Текст книги "Помощь детям, пострадавшим от насилия. Интегративный подход"

В конечном итоге Николь сосредоточилась на более подходящих для ее возраста темах и проблемах, таких как новые друзья и школа. Николь достигла намеченных в лечении целей: спустя 18 месяцев она успешно завершила терапию и была удочерена своими приемными родителями. С тех пор прошло 2 года, и ее приемные родители сообщили, что у нее по-прежнему все прекрасно. Она преуспевает в школе и дома, и у нее много друзей.

Выводы

Николь была 4-летней девочкой с длинной историей физического, эмоционального и сексуализированного насилия. Первые годы жизни ее окружала хаотичная обстановка, в которой не было ни последовательности, ни границ. Затем ее поместили в приемную семью, где она с трудом приспосабливалась к новым условиям.

После проведения клинического обследования стало ясно, что Николь требовалась постоянная индивидуальная терапия, которая помогла бы ей обрести чувство контроля над своей жизнью. Она успешно прошла 18-месячную терапию и достигла всех ее целей.

Первый этап лечения состоял в создании безопасной обстановки для Николь – как в терапевтическом кабинете, так и за его пределами. Пожалуй, это была самая значимая часть лечения, требовавшая участия и сотрудничества всех людей, игравших в ее жизни важную роль. Без этой основы она не смогла бы перейти к более сложным задачам – обработке чувств по отношению к своей биологической семье и пережитому насилию. Кроме того, четкая структура жизни и последовательность в поведении приемных родителей также помогли Николь стабилизировать настроение. Чем более предсказуемым становилось ее окружение, тем больше она доверяла ему и тем в большей безопасности себя чувствовала.

Более поздний этап лечения был посвящен обработке ее чувств по отношению к биологической семье и насилию. Недирективная игровая терапия позволила ей работать в собственном темпе и почувствовать контроль в процессе терапии. Постепенно она осознавала свои чувства и искала способы с ними справиться. В конечном счете она обрела чувство контроля и независимости и превратилась в жизнерадостного ребенка, который рос и развивался в безопасной и чуткой среде.

Послесловие

Написание этой книги помогло мне осознать и сформулировать способы помощи травмированным детям, пострадавшим от насилия. В процессе работы над ней я поняла, сколь многому я научилась у коллег, из их работ и лекций – и, что еще важнее, у самих детей и членов их семей, с которыми я встречалась на протяжении многих лет и которые (порой с неохотой) впускали меня в свою жизнь.

Я не считаю себя экспертом, у которого есть ответы на все вопросы, – скорее исследователем, который уже освоил несколько тропинок, но которому еще многому нужно научиться – ведь тропинок в мире очень много! Я всегда полагаюсь на свою интуицию, свой опыт и образование, а также на то, что я называю внутренними ресурсами моих пациентов, к которым они получают доступ и которые используют удивительными и творческими способами. Я считаю, что моя главная задача заключается в том, чтобы продолжить создавать безопасную среду; быть терпеливой; слышать то, что не произносится вслух; видеть то, что не показывается явно; расшифровывать симптоматическое поведение и не забывать, что такое поведение может в чем-то помогать ребенку.

Когда эта книга вышла в свет, мне исполнилось 58 лет. И сейчас, оглядываясь назад, я вижу, что последние 33 года своей профессиональной жизни я посвятила помощи детям, пережившим насилие. Я горжусь этим и благодарна людям за их признание и то внимание, которое я получаю, когда выступаю, пишу и преподаю. Я также горжусь своим неизменным стремлением учиться и тем, что никогда не довольствуюсь достигнутым. Я по-прежнему открыта для новых идей и буду и дальше внедрять полезные подходы в свою работу.

Одним из моих самых больших достижений на сегодняшний день стало обучение профессии арт-терапевта. Я усердно работала, чтобы этого достичь, и это было одним из лучших профессиональных и личных решений, которые я приняла. На этом пути я встретила потрясающих наставников, учителей и супервизоров – в первую очередь Кэрол Кокс, Барбару Соболь, Бэрри Коэна, Кэти Малкиоди и Одри ди Марию, – я безмерно благодарна им за мудрость, энтузиазм и способность ясно мыслить. Я думаю, что именно Барбара Соболь впервые обучила меня технике «контрпереносных рисунков», в которой терапевт ручкой (а в идеале – мелками) рисует на бумаге, выражая чувства и мысли по поводу клиента или конкретного сеанса. Эта техника очень раскрепощает, поскольку цвета, формы, линии и даже слова сами собой изливаются на бумагу. Я с большим удовольствием изучала эту технику и до сих пор считаю ее чрезвычайно важной и полезной.

Сейчас прекрасное время для того, чтобы стать профессионалом в области помощи травмированным детям. Талантливые специалисты и исследователи проделывают потрясающую работу, и нам еще многому предстоит научиться. Никогда прежде не было такого количества заинтересованных и полных энтузиазма профессионалов, которые продвигали бы теории и подходы для помощи пострадавшим детям. У каждого подхода есть свои достоинства, и научные исследования все больше это подтверждают. Я собираюсь и дальше продолжать наблюдать, изучать и учиться, чтобы как можно лучше помогать своим пациентам.

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