Текст книги "Остеопороз под контролем. 12-недельный протокол лечения и профилактики заболеваний костей"

54 Таблица 2.1: поддерживая функцию: Stachowicz M et al., “The effect of diet components on the level of cortisol.” European Food Research and Technology 242, no. 12 (2016):2001–9.

54 Таблица 2.1: Недостаток B6 вызывает дисбаланс: Sasaki S et al., “Association between current nutrient intakes and bone mineral density at calcaneus in preand postmenopausal Japanese women.” Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 47 (2001):289–94.

54 Таблица 2.1: Повышенное содержание B6 в пище: Yazdanpanah N et al., “Effect of dietary B vitamins on BMD and risk of fracture in elderly men and women: the Rotterdam Study.” Bone 41 (2007):987–94.

54 Таблица 2.1: Недостаток витамина B7 (биотина) влияет на статус ИФР-1: Báez-Saldaña A et al., “Biotin deficiency in mice is associated with decreased serum availability of insulin-like growth factor-I.” European Journal of Nutrition 48 (2009):137–44.

54 Таблица 2.1: активность была обнаружена: Sasaki S et al., “Association between current nutrient intakes and bone mineral density at calcaneus in pre– and postmenopausal Japanese women.” Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (Tokyo) 47 (2001):289–94.

54 Таблица 2.1: Пищевой фолат – значимый показатель: RejnmarkL et al., “Dietary intake of folate, but not vitamin B2 or B12, is associated with increased bone mineral density 5 years after the menopause: Results from a 10-year follow-up study in early postmenopausal women.” Calcified Tissue International 82 (2008):1–11.

55 Таблица 2.1: доказал свою защитную роль: Carmel R et al., “Cobalamin and osteoblast-specific proteins.” NEJM 319, no. 2 (1988):70–5. See also Dai Z et al., “B-vitamins and bone health – a review of the current evidence.” Nutrients 7, no. 5 (2015):3322–46.

55 Таблица 2.1: Большое количество витамина C: Kim MH et al., “Osteoporosis, vitamin C intake, and physical activity in Korean adults aged 50 years and over.” Journal of Physical Therapy Science 28, no. 3 (2016):725–30.

55 Таблица 2.1: Люди с низким уровнем витамина D: Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al., “Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” JAMA 293, no. 18 (2005):2257–64.

55 Таблица 2.1: добавки витамина D: Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al., “Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” JAMA 293, no. 18 (2005):2257–64.

55 Таблица 2.1: может предотвратить разрушение: Chin KY et al., “The biological effects of tocotrienol on bone: a review on evidence from rodent models.” Drug Design, Development and Therapy 9 (2015):2049–61. См. также Clinical Education. clinicaleducation.org/news/building-bone-the-novel-role-of-tocotrienols.

55 Таблица 2.1: Дефицит другой формы витамина E: Michaelsson K et al., “Intake and serum concentrations of a-tocopherol in relation to fractures in elderly women and men: 2 cohort studies.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 99, no. 1 (January 2014):107–14.

55 Таблица 2.1: Витамин K2 показал себя в исследованиях: Geleijnse JM et al., “Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study.” Journal of Nutrition 134, no. 11 (November 2004):3100–5.

55 Таблица 2.1: Витамин K2 также способствует: Kanellakis S et al., “Changes in parameters of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women following a 12-month intervention period using dairy products enriched with calcium, vitamin D, and phylloquinone (vitamin K1) or menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2): the Postmenopausal Health Study II.” Calcified Tissue International 90, no. 4 (April 2012):251–62.

56 Таблица 2.1: Испытуемые с самым низким уровнем холина: Øyen J et al., “Dietary choline intake is directly associated with bone mineral density in the Hordaland Health Study.” Journal of Nutrition 147, no. 4 (April 2017):572–8.

56 Таблица 2.1: Одно исследование обнаружило, что бор: Xu P et al., “[Therapeutic effect of dietary boron supplement on retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis in rats].” Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 26, no. 12 (December 2006):1785–8. [Статья на китайском.]

56 Таблица 2.1: Исследования определили это повышение МПКТ: Tai V et al., “Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis.” BMJ 351 (September 2015):h4183.

56 Таблица 2.1: снижает скорость резорбции костной ткани: McCarty MF, “Anabolic effects of insulin on bone suggest a role for chromium picolinate in preservation of bone density.” Medical Hypotheses 45, no. 3 (September 1995):241–6.

56 Таблица 2.1: Сниженный уровень меди: Mir E et al., “Adequate serum copper concentration could improve bone density, postpone bone loss and protect osteoporosis in women.” Iranian Journal of Public Health (A supplementary issue on Osteoporosis) 36, no. suppl. 1 (2007):24–9.

56 Таблица 2.1: дефицит йода часто наблюдается: Arslanca T et al., “Body iodine status in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.” Menopause 25, no. 3 (March 2018):320–3.

56 Таблица 2.1: Сниженный уровень железа: Toxqui L et al., “Chronic iron deficiency as an emerging risk factor for osteoporosis: a hypothesis.” Nutrients 7, no. 4 (April 2015):2324–44.

57 Таблица 2.1: Низкое потребление магния связано: Tucker KL et al., “Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, no. 4 (April 1999):727–36. См. также Orchard TS et al., “Magnesium intake, bone mineral density, and fractures: results from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 99, no. 4 (2014):926–33.

57 Таблица 2.1: Недостаток магния соотносится: Lyn P et al., “Comparative absorption of calcium sources and calcium citrate malate for the prevention of osteoporosis.” Alternative Medicine Review 4, no. 2 (April 1999):74–85.

57 Таблица 2.1: Высокое потребление фосфора не несет отрицательных эффектов: Lee AW et al., “Association between phosphorus intake and bone health in the NHANES population.” Nutrition Journal 14 (2015):28.

57 Таблица 2.1: Исследования показали, что уровень калия может снижаться: Lambert H et al., “The effect of supplementation with alkaline potassium salts on bone metabolism: a metaanalysis.” Osteoporosis International 26, no. 4 (April 2015):1311–8.

58 Таблица 2.1: исследователи отметили, что не менее 40 мг: Jugdaohsingh R et al., “Dietary silicon intake is positively associated with bone mineral density in men and premenopausal women of the Framingham Offspring cohort.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 19, no. 2 (February 2004):297–307.

58 Таблица 2.1: Другое исследование обнаружило, что люди: Schiano A et al., “[Silicon, bone tissue and immunity].” Revue du rhumatisme et des maladies ostéo-articulaires 46, no. 7–9 (July – September 1979):483–6. [Статья на французском.]

58 Таблица 2.1: Исследования показали, что недостаток селена: Moreno-Reyes R et al., “Selenium deficiency-induced growth retardation is associated with an impaired bone metabolism and osteopenia.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16 (2001):1556–63. См. также Cao JJ et al., “Selenium deficiency decreases antioxidative capacity and is detrimental to bone microarchitecture in mice.” Journal of Nutrition 142 (2012):1526–31.

58 Таблица 2.1: Низкий уровень сывороточного цинка связан с низкой МПКТ: Bekheirnia MR et al., “Serum zinc and its relation to bone mineral density in beta-thalassemic adolescents.” Biological Trace Element Research 97, no. 3 (March 2004):215–24.

Глава 3: Пусть пища будет тебе лекарством

72 Исследование, опубликованное в журнале «Исследования окружающей среды»: Oates L et al., “Reduction in urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolites in adults after a weeklong organic diet.” Environmental Research 132 (July 2014):105–11.

74 стевия на данный момент исследуется: Minoru S et al., United States Patent #6,500,471. December 31, 2002.

74 ксилит исследуется: Mattila PT et al., “Effects of a long-term dietary xylitol supplementation on collagen content and fluorescence of the skin in aged rats.” Gerontology 51, no. 3 (May – June 2005):166–9. См. также Sato H et al., “The effects of oral xylitol administration on bone density in rat femur.” Odontology 99, no. 1 (January 2011):28–33.

75 сахар составляет до 17 процентов мирового рациона: Credit Suisse Research Institute. “Sugar: consumption at a crossroads.” September 2013.

75 Сахар влияет и на витамин C: Chen L et al., “Hyperglycemia inhibits the uptake of dehydroascorbate in tubular epithelial cell.” American Journal of Nephrology 25, no. 5 (September – October 2005):459–65.

76 Исследователи Центра химических чувств Монелл: Tordoff MG, “Adrenalectomy decreases NaCl intake of rats fed low-calcium diets.” American Journal of Physiology 270, no. 1 (January 1996):R11–21.

77 его популярность выросла: Jensen HH et al., “U.S. sweetener consumption trends and dietary guidelines.” Iowa Ag Review Online 11, no. 1 (Winter 2005).

78 Недавние исследования на животных: Yarrow JF et al., “Fructose consumption does not worsen bone deficits resulting from high-fat feeding in young male rats.” Bone 85 (2016):99–106. См. также Krafsig LA, “The relationship between fructose and bone fragility.” LiveScience. September 7, 2012. livescience.com/23039-fructose-effects – calcium-absorption-nsf-bts.html.

79 вызванные питанием изменения: Weaver CM, “Diet, gut microbiome, and bone health.” Current Osteoporosis Reports 13, no. 2 (2015):125–30.

80 Вдобавок ученые обнаружили: Mahnam K et al., “A theoretical and experimental study of calcium, iron, zinc, cadmium, and sodium ions absorption by aspartame.” Journal of Biological Physics 43 (2017):87–103. См. также Nguyen UN, “Aspartame ingestion increases urinary calcium, but not oxalate excretion, in healthy subjects.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 83, no. 1 (January 1998):165–8.

81 Согласно исследованию Американского журнала клинической нутрициологии: Hallberg L et al., “Prediction of dietary iron absorption: an algorithm for calculating absorption and bioavailability of dietary iron.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, no. 5 (May 2000):1147–60.

81 Исследование пакистанских иммигрантов: M. R. Wills et al., “Phytic Acid and Nutritional Rickets in Immigrants.” Lancet 1, no. 7754 (April 1972):771–3.

82 целиакия мешает всасыванию микронутриентов: Pacheco GG et al., “Deficiencia de micronutrientes y enfermedad celíaca en pediatría.” Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria 112, no. 5 (2014):457–63. [Spanish.] См. также Kupper C, “Dietary guidelines and implementation for celiac disease.” Gastroenterology 128, no. 4, suppl. 1 (April 2005):S121–7.

82 Зонулин повреждает связи: S. Drago et al., “Gliadin, zonulin, and gut permeability: Effects on celiac and non-celiac intestinal mucosa and intestinal cell lines.” Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 41, no. 4 (April 2006):408–19.

83 Новое исследование: New York Presbyterian. nyp.org/pdf/newsletters/2016 – Advances-Winter-Endocrinology.pdf. См. также Ducy P et al., “Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass.” Cell 100, no. 2 (January 2000):197–207.

85 съесть кусочек цельнозернового хлеба: Atkinson FS et al., “International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2008.” Diabetes Care 31, no. 12 (December 2008):2281–3.

86 потребление более чем четырехсот дополнительных калорий: William Davis. Wheat Belly Total Health. Emmaus, PA: Rodale, 2014, 78. 71 Research shows that laboratory rats given MSG: Euroresidentes UK. “Scientists in Spain link additive to obesity.” euroresidentes.com/euroresiuk/news-spain /scientists-in-spain-link-additive-to.

88 Это значит, что они могут пересекаться: Konkel L, “What is glutamate?” Everyday Health. October 16, 2015. everydayhealth.com/glutamate/guide.

89 магний, хром и цинк – важные защитники: Blaylock R. Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills. Albuquerque, NM: Health Press, 1997.

9 °Cогласно статье 2010 года: Nagel, R, “Living with phytic acid.” Weston A. Price Foundation. March 26, 2010. westonaprice.org/food-features/living-with – phytic-acid.

91 Восемьдесят процентов камней в почках: Coe FL et al., “Kidney stone disease.” Journal of Clinical Investigation 115, no. 10 (2005):2598–608.

91 Исследование в Журнале сельскохозяйственной и пищевой химии: Chai W, “Effect of different cooking methods on vegetable oxalate content.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, no. 8 (2005):3027–30.

92 вызывает повышение: Goldstein IJ, ed. The Lectins. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1986, 529–52. См. также Shechter Y, “Bound lectins that mimic insulin produce persistent insulin-like activities.” Endocrinology 113, no. 6 (December 1983):1921–6.

93 Лектины присутствуют: Nachbar MS et al., “Lectins in the United States diet: a survey of lectins in commonly consumed foods and a review of the literature.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, no. 11 (November 1980):2338–45. См. также Ellgen P, The Lectin Avoidance Cookbook. Berkeley, CA: Ulysses Press, 2018, chap. 1.

94 в исследованиях, недостаток B6, B9 и B12: Dai Z et al., “B-vitamins and bone health – a review of the current evidence.” Nutrients 7, no. 5 (2015):3322–46. См. также Herrmann M et al., “Stimulation of osteoclast activity by low B-vitamin concentrations.” Bone 41 (2007):584–91.

94 Большинство исследований USDA: Daniel K, “Plants bite back.” Weston A. Price Foundation. March 29, 2010. westonaprice.org/health-topics/plants-bite-back.

94 когда исследователи нагрели батат: Kiran KS et al., “Inactivation of trypsin inhibitors in sweet potato and taro tubers during processing.” Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 58, no. 2 (Spring 2003):153–63.

95 Алкоголь воздействует на поджелудочную железу: Subramanian VS et al., “Uptake of ascorbic acid by pancreatic acinar cells is negatively impacted by chronic alcohol exposure.” American Journal of Physiology, Cell Physiology 311, no. 1 (July 2016):C129–35. См. также Davis JL, “Drink less for strong bones.” WebMD. webmd.com/osteoporosis /features/alcohol#1.

96 Недавнее исследование Орегонского университета: Marrone JA, “Moderate alcohol intake lowers biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women.” Menopause 19, no. 9 (September 2012):974–79.

96 Финские исследователи соглашаются: Sommer I et al., “Alcohol consumption and bone mineral density in elderly women.” Public Health Nursing 16, no. 4 (April 2013):704–12.

96 два гарвардских исследования: Camargo CA et al., “Prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and mortality in US male physicians.” Archives of Internal Medicine 159, no. 79 (1997):79–85. См. также Fuchs CS et al., “Alcohol consumption and mortality among women.” NEJM 332, no. 19 (1995):1245–50.

96 Недавнее исследование определило: Barger-Lux MJ et al., “Caffeine and the calcium economy revisited.” Osteoporosis International 5 no. 2 (March 1995):97–102.

96 может замедлить всасывание негемового железа: Morck TA, “Inhibition of food iron absorption by coffee.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, no. 3 (1983):416– 20. См. также Hallberg L, “Effect of different drinks on the absorption of nonheme iron from composite meals.” Human Nutrition, Applied Nutrition 36, no. 2 (1982):116–23.

96 Корейское исследование: Choi EJ et al., “Coffee consumption and bone mineral density in korean premenopausal women.” Korean Journal of Family Medicine 35, no. 1 (2014):11–8.

97 Потенциально негативные эффекты: Heaney RP, “Effects of caffeine on bone and the calcium economy.” Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 40 (2002):1263–70.

97 высокий уровень С-реактивного белка – это индикатор: Kotani K et al., “The relationship between usual coffee consumption and serum C-reactive protein level in a Japanese female population.” Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 46, no. 10 (2008):1434–7.

98 исследование 2013 года: Tallis J et al., “Assessment of the ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation on mood, anticipation timing, and muscular strength in older adults.” Physiological Reports 1, no. 3 (2013):e00072.

98 Британские исследователи рекомендуют: Nelson M et al., “Impact of tea drinking on iron status in the UK: a review.” Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 17, no. 1 (February 2004):43–54.

Глава 4: Диетическая доктрина, щелочность и избыток омега-6-жирных кислот… О боже!

108 их команда профессиональных диетологов: National Agricultural Library, USDA. nutrition.gov/subject/dietary-supplements/faqs.

108 Покойный Шари Либерман, PhD: Lieberman S, Burning N. The Real Vitamin and Mineral Book. New York: Avery, 2003, 19.

108 Уолтер Уайлетт, MD: Harvard Health Publishing. “Multivitamins: should you buy this insurance?” September 2006. www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article /multivitamins-should-you-buy-this-insurance.

108 Доктор Марк Хайман: Hyman M, “Do you need supplements?” drhyman.com/blog /2015/04/02/do-you-need-supplements/.

109 Американская Ассоциация питания интересовалась: Dollahite J et al., “Problems encountered in meeting the recommended dietary allowances for menus designed according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.” Journal of the American Dietetic Association 95, no. 3 (March 1995):341–4.

110 Исследование Джейсона 2010 года: Calton JB, “Prevalence of micronutrient deficiency in popular diet plans.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 10 (June 2010): 7–24.

114 Исследование, опубликованное Национальным институтом гигиены Польши: Pachocka L, “Changes in vitamins intake in overweight and obese adults after lowenergy diets.” Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny 53, no. 3 (2002):243–52. [Статья на польском.]

114 Исследование, опубликованное в Журнале диетологии: Truby H et al., “Commercial weight loss diets meet nutrient requirements in free living adults over 8 weeks: a randomized controlled weight loss trial.” Nutrition Journal 7, no. 25 (2008).

115 Недостаток витаминов B1, B9, B12 и D: O’Donnell K, “Small but mighty: selected micronutrient issues in gastric bypass patients.” Semantic Scholar. 2008.

115 Одно недавнее исследование: Yu EW et al., “Two-year changes in bone density after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 100, no. 4 (2015):1452–9.

115 показали свою несостоятельность: Winston JC, “Health effects of vegan diets.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89, no. 5 (2009):1627S–3S.

115 Исследования показывают, что веганские диеты: Davey GK et al., “EPIC-Oxford: Lifestyle characteristics and nutrient intakes in a cohort of 33,883 meat-eaters and 31,546 non-meat-eaters in the UK.” Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 3 (2003):259.

116 94 процента сои: United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us/recent-trends-in-ge-adoption.aspx.

116 В одном исследовании, опубликованном Журналом диетологии: Geleijnse JM, “Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study.” Journal of Nutrition 134, no. 11 (November 2004):3100–5.

116 Другое исследование из Нидерландов: Schurgers LJ, “Vitamin K-containing dietary supplements: comparison of synthetic vitamin K1 and natto-derived menaquinone-7.” Blood 109, no. 8 (April 2007):3279–83.

116 в исследовании, опубликованном Американским журналом клинической диетологии: Ho-Pham LT, “Effect of vegetarian diets on bone mineral density: a Bayesian meta-analysis.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90, no. 4 (October 2009):943–50.

117 МПКТ была примерно на 4 процента ниже: Ho-Pham LT, “Effect of vegetarian diets on bone mineral density: a Bayesian meta-analysis.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90, no. 4: (October 2009):943-50.

118 Два недавних австралийских исследования: Manousou S et al., “A Paleolithic-type diet results in iodine deficiency: a 2-year randomized trial in postmenopausal obese women.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72, no. 1 (January 2018):124–29. См. также Genoni A, “Cardiovascular: metabolic effects and dietary composition of ad-libitum Paleolithic vs. Australian guide to healthy eating diets: a 4-week randomised trial.” Nutrients 8 (2016):314–27.

119 более половины людей: Mariani P et al., “The gluten-free diet: a nutritional risk factor for adolescents with celiac disease?” Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 27, no. 5 (November 1998):519–23.

120 По словам исследователя кальция Рэнди Вольфа: Wolf RL et al., “Factors associated with calcium absorption efficiency in pre– and perimenopausal women.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72 (2000):466–71. See also Heaney RP, “The paradox of osteoporosis irreversibility.” blogs.creighton.edu/heaney/2014/07/25/the-paradox-of-osteoporosis-irreversibility-2/.

121 Когда диета Аткинса: Truby H et al., “Commercial weight loss diets meet nutrient requirements in free living adults over 8 weeks: a randomised controlled weight loss trial.” Nutrition Journal 7 (September 2008):25.

121 когда исследователи рассмотрели высокожировые диеты: Wang T et al., “Effects of a standard high-fat diet with or without multiple deficiencies on bone parameters in ovariectomized mature rat.” PLoS One 12, no. 9 (September 2017):e0184983. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0184983.

122 исследования указывают, что высокое потребление клетчатки: Wolf RL et al., “Factors associated with calcium absorption efficiency in pre– and perimenopausal women.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72(2000):466–71.

124 pH крови удерживается на определенном уровне: Hamm LL et al., “Acid-base homeostasis.” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 10, no. 12 (2015):2232–42.

124 культуры по всему миру: Ströhle A et al., “Estimation of the dietdependent net acid load in 229 worldwide historically studied hunter-gatherer societies.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, no. 2 (February 2010):406–12. См. также Ströhle A et al., “Latitude, local ecology, and hunter-gatherer dietary acid load: implications from evolutionary ecology.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92, no. 4 (October 2010):940–5; Carrera-Bastos P et al., “The western diet and lifestyle and diseases of civilization.” Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology 2 (2011):15–35. 104 According to research published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition: Calvez J et al., “Protein intake, calcium balance and health consequences.” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66, no. 3 (March 2012):281–95.

125 долговременное недостаточное потребление кальция вызывает остеопороз: Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010.

126 Исследователи определили, что низкобелковые: Kerstetter JE, “The impact of dietary protein on calcium absorption and kinetic measures of bone turnover in women.” Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 90, no. 1 (January 2005):26–31.

126 но исследование 2018 года: Rizzoli R et al., “Benefits and safety of dietary protein for bone health-an expert consensus paper endorsed by the European Society for Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteopororosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases and by the International Osteoporosis Foundation.” Osteoporosis International 29 no. 9 (September 2018): 1933–48.

127 По словам доктора Хини: Heaney R, “The paradox of osteoporosis irreversibility.” blogs.creighton.edu/heaney/2014/07/25/the-paradox-of-osteoporosis – irreversibility-2.

127 несколько лет назад, исследование: Dawson-Hughes B, “Interaction of dietary calcium and protein in bone health in humans.” Journal of Nutrition 133, no. 3 (March 2003):852S–4S.

130 усиливают рост и дифференциацию остеобластов: Liu Z et al., “Dose– and glucose-dependent effects of amino acids on insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets and clonal INS-1E beta-cells.” Review of Diabetic Studies 5, no. 4 (2008):232–44. См. также Yang J et al., “Insulin stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through ERK and PI3K in MG-63 cells.” Cell Biochemistry and Function 28, no. 4 (2010):334–41.

130 Аргинин также: Chevalley T et al., “Arginine increases insulinlike growth factor-I production and collagen synthesis in osteoblast-like cells.” Bone 23, no. 2 (1998):103–9.

130 Аргинин, лизин и глицин связаны: Fini M et al., “Effect of L-lysine and L-arginine on primary osteoblast cultures from normal and osteopenic rats.” Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 55, no. 4 (2001):213–20. См. также MelendezHevia E et al., “A weak link in metabolism: the metabolic capacity for glycine biosynthesis does not satisfy the need for collagen synthesis.” Journal of Biosciences 34, no. 6 (2009):853–72.

130 У лейцина есть прямое действие: Fujita S et al., “Amino acids and muscle loss with aging.” Journal of Nutrition 136, no. 1 suppl. (2006):277S–80S.

131 Прием L-аргинина: Goel S et al., “Role of L-arginine in the treatment of osteoporosis.” International Journal of Orthopaedics 1, no. 4: (2014):177–180.

131 великолепно для здоровья костей: Blais A et al., “Oral bovine lactoferrin improves bone status of ovariectomized mice.” American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 296, no. 6 (2009):E1281–8. См. также Bharadwaj S et al., “Milk ribonuclease-enriched lactoferrin induces positive effects on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women.” Osteoporosis International 20, no. 9 (September 2009):1603–11; Cornish J et al., “Lactoferrin is a potent regulator of bone cell activity and increases bone formation in vivo.” Endocrinology 145, no. 9 (2004):4366–74; Grey A et al., “The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein1 is a mitogenic receptor for lactoferrin inosteoblastic cells.” Molecular Endocrinology 18, no. 9 (2004):2268–78; Grey A et al. “Lactoferrin potently inhibits osteoblast apoptosis, viaan LRP1-independent pathway.” Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 251, no. 1–2 (2006):96–102; Guo HY et al., “Orally administered lactoferrin preserves bone mass and microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats.” Journal of Nutrition 139, no. 5 (2009):958–66; Hou JM et al., “Lactoferrin inhibits apoptosis through insulin-like growth factor 1 in primary rat osteoblasts.” Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 35, no. 4 (2014):523–30; Lorget F et al., “Lactoferrin reduces invitro osteoclast differentiation and resorbing activity.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 296, no. 2 (2002):261–6; Montesi M et al., “Coupling hydroxyapatite nanocrystals with lactoferrin as a promising strategy to fine regulate bone homeostasis.” PloS One 10, no. 7 (2015):e0132633.; Naot D et al., “Molecular mechanisms involved in hemitogenic effect of lactoferrin in osteoblasts.” Bone 49, 2 (2011):217– 24; Onubushi T et al., “Molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of bovine lactoferrin on lipopolysaccharide-mediated osteoclastogenesis.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, no. 28 (2012):23527–36; Takayama Y et al., “Effect of bovine lactoferrin on extracellular matrix calcification by human osteoblast-like cells.” Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 72, no. 1 (2008):226–30; Takayama Y et al., “Effect of lactoferrin-embedded collagen membrane on osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells.” Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 107, no. 2 (2009):191-5; Yagi M et al., “Effects of lactoferrin on the differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells.” Cell Biology International 33, no. 3 (2009):283–9; Ying X et al., “Effect of lactoferrin on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells.” International Orthopaedics 36, no. 3 (2012):647–53.

131 новые исследования предполагают, что лактоферрин: Amini AA et al., “Lactoferrin: a biologically active molecule for bone regeneration.” Current Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 8 (2011):1220–9. См. также Li W et al., “Bone regeneration is promoted by orally administered bovine lactoferrin in a rabbit tibial distraction osteogenesis model.” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 473, no. 7 (2015):2383–93; Zhang W et al., “Lactoferrin stimulates osteoblast differentiation through PKA and p38 pathways independent of lactoferrin’s receptor LRP1.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 29, no. 5 (2014):1232–43.

131 научно доказанные преимущества для здоровья: Markus R et al., “The bovine protein alpha-lactalbumin increases the plasma ratio of tryptophan to the other large neutral amino acids, and in vulnerable subjects raises brain serotonin activity, reduces cortisol concentration, and improves mood under stress.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71, no. 6 (June 2000):1536–44. См. также Camfield A et al., “Dairy constituents and neurocognitive health in ageing.” British Journal of Nutrition 106, no. 2 (July 2011):159–74; Gerdes SK et al., “Bioactive components of whey and cardiovascular health.” Applications monograph. U.S. Dairy Export Council. 2001; LanPidhainy X et al., “The hypoglycemic effect of fat and protein is not attenuated by insulin resistance.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, no. 1 (January 2010):98– 105; Markus R et al., “Whey protein rich in alpha-lactalbumin increases the ratio of plasma tryptophan to the sum of the other large neutral amino acids and improves cognitive performance in stress-vulnerable subjects.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75, no. 6 (June 2002):1051–6; Matsumoto H et al. “New biological function of bovine alpha-lactalbumin: protective effect against ethanol– and stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.” Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 65, no. 5 (May 2001):1104–11; Mierlo A et al., “Weight management using a meal replacement strategy: meta and pooling analysis from six studies.” International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 27, no. 5 (May 2003):537–49; Parodi W, “A Role for milk proteins and their peptides in cancer prevention.” Current Pharmaceutical Design 13, no. 8 (2007):813–28; Shertzer G et al., “Dietary whey protein lowers the risk for metabolic disease in mice fed a high-fat diet.” Journal of Nutrition 141, no. 4 (April 2011):582–7; Zhang X et al., “Lowering effect of dietary milk-whey protein v. casein on plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations in rats.” British Journal of Nutrition 70, no. 1 (July 1993):139–46.