Текст книги "Глоссариум по цифровой экономике. 1500 терминов и определений"

Internet Marketing comprises all marketing that takes place on the Internet. The term is related to and can even be considered synonymous to digital marketing920920
  Internet Marketing – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#I


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Internet of Things or IOT refers to the linking together of physical objects, services, systems, software and even people over the Internet. This network-like entity can be controlled, measured and monitored via the Internet. Internet of Things (IoT) the interconnection via the internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data. According to the Oxford Dictionary, IoT is «the interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data». The University of Cambridge provides a similar definition: «objects with computing devices in them that are able to connect to each other and exchange data using the internet»921921
  Internet Of Things Or IOT – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#I


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  Internet Of Things Or IOT – Text: electronic. – //grinn-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://grinn-global.com/news-blog/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-iot/


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Internet Site – a set of programs for electronic computers and other information contained in the information system, access to which is provided through the information and telecommunication network «Internet» by domain names and (or) by network addresses that allow you to identify sites on the network «Internet».

Internet site owner (The owner of the site on the Internet) — a person who independently and at his own discretion determines the procedure for using the website on the Internet, including the procedure for posting information on such a website.

Interoperability is the ability to exchange and make use of information. Open standards and common data formats contribute to and enable interoperability. Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system to work with other products or systems. While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader definition takes into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system-to-system performance. Types of interoperability include syntactic interoperability, where two systems can communicate with each other, and cross-domain interoperability, where multiple organizations work together and exchange information923923
  Interoperability – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#I


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  Interoperability – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoperability


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Intranet is a private network contained within an enterprise that is used to securely share company information and computing resources among employees. An intranet can also be used for working in groups and teleconferences925925
  Intranet – Text: electronic. – www.techtarget.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/intranet


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Inward investment involves an external or foreign entity either investing in or purchasing the goods of a local economy. It is foreign money that comes into the domestic economy. Inward investment stands in contrast to outward investment, which is an outflow of investment capital from local entities to foreign economies926926
  Inward investment – Text: electronic. – www.investopedia.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inward-investment.asp


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ISV (independent software vendor) makes and sells software products that run on one or more computer hardware or operating system (OS) platforms. ISVs typically provide software in conjunction with a hardware, software or cloud platform provider. In the case of hardware, a software producer builds software to run on a particular vendor or vendors’ hardware platform and the OSes the platform supports. An ISV may also incorporate software from a software platform provider into its offering by embedding database technology from Microsoft or Oracle, for example927927
  ISV (independent software vendor) – Text: electronic. – www.techtarget.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.techtarget.com/searchitchannel/definition/ISV


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«J»

Java servlet is technology that provides Web developers with a simple, consistent mechanism for extending the functionality of a Web server and for accessing existing business systems. A servlet can be thought of as an applet that runs on the server side – without a face928928
  Java servlet – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#J


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«K»

KAI is a conversational AI platform powering virtual assistants and smart bots across mobile, messaging, and wearables. Built with industry-specific domain expertise, KAI powered Bots and virtual assistants are well-versed in any form of business whether it’s finance, commerce, or any other industry. KAI do not require coding. KAI includes a deep-learning analytical toolset for data collection and analysis, model training, testing, and deployment. Built from the ground up, KAI’s agile development environment includes an easy-to-integrate API.

Keras library is an open-source software library that provides a Python interface for artificial neural networks. Keras acts as an interface for the Microsoft Cognitive toolkit, Theano or TensorFlow library.

Knowledge Economy is the highest stage in post-industrial and innovative economy development characterized by a vast information spread and knowledge society development929929
  Knowledge Economy – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/indigenous-knowledges-and-knowledge-codification-in-the-knowledge-economy/16327#:~:text=An%20economy%20characterized%20by%20the,%2C%20share%2C%20and%20apply%20knowledge.


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Knowledge graphs are data structures representing knowledge about the real world, including entities (people, companies, digital assets, etc.) and their relationships, which adhere to the graph data model – a network of nodes (vertices) and connections (edges/arcs).

Knowledge is the result of cognition of reality, verified by practice and certified by logic, reflected in the human mind in the form of ideas, concepts, reasoning and theories. Knowledge is formed as a result of a purposeful pedagogical process, self-education and life experience.

Knowledge representation is the field of artificial intelligence dedicated to representing information about the world in a form that a computer system can use to solve complex tasks such as diagnosing a medical condition or having a dialog in a natural language. Knowledge representation incorporates findings from psychology about how humans solve problems and represent knowledge in order to design formalisms that will make complex systems easier to design and build. Knowledge representation and reasoning also incorporates findings from logic to automate various kinds of reasoning, such as the application of rules or the relations of sets and subsets930930
  .Knowledge representation – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org. (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning


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Knowledge society is a society in which the acquisition, preservation, production and dissemination of reliable information, taking into account the strategic national priorities of the Russian Federation, is of paramount importance for the development of the citizen, the economy and the state.

Knowledge-Based is link between knowledge and skills needed to be successful in the workplace931931
  Knowledge-Based – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/knowledge-based/16494


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«L»

Landing Page (also called a destination page) is the page to which the visitor is taken once they click an ad within a search engine or on a social media service, for instance. In other words, the landing page is a purposefully designed page to which a user is directed. The design of a landing page involves several best practices, the implementation of which will potentially enhance the conversion rate which began from the advert932932
  Landing Page – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#L


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LightGBM is short for Light Gradient Boosting Machine. Developed by Microsoft and released in 2016, it is an open source platform that is used to develop predictive models for machine learning programs. The framework creates decision models in the form of decision trees. LightGBM uses a histogram-based algorithm that speeds up learning while reducing memory usage. The decision tree grows across the leaves, which increases the accuracy of the results achieved by the models. In addition to this, LightGBM also provides several parallel learning algorithms and simple histogram plotting for sparse features.

Line often used synonymously with physical record. Thus, it means the same as card in a card-image data file, and it means the same as logical record length in data files that have a logical record length format. In general, a «line» in data file terminology refers to a physical unit of data that the computer reads and processes, one at a time. In DOS and UNIX environments, most statistical software expects «lines» to end with a newline character, but most statistical software can be configured to read a specific number of bytes as a «line» regardless of the presence or absence of a newline character933933
  Line – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#L


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Local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected together in one physical location, such as a building, office, or home. A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a home network with one user to an enterprise network with thousands of users and devices in an office or school. Regardless of size, a LAN’s single defining characteristic is that it connects devices that are in a single, limited area. In contrast, a wide area network (WAN) or metropolitan area network (MAN) covers larger geographic areas. Some WANs and MANs connect many LANs together934934
  Local area network (LAN) – Text: electronic. – www.cisco.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/switches/what-is-a-lan-local-area-network.html


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Local device – devices that are part of a network that covers a relatively small area or a small group of buildings.

Local server – hosting that works with the help of programs that emulate it on a personal computer.

Logic programming – a type of programming paradigm which is largely based on formal logic. Any program written in a logic programming language is a set of sentences in logical form, expressing facts and rules about some problem domain. Major logic programming language families include Prolog, answer set programming (ASP), and Datalog.

Logical record is all the data for a given unit of analysis. It is distinguished from a physical record because it may take several physical records to store all the data for a given unit of analysis. For instance, in card image data, a «card» is a physical record and it usually takes several «cards» to store all the information for a single case or unit of analysis935935
  Logical record – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#L


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Logical record length abbreviated «LRECL». Is a file storage format in which the length of a logical record is equal to the length of a physical record (which is constant). Thus, when the data for each case or unit of analysis are stored in a single physical record, the file structure is called «logical record length.» Typically, logical record length format is more space-efficient than card image. The length, in bytes (i.e., columns), of a logical and physical record in a logical record length-formatted file936936
  Logical record length – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#L


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Logistics 4.0 it is a strategic technological direction that integrates different types of technologies to increase both the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain, shifting the focus of the organizations to value chains, maximizing the value delivered to the consumers as well as the customers, by raising the levels of competitiveness, transparency, and decentralization among the different parties through digitalization937937
  Logistics 4.0 – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/logistics-40/102803


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Long Tail means the varied but low-volume portion of a product range. The Internet has made it possible to make a profit out of selling long-tail products. The concept was introduced by Chris Anderson in 2004938938
  Long Tail – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#L


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Longitudinal study in survey research, is a study in which the same group of individuals is interviewed at intervals over a period of time. See also panel study. Note that some cross-sectional studies are done regularly. For instance, the General Social Survey and the Current Population Survey: Annual Demographic File are conducted once a year, but different individuals are surveyed each time. Such a study is not a true longitudinal study. An example of a longitudinal study is the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience, in which the same individuals have been followed over time939939
  Longitudinal study – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#L


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«M»

MACH Architecture refers to a set of technologies that are used to create applications based on, among other things, the principles of composable business or composable commerce940940
  MACH Architecture – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#M


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Machine learning algorithms are pieces of code that help users explore and analyze complex datasets and find meaning or patterns in them. Each algorithm is a finite set of unambiguous step-by-step instructions that a computer can follow to achieve a specific goal. In a machine learning model, the goal is to establish or discover patterns by which users can make predictions or classify information. Machine learning algorithms use parameters based on training data (a subset of data that represents a larger set). By expanding the training data to represent the world more realistically, the algorithm calculates more accurate results. Different algorithms use different ways of analyzing data. They are often grouped into machine learning methods that use supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. The most popular algorithms use regression and classification to predict target categories, find unusual data points, predict values, and detect similarities941941
  .Алгоритмы машинного обучения – Text: electronic. – //azure.microsoft.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://azure.microsoft.com/ru-ru/overview/machine-learning-algorithms/#overview


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Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy942942
  Machine learning – Text: electronic. – www.ibm.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL:https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/machine-learning


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Machine Translation (MT) or automated translation is a process when a computer software translates text from one language to another without human involvement943943
  Machine Translation (MT) – Text: electronic. – www.memoq.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL:https://www.memoq.com/tools/what-is-machine-translation


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Margin of error is a measurement of the accuracy of the results of a survey. Example: A margin of error of plus or minus 3.5% means that there is a 95% chance that the responses of the target population as a whole would fall somewhere between 3.5% more or 3.5% less than the responses of the sample (a 7% spread)944944
  Margin of error – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#M


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Market research is an organized effort to gather information about target markets and customers: know about them, starting with who they are. It is an important component of business strategy and a major factor in maintaining competitiveness. Market research helps to identify and analyze the needs of the market, the market size and the competition. Its techniques encompass both qualitative techniques such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, and ethnography, as well as quantitative techniques such as customer surveys, and analysis of secondary data. It includes social and opinion research, and is the systematic gathering and interpretation of information about individuals or organizations using statistical and analytical methods and techniques of the applied social sciences to gain insight or support decision making945945
  Market research – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_research


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Markov model is a statistical model that simulates the operation of a process similar to a Markov process with unknown parameters, the task of which is to determine unknown parameters based on observed data.

Markov process is a random process whose evolution after any given value of the time parameter t does not depend on the evolution that preceded t, for fixed process parameters946946
  .Марковский процесс – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org. (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL:https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81


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Markup is the characters and codes that change a text document into an XML or other Markup Language document. This includes the <and> characters as well as the elements and attributes of a document. Markup is the processing of a training sample to assign properties to objects in it, the recognition of which the algorithm is trained to recognize947947
  Markup – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#M


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Mass communication (or communications) can be defined as the process of creating, sending, receiving, and analyzing messages to large audiences via verbal and written media. It is an expansive field that considers not only how and why a message is created, but also the medium through which it is sent. These mediums are wide-ranging, and include print, digital media and the Internet, social media, radio, and television948948
  Mass communication – Text: electronic. – www.mastersincommunications.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.mastersincommunications.com/faqs/what-is-mass-communication


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Matplotlib library is a comprehensive, popular open source Python library for creating «publication quality» visualizations. Visualizations can be static, animated or interactive. It was emulated from MATLAB and thus contains global styles very similar to MATLAB, including the object hierarchy.

Measures of the digital transformation program carried out by a state body – a set of actions of a state body united by a single goal, including informatization measures aimed at fulfilling the tasks of optimizing the administrative processes for the provision of public services and (or) the performance of public functions, creation, development, commissioning, operation or decommissioning of information systems or components of information and communication technologies, legal support of these processes or other tasks solved as part of digital transformation.

Metadata a term that refers to structured data about data. Metadata is an old concept (e.g., card catalogs and indexes), but metadata is often essential for digital content to be useful and meaningful. Metadata can capture general or specific information about digital content that may define administrative, technical, or structural characteristics of the digital content. «Preservation metadata» is the term for a broader set of metadata that documents the lifecycle of digital content from creation through processing, storage, preservation, and use over time. Preservation metadata is required at the aggregate (e.g., collection and study level) and at the item (e.g., file and variable) level. All preservation actions that are applied to digital content over time should be captured in preservation metadata, for example. The Preservation Metadata Implementation Strategies (PREMIS) data dictionary is a digital preservation community development that is moving towards being a standard. There are additional format-specific (e.g., NISO Still Image data dictionary) and other standards that define additional metadata for preservation. ICPSR prepares a metadata record for each data collection, and we present a searchable database of metadata records on our public website. ICPSR has defined a set of file-level metadata elements for preservation. The process improvement initiative at ICPSR includes the identification of metadata at each stage of the pipeline949949
  Metadata – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#M


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Meta-Digital Accounting is a highly abstract and general concept regarding the level that accounting will reach in the next stage of digital economy950950
  Meta-Digital Accounting – Text: electronic. – www.igi-global.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/meta-digital-accounting-in-the-context-of-cloud-computing/41324


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Meya Bot Studio is a fully fledged web-based IDE. The studio contains everything the company need to make amazing bots including a flow & code editor, test chat and live debugging. It Write flows in the simple Bot Flow Markup Language (BFML), Use built-in components, write user’s own components in Python or Node. js, Test and debug in real-time, visualize company flow, easily connect intents to flows and Commit code to GitHub. Users of Meya will be able to enhance their bot by connecting it to an expansive ecosystem of integrations.

Microdata is are files that contain information about individuals rather than aggregate data. The U.S. Census Bureau’s «Summary Files» contain aggregate data and consist of totals of individuals with various specified attributes in a particular geographic area. They are, in a sense, tables of totals. The Bureau’s PUMS (Public Use Microdata Sample) files, however, contain the data from the original census survey instrument with certain information removed to protect the anonymity of the respondent951951
  Microdata – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#M


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Microprocessor design tools – computer-aided design systems for microprocessors are distinguished by the possibility of not only creating a processor architecture, but also the ability to build and debug the logic of electronic devices using machine-oriented languages.

Microsoft Azure Machine Learning (Artificial Intelligence Automation Platform) offers cloud based advanced analytics designed to simplify machine learning for business. Business users can model their way, with best-in-class algorithms from Xbox, Bing, R or Python packages, or by dropping in custom R or Python code. The finished model can then be deployed in minutes as a web service, which can connect to any data, anywhere. It can also be published out to the community in the product Gallery or into the Machine Learning Marketplace. In Machine Learning Marketplace the application programming interfaces (APIs) and finished services are available.

MindMeld (Artificial Intelligence Platform) provides a Deep-Domain Conversational AI to Power the Next Generation of Voice and Chat Assistants.

Missing data is values are assigned when the information being collected is missing, which can happen for several reasons – among them, the respondent refused to answer or the question was inapplicable for that particular respondent because of previous responses952952
  Missing data – Text: electronic. – www.umich.edu (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#M


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Mixed reality (MR) is a user environment in which physical reality and digital content are combined in a way that enables interaction with and among real-world and virtual objects. Unlike virtual reality (VR) which immerses the end user in a completely digital environment, or augmented reality (AR) which layers digital content on top of a physical environment, mixed reality blends digital and real world settings. Mixed reality is sometimes considered a type of augmented reality (AR), but its capacity for interactivity between real-world and digital elements places it further along the virtuality continuum, which has physical reality at one extreme and immersive virtual reality at the other953953
  Mixed reality (MR) – Text: electronic. – www.techtarget.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL:https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/mixed-reality


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MLOps (Machine Learning Operations) is a set of procedures designed to consistently and efficiently implement and maintain machine learning (ML) models used in manufacturing. The word itself is a combination of «Machine Learning» and «DevOps» continuous development process in software. Machine learning models are evaluated and improved in isolated experimental systems. When the algorithms are ready to run, MLOps is practiced by Data Scientists – data scientists, DevOps and machine learning engineers to implement the algorithm in production systems MLOps tools and features are used to develop machine learning (ML) models MLOps tools include actual ML model coding, testing, training, validation and retraining. data scientists are responsible for developing the model, working closely with the DataOps and Data Analytics teams to determine the correct data and datasets for the model Data scientists are usually associated with a line of business and tend to focus on the goals of that particular business unit or particular project.MLOps helps data scientists quickly experiment and deploy machine learning models as they process data. This is a feature of mature and emerging data processing platforms such as Amazon Sagemaker, Domino Data Lab, and DataRobot954954
  .Реализация моделей машинного обучения – Text: electronic. – //habr.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL:https://habr.com/ru/company/otus/blog/653921/


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  .Реализация моделей машинного обучения – Text: electronic. – www.modelop.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.modelop.com/blog/mlops-and-modelops-whats-the-difference-and-why-it-matters/


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Mobile First refers to a design method, whereby an online service is designed and built primarily for mobile users and only secondarily for desktop users. This change in paradigm is the result of the enormous increase in mobile devices and mobile use in the 2000s, which forced the rethinking of traditional desktop-centered service design956956
  Mobile First – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#M


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Mobile healthcare (mHealth) is a range of mobile technologies, systems, services and applications installed on mobile devices and used for medical purposes and to ensure a healthy lifestyle and motivate people to a healthy lifestyle and the formation of a new «digital» culture of health.

Mobile technology is the technology used for cellular communication. Mobile technology has evolved rapidly over the past few years. Since the start of this millennium, a standard mobile device has gone from being no more than a simple two-way pager to being a mobile phone, GPS navigation device, an embedded web browser and instant messaging client, and a handheld gaming console. Many experts believe that the future of computer technology rests in mobile computing with wireless networking957957
  Mobile technology – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_technology


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Mobility of intangibles both development and exploitation of intangible assets are key feature of the digital economy. This investment in and development of intangibles such as software is a core contributor to value creation and economic growth for companies in the digital economy. In early 2000, companies started substantially increasing the amount of capital allocated to intangibles such as branding, design and, technology rather than in hardware, machinery or property958958
  Mobility of intangibles – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_economy


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Model training – tunes the parameters of the neural network model to work properly with the given data.

ModelOps (model operations), as defined by Gartner, «is focused primarily on the governance and life cycle management of a wide range of operationalized artificial intelligence (AI) and decision models, including machine learning, knowledge graphs, rules, optimization, linguistic and agent-based models». «ModelOps lies at the heart of any enterprise AI strategy». It orchestrates the model life cycles of all models in production across the entire enterprise, from putting a model into production, then evaluating and updating the resulting application according to a set of governance rules, including both technical and business key performance indicators. It grants business domain experts the capability to evaluate AI models in production, independent of data scientists. ModelOps incorporates MLOps, which is the process of managing ML models throughout their lifecycle at an enterprise scale. ModelOps is considered as a superset of MLOps, which refers to the processes involved to operationalize and manage AI models in use in production systems. The advantage of ModelOps over MLOps is that MLOps focuses on the machine learning models only, whereas ModelOps is focused to operationalize all AI models959959
  .ModelOps – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org. (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ModelOps


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  .ModelOps – Text: electronic. – //vitalflux.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://vitalflux.com/differences-between-mlops-modelops-aiops-dataops/


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  .Операции с моделями – Text: electronic. – //habr.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://habr.com/ru/company/sas/blog/596655/


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Moore’s Law is an empirical observation originally made by Gordon Moore that the number of transistors placed on an integrated circuit chip doubles every 24 months.

Motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board, mb, mboard, backplane board, base board, system board, logic board (only in Apple PCs) or mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually contains significant sub-systems, such as the central processor, the chipset’s input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general use962962
  Motherboard – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard


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Multidimensional system or m-D system is a system in which not only one independent variable exists (like time), but there are several independent variables963963
  Multidimensional system – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidimensional_system


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Multi-experience development platform is a product or suite of products that offers professional developers an integrated set of front-end development tools and back-end services that enable scalable development of fit-for-purpose apps across digital touchpoints – including custom mobile apps, responsive web and PWAs, immersive, and conversational app support964964
  .Multi-experience development platform – Text: electronic. – www.gartner.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.gartner.com/reviews/market/multiexperience-development-platforms


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Multiexperience is the process of replacing people who understand technology with technology that understands people. Multi-experience is part of a long-term transition from the individual computers we use today to multi-user, multi-sensor, and multi-location systems.

Multi-sided market. The Digital market can be labeled a «multi-sided’ market. The notion developed by French Nobel prize laureate Jean Tirole is based on the idea that platforms are «two-sided». This can explain why some platforms can offer free content, with customers on one side and the software developers or advertisers on the other. On a market where multiple groups of persons interact through platforms as intermediaries, the decisions of each group affect the outcome of the other group of persons through a positive or negative externality. When the users spend time on a page or click on links, this creates a positive externality for the advertiser displaying a banner there. The digital Multinational enterprises (MNEs) do not collect revenue from the user side but from the advertiser side, thanks to the sale of online advertisement965965
  Multi-sided market – Text: electronic. – //en.wikipedia.org (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-sided_market#cite_note-:0-1


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MVP Minimum Viable Product is a new product that has the minimum number of features but is able to provide maximum amount of customer feedback. The objective of an MVP is not necessarily to build a new product or even a prototype but a version that can be used to test the so-called market compatibility of a product. MVP doesn’t even need be a working piece of software. It can just as well be a web-format wireframe model or a video as long as it sufficiently well demonstrates how the product operates. However, in online service development MVP is commonly understood as the first published version of a working piece of software966966
  MVP Minimum Viable Product – Text: electronic. – www.sofokus.com (date of request: 07.07.2022) URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#M


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