deep) understanding of technology. The term has been adopted to set certain companies apart from other startups which are also technology driven. A deep tech company may, for instance, base the core of its operations on particularly complex mathematics in the creation of software algorithms. Deep technology companies typically comprise artificial intelligence companies, which try to replicate human thinking, build navigation systems for flying cars and so on751751
  Deep Technology (DEEP TECH) – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


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Degree of maturity is the degree of clarity (clarity) of the definition, management, measurement, control and implementation of a specific technological process.

Depersonalization of personal data – actions, as a result of which it becomes impossible, without the use of additional information, to determine the ownership of personal data by a specific subject of personal data.

Depersonalization of personal data is actions as a result of which it is impossible to determine, without the use of additional information, the belonging of personal data to a specific User or other personal data subject752752
  Depersonalization of personal – Text: electronic. – //link.springer.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-39225-3_83


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Design Center – an organizational unit (the entire organization or its subdivision) that performs a full range or part of the work on creating products up to the stage of its mass production, and also has the necessary personnel, equipment and technologies for this.

Destruction of personal data – actions, as a result of which it becomes impossible to restore the content of personal data in the personal data information system and (or) as a result of which material carriers of personal data are destroyed.

Developer Experience (DX) is a type of user experience that has been targeted at software professionals, such as software developers. An excellent DX is a central business objective, for instance, for SaaS and platform economy operators753753
  Developer Experience (DX) – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


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DevOps (development & operations) is a set of practices, tools, and culture philosophies that automate and integrate the processes of software development teams and IT teams. DevOps emphasizes team empowerment, collaboration and collaboration, and technology automation. The term DevOps is also understood as a special approach to organizing development teams. Its essence is that developers, testers and administrators work in a single thread – they are not each responsible for their own stage, but work together on the release of the product and try to automate the tasks of their departments so that the code moves between stages without delay. In DevOps, responsibility for the result is distributed among the entire team. Devops is an agile operational model for producing electronic services. DevOps focuses on the communication between software developers, maintenance and production personnel. DevOps aims to build an environment in which building, testing and publishing software can happen quickly, often and reliably. DevOps relies on the practices of agile development and tools that automate infrastructure management. DevOps is a particularly central term in modern SaaS software development754754
  .DevOps – Text: electronic. – www.atlassian.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.atlassian.com/ru/devops


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  .DevOps – Text: electronic. – //mcs.mail.ru (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://mcs.mail.ru/blog/chto-takoe-metodologiya-devops


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  Devops – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


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Dialogflow API.AI allows users to build brand-unique, natural language interactions for bots, applications, services, and devices. It features a Natural Language Understanding Tools to design unique conversation scenarios, design corresponding actions and analyze interactions with users.

Dictionary file is a special form of machine-readable codebook that contains information about the structure of a data file and the locations and, often, the names of variables in the data file. Typically, a researcher uses a dictionary file and a data file together with statistical software; the statistical software uses the dictionary to specify variables by name, rather than specifying their locations in the file757757
  Dictionary file – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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Digital Age is the time we live, characterized by people’s ability to transmit information without restriction and to have access to information in a way that was impossible in the past. It is also called the «informational era»758758
  Digital Age – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/resource-sharing/7562


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Digital Agenda represents the synthesis of the European Commission’s strategy for the usage of ICTs in order to achieve economic growth759759
  Digital Agenda – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/meta-digital-accounting-in-the-context-of-cloud-computing/41322


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Digital agriculture sometimes known as smart farming or e-agriculture, is tools that digitally collect, store, analyze, and share electronic data and/or information in agriculture. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has described the digitalization process of agriculture as the digital agricultural revolution760760
  Digital agriculture – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_agriculture


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Digital assets are electronic files of data that can be owned and transferred by individuals, and used as a currency to make transactions, or as a way of storing intangible content, such as computerized artworks, video or contract documents761761
  Digital assets – Text: electronic. – www.ft.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.ft.com/content/2691366f-d381-40cd-a769-6559779151c2


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Digital Body Language encompasses all the digital activities performed by an individual. Every time a person performs a Google search, visits a web page, opens a newsletter or downloads a guide, they contribute to their digital body language. Digital body language is used in building marketing automation762762
  Digital Body Language – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


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Digital Business Ecosystem it helps to support digital business models and local and regional development and growth encouraging cooperation between small organizations, entrepreneurs, local government, public administration, research, and innovation centers to promote the cohesion of local communities and enable new modes of sustainable e-business practices and open innovation763763
  Digital Business Ecosystem – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/digital-business-ecosystem/68628


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Digital Business Strategy is combination between IT strategy and business strategy764764
  Digital Business Strategy – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/digital-business-strategy/41823


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Digital Business, Or Electronic Business is an activity that aims at gaining a competitive edge via (or with the help of) the web. The Internet has become one of the standard operational environments for electronic business, but there are alternatives. Digital business focusses on innovations related to the operational concept and realizes them through modern electronic solutions. On the strategic level, the core of operations is based on digitization, not merely on turning traditional processes electronic. This entire glossary of digital business can be understood as a group of things used to implement digital business strategies. Digital business is often linked to disruption-oriented approaches765765
  Digital Business, Or Electronic Business – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


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Digital Capabilities is the term used to describe the skills and attitudes that individuals and organisations need if they are to thrive in today’s world. At an individual level we define digital capabilities as those which equip someone to live, learn and work in a digital society766766
  Digital Capabilities – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/the-digital-economy-readiness-study/85317


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Digital citizenship as the self-enactment of people’s role in society through the use of digital technologies, stressing the empowering and democratizing characteristics of the citizenship idea767767
  Digital citizenship – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_citizen


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Digital Company is companies, that offer digital brokerage services and advertising services without a fixed workplace768768
  Digital Company – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/a-new-digital-service-tax-for-the-transformation-of-the-taxation-architecture-in-turkey/97819


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Digital consumer may be defined as someone using mobile devices, and in a broad sense, as e-consumer, looking for and purchasing products on the Internet, taking advantage of the content published on-line, aware of themselves and of their needs, and keen on simplifying the decisions they need to make769769
  Digital consumer – Text: electronic. – www.researchgate.net (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327079329_Digital_Consumer_Trends_and_Challenges


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Digital content refers to any type of media that an organization uses to engage with visitors, customers, or users of their website or applications, distributed by online delivery systems770770
  Digital content – Text: electronic. – www.optimizely.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.optimizely.com/optimization-glossary/digital-content/


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Digital Curation is all about maintaining and adding value to a trusted body of digital information for future and current use; specifically, the active management and appraisal of data over the entire life cycle. Digital curation builds upon the underlying concepts of digital preservation whilst emphasizing opportunities for added value and knowledge through annotation and continuing resource management771771
  Digital Curation – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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Digital currency is a form of currency that is available only in digital or electronic form. It is also called digital money, electronic money, electronic currency, or cybercash772772
  Digital currency – Text: electronic. – www.investopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/digital-currency.asp


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Digital Customer Experience is the sum of encounters experienced by the customer in various digital media. See also Customer experience773773
  Digital Customer Experience – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


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Digital Divide is a term that refers to the gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology (ICT), and those that don’t or have restricted access. This technology can include the telephone, television, personal computers and internet connectivity. Digital divide is a concept that has become especially widespread in the last decade due to the increased importance of introducing new digital technologies in society and overcoming existing differences in the field of information and knowledge that hinder the development of basic economic and social infrastructures, in particular the energy sector, telecommunications and education774774
  Digital Divide – Text: electronic. – www.techtarget.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/digital-divide


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Digital Economy is the worldwide network of economic activities, commercial transactions and professional interactions that are enabled by information and communications technologies (ICT). It can be succinctly summed up as the economy based on digital technologies. The digital economy is an economic activity in which digital data is a key factor in production, the processing of large volumes and the use of the analysis results of which, compared with traditional forms of management, can significantly increase the efficiency of various types of production, technologies, equipment, storage, sale, delivery of goods and services775775
  Digital Economy – Text: electronic. – www.techtarget.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/digital-economy


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Digital ecosystem is a group of interconnected information technology resources that can function as a unit. Digital ecosystems are made up of suppliers, customers, trading partners, applications, third-party data service providers and all respective technologies. Digital Ecosystem is an integrated information technology resource made up of suppliers, customers, trading partners, applications, third-party data service providers and all respective technologies with Interoperability being the key to its success776776
  Digital ecosystem – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/digital-ecosystem


[Закрыть],777777
  Digital ecosystem – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/organizational-knowledge-of-digital-economy-in-transformation-in-big-data-and-in-internet-of-things/64613


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Digital educational environment is an open set of information systems designed to support various tasks of the educational process. The word «open» means the ability and the right to use different information systems as part of the DSP, replace them or add new ones at your own discretion.

Digital Entrepreneurship it is the branch of science or can even be placed within the administration and/or economics, which studies the specific characteristics of entrepreneurs in the current digital era778778
  Digital Entrepreneurship – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/the-role-of-the-entrepreneur-in-the-promotion-of-the-digital-economy/66593


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Digital ethics is a form of ethics that includes systems of values and moral principles of electronic interaction between people, organizations and things.

Digital Footprint refers to the presence of a company, an organization or an individual in the digital media. For example, blog marketing aims at growing the digital footprint of a company online. Digital Footprint the information left behind as a result of digital activities and communications stated on the Internet779779
  Digital Footprint – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


[Закрыть],780780
  Digital Footprint – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/digital-footprint/44373


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Digital goods is a general phrase used to describe any goods that are stored, delivered and used in its electronic format. Digital goods are shipped electronically to the consumer through email or download from the Internet781781
  Digital goods – Text: electronic. – www.webopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/digital-goods/


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Digital government services (also called e-government) are defined as service delivery within government – as well as between government and the public – using information and communication technologies782782
  Digital government services – Text: electronic. – //granicus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://granicus.com/dictionary/digital-government-services/


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Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more) digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased783783
  Digital image processing – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing


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Digital labor represents emergent forms of labor characterized by the production of value through interaction with information and communication technologies such as digital platforms or artificial intelligence784784
  Digital labor – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_labor


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Digital Literacy – the American Library Association’s (ALA) task force on Digital Literacy defines it as the ability to effectively use information and communication technologies to «find, understand, evaluate, create and communicate» information (ALA, 2013). In the context of this chapter, digital literacy is a key skill required to fully participate in technologically advanced communities785785
  Digital Literacy – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_literacy


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Digital Marketing means marketing that is carried out in digital media as opposed to so-called traditional marketing which focusses on media such as radio, television and newspapers. Digital marketing comprises all marketing taking place online, e-mail marketing, mobile marketing, keyword advertising, social media marketing and so on786786
  Digital Marketing – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


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Digital Maturity describes how holistically and efficiently an organization utilizes digital means in its core business. Improving digital maturity increases a company’s competitive advantage in its market. The Digital Business Maturity Model helps to roughly outline your starting situation, set goals that suit your strategy, and identify the means to raise the digital maturity level to meet those goals. The digital business maturity model also helps to distinguish between easily applicable actions and those that require profound change787787
  Digital Maturity – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


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Digital Multinational Enterprise is enterprises that perform activities primarily based on Internet and/or provide the enabling infrastructure supporting the Internet in more than one country788788
  Digital Multinational Enterprise – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/the-digital-economy-in-the-context-of-foreign-direct-investment-flows/92690


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Digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique persistent identifier for a published digital object, such as an article or a study. DOIs are included in ICPSR citations to data collections. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique, persistent identifying number for a document published online. It appears on a document or in a bibliographic citation as an alphanumeric string of characters that that acts as an active link to the original digital object (journal article, report, etc.). Its purpose is to be a permanent, precise identifier for an individual document, regardless of its location on the Internet; a document retains its DOI even if its URL location changes. A publisher assigns a DOI to an article when it is published and becomes accessible online789789
  Digital object identifier – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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  Digital object identifier – Text: electronic. – www. techopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5226/digital-object-identifier-doi


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Digital platform – a group of technologies that are used as a basis for creating a specific and specialized system of digital interaction.

Digital Platform is an Internet-based software solution that brings the operators of a certain area together to form one single value network. A digital platform can be figuratively described as the heart of a platform economy operator. The central element of a digital platform is a well-documented and comprehensive API, through which the platform can receive data from or send data to the operators of the value network (or the platform databanks). APIs enable the linking together of several different digital platforms791791
  Digital Platform – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#D


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Digital platform of the Institute of the Commissioner for Human Rights is a set of information technologies and systems that are used as the basis for the collection, processing, storage, exchange, statistical and predictive analysis of large structured and unstructured data on violations and measures taken to protect rights based on big data technologies, artificial intelligence, differential privacy and ensuring the creation and functioning of a specialized digital ecosystem for the protection of rights and freedoms. The term was first introduced by Alexander Chesalov in his book Digital Ecosystem of the Ombudsman Institute: Concept, Technologies, Practice (2021).

Digital platforms operator is an entity or person offering an online communication service to the public based on computer algorithms used to classify content, goods, or services offered online, or the connection of several parties for the sale of goods, the provision of a service, or the exchange or sharing of content, goods, and services792792
  Digital platforms operator – Text: electronic. – www.canada.ca (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/gst-hst-businesses/digital-economy.html


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Digital Preservation is a term that encompasses all of the activities required to ensure that the digital content designated for long-term preservation is maintained in usable formats, for as long as access to that content is needed or desired, and can be made available in meaningful ways to current and future users793793
  Digital Preservation – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#D


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Digital rights is are the rights of individuals as it pertains to computer access and the ability to use, create and publish digital media. Digital rights can also refer to allowed permissions for fair use of digital copyrighted materials. Digital rights are extensions of human rights like freedom of expression and the right to privacy. The extent to which digital rights are recognized varies from country to country, but Internet access is a recognized right in several countries794794
  Digital rights – Text: electronic. – www.techtarget.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/digital-rights


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Digital rights management (DRM) is the use of technology to control and manage access to copyrighted material. Another DRM meaning is taking control of digital content away from the person who possesses it and handing it to a computer program. DRM aims to protect the copyright holder’s rights and prevents content from unauthorized distribution and modification795795
  Digital rights management (DRM) – Text: electronic. – www.fortinet.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/digital-rights-management-drm


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Digital Service Environment is any environment where online activity takes place, without confrontation796796
  Digital Service Environment – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/a-new-digital-service-tax-for-the-transformation-of-the-taxation-architecture-in-turkey/97820


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Digital Services is all activities carried out in digital services environment or services offered by digital companies797797
  Digital Services – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/a-new-digital-service-tax-for-the-transformation-of-the-taxation-architecture-in-turkey/82135


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Digital Services Tax is a tax on income from certain digital services or the taxation of income from the provision of certain digital services resulting from user value creation798798
  Digital Services Tax – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/a-new-digital-service-tax-for-the-transformation-of-the-taxation-architecture-in-turkey/82135


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Digital Single Market defines the European Commission’s strategy for the best possible access to the online world for individuals and businesses799799
  Digital Single Market – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/digital-single-market/76993


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Digital skills are broadly defined as the skills needed to «use digital devices, communication applications, and networks to access and manage information,» from basic online searching and emailing to specialist programming and development. Digital skills these are abilities required to use digital technologies800800
  Digital skills – Text: electronic. – //digitalskills.unlv.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://digitalskills.unlv.edu/digital-marketing/what-are-digital-skills


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  Digital skills – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/digital-skills/7710


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Digital Social Innovation (DSI) is innovation that uses digital technologies to enable or help carry out social innovations802802
  Digital Social Innovation (DSI) – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/emerging-digital-social-innovation-in-youth-work-practice/251644


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Digital society (Global information society) is a new world knowledge society that exists and interacts, and is also closely integrated into a fundamentally and qualitatively new digital social, economic and cultural ecosystem, in which the free exchange of information and knowledge is implemented using artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, which are additional interfaces for the interaction of people and machines (computers, robots, wearable devices, etc.).

Digital sovereignty is a key idea in the internet age – the idea that parties must have sovereignty over their own digital data. This can be applied on an individual basis or toward nations – the bottom line is that digital sovereignty involves consideration of how data and digital assets are treated803803
  Digital sovereignty – Text: electronic. – www. techopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/33887/digital-sovereignty


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